1,579
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Between protection and assistance: is there refuge for asylum seekers with disabilities in Europe?

Pages 537-551 | Received 01 Aug 2010, Accepted 01 Jan 2011, Published online: 01 Aug 2011

References

Secondary sources

  • Abberley , P. 1987 . The concept of oppression and the development of a social theory of disability . Disability, Handicap and Society , 2 ( 1 ) : 5 – 19 .
  • Ahern , L. and Rosenthal , E. 2005 . Behind closed doors: Human rights abuses in the psychiatric facilities, orphanages and rehabilitation centres of Turkey , Washington, DC : DRI .
  • Ahern , L. and Rosenthal , E. 2007 . Torment not treatment: Serbia’s segregation and abuse of children and adults with disabilities , Washington, DC : DRI .
  • Beckett , A.E. 2006 . Citizenship and vulnerability: Disability issues of social and political engagement , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Bleich , A. , Dekel , R. and Solomon , Z. 2004 . The contribution of social disability to the evaluation of mental disability among PTSD veterans . Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences , 41 ( 4 ) : 237 – 247 .
  • Degener , T. 1995 . “ Disabled persons and human rights: The legal framework ” . In Human rights and disabled persons: Essays and relevant human rights instruments , Edited by: Degener , T. and Koster-Dreese , Y. 9 – 39 . Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff .
  • Degener, T. 2007. Recommendations to the Special Rapporteur on torture and treaty bodies in protecting persons with disabilities from torture and ill treatment. ANNEX VI. http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/disability/torture.htm (accessed May 1, 2010).
  • Ellis , K. 2005 . Disability rights in practice. The relationship between human rights and social rights in contemporary social care . Disability & Society , 20 ( 7 ) : 691 – 704 .
  • European Commission. 2003. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Equal opportunities for people with disabilities: A European Action Plan. COM(2003) 650 final, October 30.
  • European Commission. 2005. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Situation of disabled people in the enlarged European Union: the European Action Plan 2006–2007. COM(2005) 604 final, November 28.
  • European Commission. 2007. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Situation of disabled people in the European Union: the European Action Plan 2008–2009. COM(2007) 738 final, November 26.
  • European Council. 2007. Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. Official Journal of the European Union L 303, December 2: 0016–0022.
  • European Council on Refugees and Exiles. 2008. The impact of the EU Qualification Directive on international protection. Brussels: ECRE.
  • European Council on Refugees and Exiles. 2010. Comments from the European Council on refugees and exiles on the European Commission proposal to recast the Qualification Directive. Brussels: ECRE.
  • European Union. 2010a. Consolidated versions of the treaty on European Union. Official Journal of the European Union 2010/C 83/01, March 30: 13–46.
  • European Union. 2010b. Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union. Official Journal of the European Union 2010/C 83/02, March 30: 389–403.
  • Fairclough , N. 2001a . “ Critical discourse analysis as a method in social scientific research ” . In Methods of critical discourse analysis , Edited by: Wodak , R. and Meyer , M. 121 – 138 . London : Sage .
  • Fairclough , N. 2001b . “ The discourse of New Labour: Critical discourse analysis ” . In Discourse as data: A guide for analysis , Edited by: Wetherell , M. 227 – 266 . London : Sage .
  • Flick , U. 2006 . An introduction to qualitative research , London : Sage .
  • Foster , M. 2007 . International refugee law and socio-economic rights , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • French , S. 1993 . “ Disability, impairment or something in between ” . In Disabling barriers, enabling environments , Edited by: Barnes , C. , French , S. , Swain , J. and Thomas , C. 135 – 143 . London : Sage .
  • Goodwin-Gill , G.S. and McAdam , J. 2007 . The refugee in international law , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Handoll , J. 2007 . “ Directive 2003/9 on reception conditions of asylum seekers: Ensuring ‘mere subsistence’ or a ‘dignified standard of living’? ” . In Whose freedom, security and justice? EU immigration and asylum law after 1999 , Edited by: Baldaccini , A. , Guild , E. and Toner , H. 195 – 228 . Portland : Hart .
  • Harris , J. 2003 . ‘All doors are closed to us’: A social model analysis of the experiences of disabled refugees and asylum seekers in Britain . Disability & Society , 18 ( 4 ) : 393 – 408 .
  • Kanter , A.S. and Dadey , K. 2000 . The right to asylum for people with disabilities . Temple Law Review , 73 ( 4 ) : 1117 – 1158 .
  • Kanter , A.S. , Chisham , R.B. and Nugent , C. 2001 . The right to asylum and need for legal representation of people with mental disabilities in immigration proceedings . Mental and Physical Disability Law Report , 25 ( 4 ) : 511 – 516 .
  • OHCHR. 2007. Expert seminar on freedom from torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment and punishment and persons with disabilities, 11 December, in Geneva.
  • Oliver , M. 1989 . “ Disability and dependency: A creation of industrial societies? ” . In Disability and dependency , Edited by: Barton , L. 6 – 22 . London : The Falmer Press .
  • Oliver , M. 2004 . “ The social model in action: If I had a hammer ” . In Implementing the social model of disability: Theory and research , Edited by: Barnes , C. and Mercer , G. 18 – 31 . Leeds : The Disability Press .
  • Rehman , J. 2010 . International human rights law , Harlow : Pearson .
  • Roberts , K. 2006 . Lost in the system? Disabled refugees and asylum seekers in Britain . Disability & Society , 15 ( 6 ) : 943 – 948 .
  • Shakespeare , T. and Watson , N. 2001 . The social model of disability: An outdated ideology? . Exploring theories and expanding methodologies: Research in Social Science and Disability , 2 : 9 – 28 .
  • Silove , D. , Steel , Z. and Frommer , N. 2004 . Part I: The mental health impacts of migration: The law and its effects – Failing to understand: Refugee determination and the traumatized applicant . International Journal of Law and Psychiatry , 27 : 511 – 528 .
  • Söder , M. 1989 . Disability as a social construct: The labelling approach revisited . European Journal of Special Needs Education , 4 ( 2 ) : 117 – 129 .
  • Strauss , A. and Corbin , J. 1998 . Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory , London : Sage .
  • Thomas , C. 2007 . Sociologies of disability and illness: Contested ideas in disability studies and medical sociology , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Tomasevski , K. 1995 . “ The right to health for people with disabilities ” . In Human rights and disabled persons: Essays and relevant human rights instruments , Edited by: Degener , T. and Koster-Dreese , Y. 131 – 146 . Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff .
  • UN Committee Against Torture. 2009. Report of the Committee against Torture, 41st session(3–21 November 2008); 42nd session (27 April–15 May 2009), A/64/44, Annex VIII, 253–54. Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ae5b5f12.html
  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. 1994. General Comment No. 5: Persons with disabilities. E/1995/22, December 9.
  • UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. 2004. General Recommendation XXX on discrimination against non citizens. Gen. Rec. No. 30, October 1. Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/45139e084.html.
  • UN General Assembly. 1991. Principles for the protection of persons with mental illness and the improvement of mental health care. A/RES/46/119, December 17.
  • UN General Assembly. 2008. Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment: Note / by the Secretary-General, A/63/175. Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48db99e82.html.
  • UN General Assembly, Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. 1951. United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 189, 138–220. Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3be01b964.html.
  • UN High Commissioner for Refugees. 1992. Handbook on procedures and criteria for determining refugee status under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol relating to the status of refugees. HCR/IP/4/Eng/REV.1, January.
  • UN High Commissioner for Refugees. 2002. Guidelines on International Protection No. 2: ’Membership of a Particular Social Group‘ within the context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or its 1967 Protocol relating to the status of refugees. HCR/GIP/02/02, May 7.
  • UN High Commissioner for Refugees. 2003. Procedural standards for refugee status determination under UNHCR’s mandate, November 20. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/42d66dd84.html (accessed August 1, 2010).
  • UN High Commissioner for Refugees. 2004. UNHCR annotated comments on the EC Council Directive 2004/83/EC of 29 April 2004 on minimum standards for the qualification and status of third country nationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection and the content of the protection granted (OJ L 304/12 of 30.9.2004), 28 January. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4200d8354.html (accessed August 1, 2010).
  • UN High Commissioner for Refugees. 2007a. The protection of older persons and persons with disabilities, 6 June 2007, EC/58/SC/CRP.14.
  • UN High Commissioner for Refugees. 2007b. Response to the Green Paper for the future of the common European asylum system, September. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/46e159f82.html (accessed August 1, 2010).
  • UN High Commissioner for Refugees. 2009. Guidelines on International Protection No. 8: Child asylum claims under Articles 1(A)2 and 1(F) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the status of refugees. HCR/GIP/09/08, December 22.
  • United Nations. 2008. UN Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities (UNCRPD) and Optional Protocol. In UN General Assembly, 2006, final report of the Ad Hoc Committee on a Comprehensive and Integral International Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights and Dignity of Persons with Disabilities, A/61/611, Annex I.
  • Vernon , A. 1996 . “ A stranger in many camps: The experience of disabled black and ethnic minority women ” . In Encounters with feminism and disability , Edited by: Morris , J. 47 – 68 . London : Womens Press .
  • Ward , K. , Amas , N. and Lagnado , J. 2008 . Supporting disabled refugees and asylum seekers: Opportunities for new approaches , London : Metropolitan Support Trust .

Cases

  • Applicant A v. Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs [1997] 190 CLR 225, 142 ALR 331, 24 February 1997.
  • BOG (Re) [2000] No. VAO-03441, CRDD No. 121, 16 July 2001.
  • Canada (Attorney General) v. Ward [1993] 2 SCR. 689, 30 June 1993.
  • Herczegfalvy v. Austria [1992] App. No. 10533/83 15, Eur.Ct.HR 58, 24 September 1992.
  • I-P-J (Re) [2000] No. A99-01121 CRDD No. 141, 11 September 2000.
  • LXC (Re) [2001] No. TAO-05472 CRRD No. 96, 30 May 2001.
  • Montoya v. SSHD [2002] EWCA Civ 620, U.K.C.A., 9 May 2002.
  • Niedzwiecki v. Germany [2005] App. No. 58453/00, Eur.Ct.H.R, 25 October 2005.
  • Okpsiz v. Germany [2005] App. No. 59140/00, Eur.Ct.H.R., 25 October 2005.
  • Price v. the UK [2001] App. No. 5493/72, Eur.Ct.HR, 10 July 2001.
  • SSHD (Respondent) v. K (FC) (Appellant); Fornah (FC) (Appellant) v. SSHD (Respondent) [2006] UKHL46, 18 October 2006.
  • Tchoukhrova v. Gonzales [2005] 404 F.3d 1181, US C.A. for the 9th Circuit, 21 April 2005.
  • Vincent v. France [2006] App. No. 6253/03, Eur.Ct.HR, 24 October 2006.

Primary sources/Interviews

  • Al-Tarawneh, M. 2010. Founder Chairperson of the UN CRPD Committee, Vice-President (2010) of the UN CRPD Committee, communication with author, May 6.
  • Arsenjeva, J. 2010. Policy and European Parliamentary Officer, European Disability Forum, interview with author, Brussels, April 19.
  • Commission Official A. 2010. European Commission, telephone interview with author, May 7.
  • Commission Official B. 2010. European Commission, telephone interview with author, April 29.
  • Commission Official C. 2010. European Commission, interview with author, Brussels, April 21.
  • Hannan, M. 2010. Disabled Peoples’ International – Europe, spokesperson for asylum seekers with disabilities, e-mail communication with author, April 10 and 16.
  • Jarab, J. 2010. Office for the High Commissioner of Human Rights, regional representative, interview with author, Brussels, April 19.

Discourse analysis/Qualification Directive and recast

  • European Council 2004. Council Directive 2004/83/EC of 29 April 2004 on minimum standards for the qualification and status of third country nationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection and the content of the protection granted. Official Journal L 304, September 30: 0012–23.
  • European Commission. 2009a. Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on minimum standards on procedures in Member States for granting and withdrawing international protection (Recast). COM(2009), 551 final, SEC(2009), 1374. Brussells: European Commission.

Asylum Procedures Directive and recast

  • European Council. 2005. Council Directive 2005/85/EC of 1 December 2005 on minimum standards on procedures in member states for granting and withdrawing refugee status. Official Journal L 326, December 13: 13.
  • European Commission. 2009b. Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on minimum standards for the qualification and status of third country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection and the content of the protection granted (Recast). COM(2009) 554 final, SEC(2009) 1377. Brussells: European Commission.

Reception Conditions Directive and recast

  • European Council. 2003. Council Directive 2003/9/EC of 27 January 2003 laying down minimum standards for the reception of asylum seekers. Official Journal L 031, February 6: 0018–25.
  • European Commission. 2008. Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down minimum standards for the reception of asylum seekers (Recast). COM(2008) 815 final, SEC (2008) 2945. Brussells: European Commission.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.