442
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Review of injection drug use in six African countries: Egypt, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, South Africa and Tanzania

, , &
Pages 121-137 | Published online: 10 Jul 2009

References

  • Abdool R (2005) Report for the meeting of national drug and HIV/AIDS co-ordinators on programme development and advocacy for drug demand reduction and HIV/AIDS in Africa, Mombassa, 11–13 April, 2005, Unpublished document
  • Adelekan ML, Lawal RA, Akinhanmi AO, Haruna AYA, Coker R, Inem V, et al. Injection drug use and associated health consequences in Lagos, Nigeria: Findings from WHO Phase II Injection Drug Use Study. Global Research Network on HIV Prevention in Drug Using Populations: Third Annual Meeting Report. July 5–7. US National Institute on Drug Abuse, DurbanSouth Africa 2000a; 27–40
  • Adelekan ML, Ndom RJE, Makanjuola AB, Parakoyi DB, Osagbemi GK, Fagbemi O, et al. Trend analyses of substance use among undergraduates of University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 1988–1998. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies 2000b; 1: 39–52
  • Adelekan ML, Stimson GV. Problems and prospects of implementing harm reduction for HIV and injecting drug use in high-risk sub-Saharan African countries. Journal of Drug Issues 1997; 27, unpaginated. (Retrieved 9 May 2005 at EBSCO Host database.)
  • Adelekan ML, Stimson GV, Rhodes T (1995) The diffusion of drug injecting in developing countries. Article based on a presentation given at the Sixth International Conference on the Reduction of Drug Related Harm, FlorenceItaly, 1995, (Accessed 30 June 2005 at http://www.drugtext.org/library/articles/96745.htm)
  • Affinnih YH. Revisiting sub-Saharan African countries’ drug problems: Health, social, economic costs, and drug control policy. Substance Use & Misuse 2002; 37: 265–290
  • Akinhanmi AO. Substance abuse epidemics: The Nigerian experience. Global Research Network on HIV Prevention in Drug Using Populations: Third Annual Meeting Report. July 5–7. US National Institute on Drug Abuse, DurbanSouth Africa 2000; 52–55
  • Ball A. Epidemiology and prevention of HIV in drug-using populations: Global perspective. Global Research Network Meeting on HIV Prevention in Drug-Using Populations: Second Annual Meeting Report, AtlantaGeorgia, August 26–28, 1999; 8–11
  • Beckerleg SE, Lewando-Hundt G. The characteristics and recent growth of heroin injecting in a Kenyan coastal town. Addiction Research and Theory 2004; 12: 41–53
  • CIA. The world fact book 2005, Accessed 9 November 2005 at http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/eg.html
  • Des Jarlais DC. Preventing HIV infection among injecting drug users: Intuitive and counter-intuitive findings. Applied and Preventive Psychology 1999; 8: 63–70
  • Ekpo M. Preventing HIV and other blood-borne disease among drug-using populations in Nigeria: Implications for research, practice, and policy. Global Research Network Meeting on HIV Prevention in Drug-Using Populations: Third Annual Meeting Report. July 5–7. US National Institute on Drug Abuse, DurbanSouth Africa 2000; 154–158
  • El Sayed N, Aon M, Mortagy I. Assessment of the HIV/AIDS situation and response in Egypt. National AIDS Programme, Ministry of Health and Population (NAP, MOHP), Expanded Theme Group on HIV/AIDS, Egypt (ETG). (2004)
  • Elshimi T, Warner-Smith M, Aon M. Blood borne virus risks of problematic drug users in Greater Cairo. 2004, UNAIDS & UNODC (Report)
  • INCB. Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2004 2004, Accessed on 29 June 2005 at http://www.incb.org/incb/annual_report_2004.html
  • Inem V, Ekpo M, Agomoh A, Agbo S, Doherty T, Yakubu Z. Drug use and HIV profile of ‘area boys and girls’ (ABG) in a rehabilitation programme in Lagos, Nigeria. Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine 1999; 9: 11–16
  • IRIN. Tanzania: Focus on drug abuse 2004, Accessed 14 November 2005 at http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=39029&SelectRegion=Great_Lakes&SelectCountry=TANZANIA
  • Ksobiech K. Assessing and improving needle exchange programmes: Gaps and problems in the literature. Harm Reduction Journal 2004; 1, (Accessed 11 August 2005 at http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=419717)
  • Lawal R. UNODC study on drugs and HIV/AIDS in Nigeria 2003. 2003, (Report)
  • McCurdy SA, Williams ML, Kilonzo GP, Ross MW, Leshabari MT. Heroin and HIV risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Youth hangouts, mageto and injecting practices. AIDS Care 2005a; 17: S65–S76
  • McCurdy SA, Williams ML, Ross MW, Kilonzo GP, Leshabari MT. ‘Flashblood’ and HIV risk among IDUs in Dar es Salaam. 2005b, Tanzania. (Accessed 1 September 2005 at http://bmj.bmjournals.com/cgi/eletters/330/7493/684#115307)
  • Myers B. Technical report on audit of substance abuse treatment facilities in Gauteng (2003–2004). Medical Research Council, Cape Town 2004
  • Myers B. Access to substance abuse treatment services for clients from historically underserved groups in Cape Town and Gauteng. South African Psychiatry Review 2005; 8: 65–69
  • Ndetei D. Study on the assessment of the linkages between drug abuse, injecting drug abuse and HIV/AIDS in Kenya. A Rapid Situation Assessment (RSA) 2004. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, NairobiKenya 2004
  • Needle RH, Ball A, Des Jarlais DC, Whitmore C, Lambert E. The global research network on HIV prevention in drug-using populations (GRN) 1998–2000: Trends in the epidemiology, ethnography, and prevention of HIV/AIDS in injection drug users. Global Research Network Meeting on HIV Prevention in Drug-Using Populations: Third Annual Meeting Report. July 5–7. US National Institute on Drug Abuse, DurbanSouth Africa 2000; 9–17
  • Obot IS, Ibanga AJ, Ojiji OO, Wai P. Drug and alcohol consumption by out-of-school Nigerian adolescents. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies 2001; 1: 98–109
  • Obot IS, Karuri GS, Ibanga AJ. Substance use and other risky behaviours of secondary school students in a Nigerian urban area. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies 2003; 2: 57–65
  • Odek-Ogunde M. Harm reduction as alternative strategy for prevention of drug abuse and HIV/AIDS in Kenya. Global Research Network on HIV Prevention in Drug-Using Populations, Third Annual Meeting Report. July 5–7. US National Institute on Drug Abuse, DurbanSouth Africa 2000; 113–117
  • Odek-Ogunde M. World Health Organization Phase II Drug Injecting Study: Behavioural and seroprevalence (HIV, HBV, HCV) survey among injecting drug users in Nairobi. WHO. 2004
  • Parry CDH, Plüddemann A. Southern African Development Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (SENDU): January–June 2004. Cape Town: Medical Research Council. (2005)
  • Plüddemann A, Parry C, Bhana A, Harker N, Potgieter H, Gerber W, et al. Monitoring alcohol and drug abuse trends in South Africa (July 1996–December 2004). SACENDU Research Brief 2005; 8(1)1–12
  • Plüddemann A, Parry CDH, Flisher AJ, Jordaan E. The nature and extent of heroin use in Cape Town: Part 2—A community survey. Cape Town: Medical Research Council. (2004)
  • Rogers SJ, Ruefli T. Does harm reduction programming make a difference in the lives of highly marginalized, at-risk drug users?. Harm Reduction Journal 2004; 1, (Accessed 11 August 2005 at http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=420490#B2)
  • Sulliman F, Ameerberg SAG. Mauritius Epidemiology Network on Drug Use Report: January–June 2004. Port Louis, Mauritius. (2004)
  • Sulliman FT, Ameerberg SAG, Dhannoo MI. Rapid Situation Assessment. Port Louis, Mauritius. (2004)
  • United Nations. United Nations Human Development Report 2005. 2005, Accessed 9 November 2005 at http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/presskit/HDR05_PKE_HDI.pdf
  • UNAIDS. Epidemiological fact sheets. 2004, Accessed 30 June 2005 at http://www.who.int/GlobalAtlas/PDFFactory/HIV/index.asp?strSelectedCountry=KE
  • UNAIDS. Fact sheet. 2005, Accessed 12 May 2005 at http://www.unaids.org/html/pub/publications/fact_sheets04
  • UNODC. Rapid assessment of trends and patterns of drug abuse in Egypt: Final report. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Cairo. 2001
  • UNODC. 2004 World Drug Report. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna 2004
  • UNODC. 2005 World Drug Report. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2005, (Accessed 29 June 2005 at http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/world_drug_report.html)
  • WHO. Countries 2002, Accessed 9 November 2005 at http://www.who.int/countries/en
  • World Bank. Country profiles 2002, Accessed 9 November 2005 at http://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/aag/zaf_aag.pdf

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.