‘Fighting a losing battle’: prisoners’ perspectives of treatment as prevention for hepatitis C with inadequate primary prevention measures

References

• ABS. (2016). 4517.0 – Prisoners in Australia, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/by%20Subject/4517.0∼2016∼Main%20Features∼Age∼8
   Google Scholar
• AIHW. (2015). The health of Australia's prisoners. Canberra: AIHW.
   Google Scholar
• AIVL. (2010). Legislative and policy barriers to needle & syringe programs and injecting equipment access for people who inject drugs. Canberra: AIVL.
   Google Scholar
• Bartlett, S. R., Fox, P., Cabatingan, H., Jaros, A., Gorton, C., Lewis, R., … Russell, D. B. (2018). Demonstration of near-elimination of hepatitis C virus among a prison population: The lotus glen correctional centre hepatitis C treatment project. Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciy210– ciy210. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Bretaña, N. A., Boelen, L., Bull, R., Teutsch, S., White, P. A., Lloyd, A. R., Luciani, F., … on behalf of the, H.-p. i. (2015). Transmission of hepatitis C virus among prisoners, Australia, 2005–2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 21, 765–774. doi:10.3201/eid2105.141832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruggmann, P., & Grebely, J. (2015). Prevention, treatment and care of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26, S22–S26. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.08.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cama, E., Brener, L., Wilson, H., & von Hippel, C. (2016). Internalized stigma among people who inject drugs. Substance Use & Misuse, 51, 1664–1668. doi:10.1080/10826084.2016.1188951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cope, N. (2000). Drug use in prison: The experience of young offenders. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 7, 355–366. doi:10.1080/dep.7.4.355.366
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correctional Service Canada. (2018). Correctional service Canada announces a prison needle exchange program [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/correctional-service/news/2018/05/correctional-service-canada-announces-a-prison-needle-exchange-program.html
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham, E. B., Hajarizadeh, B., Bretana, N. A., Amin, J., Betz-Stablein, B., Dore, G.J., … on behalf of the, H.-p. i. (2017). Ongoing incident hepatitis C virus infection among people with a history of injecting drug use in an Australian prison setting, 2005–2014: The HITS-p study. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. doi:10.1111/jvh.12701
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Doerrbecker, J., Friesland, M., Ciesek, S., Erichsen, T.J., Mateu-Gelabert, P., Steinmann, J., … Steinmann, E. (2011). Inactivation and survival of hepatitis C virus on inanimate surfaces. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 204, 1830–1838. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan, K., Wirtz, A. L., Moazen, B., Ndeffo-Mbah, M., Galvani, A., Kinner, S. A., … Altice, F. L. (2016). Global burden of HIV, viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis in prisoners and detainees. The Lancet, 388, 1089–1102. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30466-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowdle, W. R. (1998). The principles of disease elimination and eradication. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 76, 22–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fraser, S., & Treloar, C. (2006). ‘Spoiled identity’ in hepatitis C infection: The binary logic of despair. Critical Public Health, 16, 99–110. doi:10.1080/09581590600828683
   Google Scholar
• Gaventa, J., & Cornwall, A. (2015). The SAGE handbook of action research (3rd ed.). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Retrieved from http://methods.sagepub.com/book/the-sage-handbook-of-action-research-3e
   Google Scholar
• Grebely, J., Matthews, G. V., Lloyd, A. R., & Dore, G. J. (2013). Elimination of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs through treatment as prevention: Feasibility and future requirements. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 57, 1014–1020. doi:10.1093/cid/cit377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajarizadeh, B., Grebely, J., Byrne, M., Marks, P., Amin, J., Butler, T., … Dore, G. J. (2017). Incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in two maximum-security prisons in New South Wales, Australia: The SToP-C study. Journal of Hepatology, 66, S274. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(17)30862-0
   Google Scholar
• Hajarizadeh, B., Grebely, J., Martinello, M., Matthews, G. V., Lloyd, A. R., & Dore, G. J. (2016). Hepatitis C treatment as prevention: Evidence, feasibility, and challenges. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 1, 317–327. doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(16)30075-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harkness, B., Levy, M., Evans, R., & Wenke, J. (2017). Why is there still hepatitis C transmission in Australian prisons? A case report. Harm Reduction Journal, 14, 75. doi:10.1186/s12954-017-0201-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, M. (2009). Injecting, infection, illness: Abjection and hepatitis C stigma. Body & Society, 15, 33–51. doi:10.1177/1357034X09347221
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman, M., De Angelis, D., Vickerman, P., Hutchinson, S., & Martin, N. K. (2015). Hepatitis C virus treatment as prevention in people who inject drugs: Testing the evidence. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 28, 576–582. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, C. E., & Stevens, A. (2010). What can we learn from the Portuguese decriminalization of illicit drugs? The British Journal of Criminology, 50, 999–1022. doi:10.1093/bjc/azq038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, J., Martin, N. K., Hickman, M., Hutchinson, S. J., Aspinall, E., Taylor, A., … Vickerman, P. (2017). Modelling the impact of incarceration and prison‐based hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment on HCV transmission among people who inject drugs in Scotland. Addiction, 112, 1302–1314. doi:10.1111/add.13783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jürgens, R., Ball, A., & Verster, A. (2009). Interventions to reduce HIV transmission related to injecting drug use in prison. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 9, 57–66. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70305-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafferty, L., Rance, J., & Treloar, C. (2018). Who goes first? Understanding hepatitis C risk among injecting networks in the prison setting. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 183, 96–101. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam, B.P., Jeffers, T., Younoszai, Z., Fazel, Y., & Younossi, Z.M. (2015). The changing landscape of hepatitis C virus therapy: focus on interferon-free treatment. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, 8, 298–312. doi:10.1177/1756283X15587481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancaster, K., Ritter, A., & Stafford, J. (2013). Public opinion and drug policy in Australia: Engaging the ‘affected community’. Drug and Alcohol Review, 32, 60–66. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00497.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancaster, K., Santana, L., Madden, A., & Ritter, A. (2015). Stigma and subjectivities: Examining the textured relationship between lived experience and opinions about drug policy among people who inject drugs. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 22, 224–231. doi:10.3109/09687637.2014.970516
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larney, S., Kopinski, H., Beckwith, C.G., Zaller, N.D., Jarlais, D.D., Hagan, H., … Degenhardt, L. (2013). Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C in prisons and other closed settings: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology, 58, 1215–1224. doi:10.1002/hep.26387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lines, R., Jürgens, R., Betteridge, G., Stöver, H., Laticevschi, D., & Nelles, J. (2006). Prison needle exchange: Lessons from a comprehensive review of international evidence and experience. Montreal.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, N. K., Vickerman, P., Dore, G. J., & Hickman, M. (2015). The hepatitis C virus epidemics in key populations (including people who inject drugs, prisoners and MSM): The use of direct-acting antivirals as treatment for prevention. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 10, 374–380. doi:10.1097/coh.0000000000000179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, N. K., Vickerman, P., Foster, G. R., Hutchinson, S. J., Goldberg, D. J., & Hickman, M. (2011). Can antiviral therapy for hepatitis C reduce the prevalence of HCV among injecting drug user populations? A modeling analysis of its prevention utility. Journal of Hepatology, 54, 1137–1144. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.08.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel, L., Lions, C., Van Malderen, S., Schiltz, J., Vanderplasschen, W., Holm, K., … Stöver, H. (2015). Insufficient access to harm reduction measures in prisons in 5 countries (PRIDE Europe): A shared European public health concern. BMC Public Health, 15, 1093. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2421-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minister for Health. (2015). Turnbull Govt Invests over $1B to Cure Hep C [Press release]. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov.au/internet/ministers/publishing.nsf/Content/FAE2B65331456243CA257F20006D4C48/$File/SL-154.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pawlotsky, J.-M. (2014). New hepatitis C virus (HCV) drugs and the hope for a cure: Concepts in anti-HCV drug development. Seminars Liver Disease, 34, 022–029. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1371007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saldaña, J. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Stoové, M., Treloar, C. J., Maher, L., Tyrrell, H., & Wallace, J. (2015). Salvaging a prison needle and syringe program trial in Australia requires leadership and respect for evidence. Medical Journal of Australia, 203, 319–320. doi:10.5694/mja15.00523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stöver, H., & Hariga, F. (2016). Prison-based needle and syringe programmes (PNSP) – Still highly controversial after all these years. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 23, 103–112. doi:10.3109/09687637.2016.1148117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tourangeau, R., Rips, L. J., & Rasinski, K. (2000). The psychology of survey response. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Treloar, C., McCredie, L., & Lloyd, A. R. (2015). Acquiring hepatitis C in prison: The social organisation of injecting risk. Harm Reduction Journal, 12, 1–7. doi:10.1186/s12954-015-0045-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treloar, C., McCredie, L., & Lloyd, A. R. (2016). The prison economy of needles and syringes: What opportunities exist for blood borne virus risk reduction when prices are so high? PLoS ONE, 11, e0162399. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNODC. (2014). A handbook for starting and managing needle and syringe programs in prisons and other closed settings. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (2007). Interventions to address HIV in prisons: Needle and syringe programmes and decontamination strategies. In Evidence for Action Technical Papers.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (2014). Prisons and Health (S. Enggist, Møller, L., Galea, G., & Udesen, C., ed.). Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Zurhold, H., & Stöver, H. (2016). Provision of harm reduction and drug treatment services in custodial settings – Findings from the European ACCESS study. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 23, 127–134. doi:10.3109/09687637.2015.1112363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar