- BARON, R.A. & BYRNE, D. (1997). Social Psychology (8th edn.) London: Allyn & Bacon.
- BARNES, G.M., FARELL, M.P. & BANERJEE, S. (1994). Family influences on alcohol abuse and other problem behaviours among black and white adolescents in a general population sample. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 4, pp. 183-202.
- BROWN, J.H. & KREFT, I.G.G. (1998). Zero effects of drug prevention programs: issues and solutions. Evaluation Review, 22, pp. 3-14.
- DONALDSON, S.I., GRAHAM, J.W., PICCININ, A.M. & HANSEN, W.B. (1995). Resistance skills training and onset of alcohol use: evidence for beneficial and potentially harmful effects in public schools and in private Catholic schools. Health Psychology, 14, pp. 291-300.
- ELLIOTT, D.S., HUIZINGA, D. & AGETON, S.S. (1989). Multiple Problem Youth: delinquency, substance use and mental health problems. New York: Springer-Verlag.
- GRAHAM, J.W., MARKS, G. & HANSEN, W.B. (1991). Social influence processes affecting adolescent substance use. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, pp. 291-98.
- HANSEN, W.B. (1992). School-based substance abuse prevention: a review of the state of the art in curriculum, 1980-1990. Health Educational Research, 7, pp. 403-30.
- HAWKINS, J.D., CATALANO, R.F. & MILLER, J.Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112, pp. 64-105.
- HAWKINS, J.D. & WEIS, J.G. (1985). The social-developmental model: an integrated approach to delinquency prevention. Journal of Primary Prevention, 6, pp. 73-97.
- HIBELL, B., ANDERSSON, B., BJARNASON, T., KOKKEVI, A., MORGAN, M. & NARUSK, A. (1997). The ESPAD report: alcohol and other drug use among students in 26 European countries. Stockholm: CAN.
- JESSOR, R., DONOVAN, I.E. & COSTA, F.M. (1991). Beyond Adolescence: problem behavior and young adult development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- LERNER, R.M. & GALAMBOS, N.L. (1998). Adolescent development: challenges and opportunities for research, programs and policies. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, pp. 413-46.
- MORGAN, M. (1998). Evaluation of substance use prevention programmes: implications for illicit substances. In A. SPRINGER & F. UHL (Eds.), Evaluation Research in Regard to Primary Prevention of Drug Abuse (pp. 91-135). Brussels: European Commission, Directorate-General Science, Research and Development.
- MORGAN, M. & GRUBE, J.W. (1989). Adolescent cigarette smoking: a developmental analysis of influences. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7, pp. 179-89.
- MORGAN, M. & GRUBE, J.W. (1991). Closeness and peer group influence. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, pp. 159-69.
- MORGAN, M. & GRUBE, J.W. (1994). Drinking Among Dublin Postprimary School Pupils. Dublin: ESRI General Publications.
- MOSKOWITZ, I.M. (1989). The primary prevention of alcohol problems: a critical review of the literature. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 49, pp. 54-88.
- PETRAITIS, J., FLAY, B.R. & MILLER, T.Q. (1995). Reviewing theories of adolescent substance use: organizing pieces of the puzzle. Psychological Bulletin, 117, pp. 67-86.
- PRENTICE, D.A. & MILLER, D.T. (1993). Pluralistic ignorance and alcohol use on the campus: some consequences of misperceiving the social norm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, pp. 243-56.
The ESPAD Study: implications for prevention
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.