336
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Structure-function relationships of a membrane pore forming toxin revealed by reversion mutagenesis

&
Pages 327-337 | Received 13 Dec 2004, Published online: 09 Jul 2009

References

  • Schnepf HE, Crickmore N, Van Rie J, Lereclus D, Baum J, Feitelson J, Zeigler DR, Dean DH. Bacillus thuringiensis and its pesticidal proteins. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1998; 62: 775–806
  • Crickmore N, Zeigler DR, Feitelson J, Schnepf E, Van Rie J, Lereclus D, Baum J, Dean DH. Revision of the nomenclature for the Bacillus thuringiensis pesticidal crystal proteins. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1998; 62: 807–813
  • Li J, Carroll J, Ellar DJ. Crystal structure of insecticidal δ-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis at 2.5Å resolution. Nature 1991; 353: 815–821
  • Li J, Koni PA, Ellar DJ. Structure of the mosquitocidal δ-endotoxin CytB from Bacillus thuringiensis sp. kyushuensis and implications for membrane pore formation. J Mol Biol 1996; 257: 129–152
  • Knowles BH, Ellar DJ. Colloid-osmotic lysis is a general feature of the mechanism of action of Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins with different specificity. Biochim Biophys Acta 1987; 924: 509–518
  • Koni PA, Ellar DJ. Biochemical characterisation of Bacillus thuringiensis cytolytic delta-endotoxins. Microbiol 1994; 140: 1869–1880
  • Chow E, Singh FJP, Gill SS. Binding and aggregation of the 25 kilodalton toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to insect cell membranes and alteration by monoclonal antibodies and amino acid modifiers. Appl Environ Microbiol 1989; 55: 2779–2788
  • Drobniewski FA, Ellar DJ. Purification and properties of a 28-kilodalton hemolytic and mosquitocidal protein toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis 73-E10-2. J Bacteriol 1989; 171: 3060–3067
  • Knowles BH, Blatt MR, Tester M, Horsnell JM, Carroll J, Menestrina G, Ellar DJ. A cytolytic δ-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis forms cation-selective channels in planar lipid bilayers. FEBS Lett 1989; 244: 259–262
  • Knowles BH, White PJ, Nicholls CN, Ellar DJ. A broad spectrum cytolytic toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kyushuensis. Proc R Soc Lond 1992; 248: 1–7
  • Maddrell SHP, Lane NJ, Harrison JB, Overton JA, Moreton RB. The initial stages in the action of an insecticidal δ-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on the epithelial cells of the malpighian tubules of the insect, Rhodnius prolixus. J Cell Sci 1988; 90: 131–144
  • Maddrell SHP, Overton JA, Ellar DJ, Knowles BH. Action of activated 27000 Mr toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on malpighian tubules of the insect, Rhodnius prolixus. J Cell Sci 1989; 94: 601–608
  • Panchal RG, Bayley H. Interactions between residues in Staphylococcal α-hemolysin revealed by reversion mutagenesis. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 23072–23076
  • Koni PA, Ellar DJ. Cloning and characterization of a novel Bacillus thuringiensis cytolytic delta-endotoxin. J Mol Biol 1993; 229: 319–327
  • Yanisch-Perron C, Vieira J, Messing J. Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: Nucleotide sequences of the M13MP18 and pUC19 vectors. Gene 1985; 33: 103–119
  • Dower WJ, Miller JF, Ragsdale CW. High efficiency transformation of E. coli by high voltage electroporation. Nucleic Acids Res 1988; 16: 6127–6145
  • Promdonkoy B, Ellar DJ. Membrane pore architecture of a cytolytic toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. Biochem J 2000; 350: 275–282
  • Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72: 248–254
  • Thomas WE, Ellar DJ. Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystal δ-endotoxin: Effects on insect and mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Sci 1983; 60: 181–197
  • Ward ES, Ellar DJ, Chilcott CN. Single amino acid changes in the Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis δ-endotoxin affect the toxicity and expression of the protein. J Mol Biol 1988; 202: 527–535
  • Tindall KR, Kunkel TA. Fidelity of DNA synthesis by the Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase. Biochemistry 1988; 27: 6008–6013
  • Cha RS, Thilly WG. Specificity, efficiency, and fidelity of PCR. PCR Methods Applic 1993; 3: 18–29
  • Du J, Knowles BH, Li J, Ellar DJ. Biochemical characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis cytolytic toxins in association with a phospholipid bilayer. Biochem J 1999; 338: 185–193
  • Gazit E, Shai Y. Structural characterization, membrane interaction, and specific assembly within phospholipid membranes of hydrophobic segments from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis cytolytic toxin. Biochemistry 1993; 32: 12363–12371
  • Gazit E, Burshtein N, Ellar DJ, Sawyer T, Shai Y. Bacillus thuringiensis cytolytic toxin associates specifically with its synthetic helices A and C in the membrane bound state: Implication for the assembly of oligomeric transmembrane pores. Biochemistry 1997; 36: 15546–15554
  • Promdonkoy B, Ellar DJ. Investigation of the pore forming mechanism of a cytolytic δ-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. Biochem J 2003; 374: 255–259
  • Song L, Hobaugh MR, Shustak C, Cheley S, Bayley H, Gouaux JE. Structure of Staphylococcal α-hemolysin, a heptameric transmembrane pore. Science 1996; 274: 1859–1866
  • Petosa C, Collier RJ, Klimpel KR, Leppla SH, Liddington RC. Crystal structure of the anthrax toxin protective antigen. Nature 1997; 385: 833–838
  • Pautsch A, Schulz GE. Structure of the outer membrane protein A transmembrane domain. Nature Struct Biol 1998; 5: 1013–1017
  • Weiss MS, Schulz GE. Structure of porin refined at 1.8 Å resolution. J Mol Biol 1992; 227: 493–509
  • Lin SC, Lo YC, Lin JY, Liaw YC. Crystal structures and electron micrographs of fungal volvatoxin A2. J Mol Biol 2004; 343: 477–491
  • Weng YP, Lin YP, Hsu CI, Lin JY. Functional domains of a pore-forming cardiotoxic protein, volvatoxin A2. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 6805–6814
  • Kraulis P. MolScript: A program to produce both detailed and schematic plots of protein structures. J Appl Crystallog 1991; 24: 946–950

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.