Predictors of attitudes toward psychedelics among psychologists in the USA

References

• Adlaf, E. M., & Smart, R. G. (1985). Drug use and religious affiliation, feelings and behaviour. British Journal of Addiction, 80(2), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1985.tb03267.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agin-Liebes, G. I., Malone, T., Yalch, M. M., Mennenga, S. E., Ponté, K. L., Guss, J., Bossis, A. P., Grigsby, J., Fischer, S., & Ross, S. (2020). Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for psychiatric and existential distress in patients with life-threatening cancer. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 34(2), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119897615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, B. S., Siu, W. O., & Pope, H. G. (2018). A survey of American psychiatrists’ attitudes toward classic hallucinogens. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 206(6), 476–480. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogenschutz, M. P., Forcehimes, A. A., Pommy, J. A., Wilcox, C. E., Barbosa, P. C. R., & Strassman, R. J. (2015). Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: A proof-of-concept study. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 29(3), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114565144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brener, L., Hippel, W. V., Kippax, S., & Preacher, K. J. (2010). The role of physician and nurse attitudes in the health care of injecting drug users. Substance Use & Misuse, 45(7–8), 1007–1018. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826081003659543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carhart-Harris, R., Giribaldi, B., Watts, R., Baker-Jones, M., Murphy-Beiner, A., Murphy, R., Martell, J., Blemings, A., Erritzoe, D., & Nutt, D. J. (2021). Trial of psilocybin versus escitalopram for depression. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384(15), 1402–1411. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2032994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Nutt, D. J. (2010). User perceptions of the benefits and harms of hallucinogenic drug use: A web-based questionnaire study. Journal of Substance Use, 15(4), 283–300. https://doi.org/10.3109/14659890903271624
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, A. K., Agin-Liebes, G., España, M., Pilecki, B., & Luoma, J. (2021). Attitudes and beliefs about the therapeutic use of psychedelic drugs among psychologists in the United States. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2021.1971343
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, A. K., Barrett, F. S., May, D. G., Cosimano, M. P., Sepeda, N. D., Johnson, M. W., Finan, P. H., & Griffiths, R. R. (2021). Effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(5), 481–489. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• dos Santos, R. G., Bouso, J. C., Alcázar-Córcoles, M. Á., & Hallak, J. E. (2018). Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for the management of mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 11(9), 889–902. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2018.1511424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drug Science (2021, June 3). Public attitudes to psilocybin-assisted - drug science. https://www.drugscience.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Key-stats-Embargo-lifts-04_06_21-at-00_01.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Earnshaw, V. A. (2020). Stigma and substance use disorders: A clinical, research, and advocacy agenda. The American Psychologist, 75(9), 1300–1311. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Romeu, A., Davis, A. K., Erowid, F., Erowid, E., Griffiths, R. R., & Johnson, M. W. (2019). Cessation and reduction in alcohol consumption and misuse after psychedelic use. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 33(9), 1088–1101. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119845793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths, R. R., Johnson, M. W., Carducci, M. A., Umbricht, A., Richards, W. A., Richards, B. D., Cosimano, M. P., & Klinedinst, M. A. (2016). Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 30(12), 1181–1197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116675513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansen, P. Ø., & Krebs, T. S. (2015). Psychedelics not linked to mental health problems or suicidal behavior: A population study. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 29(3), 270–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114568039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. Y. (2017). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Chi-Squared Test and Fisher’s exact test. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 42(2), 152–155. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.2.152
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krebs, T. S., & Johansen, P. Ø. (2013). Over 30 million psychedelic users in the United States. F1000Research, 2, 98. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-98.v1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luoma, J. B. (2010). Substance use stigma as a barrier to treatment and recovery. In B. Johnson (Ed.), Addiction medicine (pp. 1195–1215). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4419-0338-9_59
   Google Scholar
• Luoma, J. B., Chwyl, C., Bathje, G. J., Davis, A. K., & Lancelotta, R. (2020). A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials of psychedelic-assisted therapy. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 52(4), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2020.1769878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsiglia, F. F., Kulis, S., Nieri, T., & Parsai, M. (2005). God forbid! Substance use among religious and non-religious youth. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75(4), 585–598. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.75.4.585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, C. J., Muetzelfeldt, L., Muetzelfeldt, M., Nutt, D. J., & Curran, H. V. (2010). Harms associated with psychoactive substances: Findings of the UK national drug survey. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 24(2), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881109106915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, N. N. (2020). Factors influencing social work students’ motivation to work in drug treatment settings: The role of knowledge and attitudes. Social Work in Health Care, 59(7), 460–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2020.1790078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielson, E. M., & Guss, J. (2018). The influence of therapists’ first-hand experience with psychedelics on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy research and therapist training. Journal of Psychedelic Studies, 2(2), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2018.009
   Google Scholar
• Nour, M. M., Evans, L., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2017). Psychedelics, personality and political perspectives. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 49(3), 182–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2017.1312643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutt, D. J., King, L. A., & Phillips, L. D. (2010). Drug harms in the UK: A multicriteria decision analysis. The Lancet, 376(9752), 1558–1565. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutt, D., King, L. A., Saulsbury, W., & Blakemore, C. (2007). Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse. The Lancet, 369(9566), 1047–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palamar, J. J., Kiang, M. V., & Halkitis, P. N. (2014). Religiosity and exposure to users in explaining illicit drug use among emerging adults. Journal of Religion and Health, 53(3), 658–674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9660-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schönbrodt, F. D., & Perugini, M. (2013). At what sample size do correlations stabilize? Journal of Research in Personality, 47(5), 609–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.05.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Studerus, E., Kometer, M., Hasler, F., & Vollenweider, F. X. (2011). Acute, subacute and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: A pooled analysis of experimental studies. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 25(11), 1434–1452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110382466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stylianou, S. (2004). The role of religiosity in the opposition to drug use. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 48(4), 429–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X03261253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swift, T. C., Belser, A. B., Agin-Liebes, G., Devenot, N., Terrana, S., Friedman, H. L., Guss, J., Bossis, A. P., & Ross, S. (2017). Cancer at the dinner table: Experiences of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of cancer-related distress. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 57(5), 488–519. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167817715966
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). Substance abuse and mental health services administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. National Survey on Drug Use and Health Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2016-03-22. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36361.v1
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, S., Page-Gould, E., Aron, A., Moyer, A., & Hewstone, M. (2019). The extended contact hypothesis: A meta-analysis on 20 years of research. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 23(2), 132–160.
   Google Scholar