The political economy of state-formation in the Arab Middle East: Rentier states, economic reform, and democratization

REFERENCES

• Anderson , Lisa . 1987 . ‘The State in the Middle East and North Africa’ . Comparative Politics , 20 : 1 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , Lisa . 1990 . “ ‘Policy-Making and Theory Building: American Political Science and the Islamic Middle East’ ” . In Theory, Politics and the Arab World: Critical Responses , Edited by: Sharabi , Hisham . 52 – 80 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Auty , Richard M. 2001 . Resource Abundance and Economic Development , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Auty , Richard M. . ‘Patterns of Rent-Extraction and Deployment in Developing Countries: Implications for Governance, Economic Policy and Performance’ . Paper prepared for Word Bank Seminar on Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Unit . April 27 2004 , Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Auty , Richard M. and Gelb , Alan H. 2001 . “ ‘Political Economy of Resource-Abundant States’ ” . In Resource Abundance and Economic Development , Edited by: Auty , Richard M. 126 – 44 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ayoob , Mohammed . 1996 . The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict and the International System , Boulder : Lynne Rienner .
   Google Scholar
• Baram , Amatzia . 1997 . ‘Neo-Tribalism in Iraq. Saddam Hussein's Tribal Politics 1991–1996’ . International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies , 29 : 1 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett , Michael N. 1992 . Confronting the Costs of War: Military Power, State, and Society in Egypt and Israel , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beblawi , Hazem . 1990 . “ ‘The Rentier State in the Arab World’ ” . In The Arab State , Edited by: Luciani , Giacomo . 85 – 98 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Bocco , Riccardo . 1996 . Etat et Tribus Bedouines en Jordanie, 1920–1990. Les Huwaytat: territoire, changement économique, identité politique , PhD thesis Paris : Institut d'Etudes Politiques . PhD thesis
   Google Scholar
• Bromley , Simon . 1994 . Rethinking Middle East Politics , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , L. Carl . 1984 . International Politics of the Middle East: Old Rules, Dangerous Game , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brumberg , Daniel . 1992 . “ ‘Survival Strategies vs. Democratic Bargains: The Politics of Economic Reform in Contemporary Egypt’ ” . In The Politics of Economic Reform in the Middle East , Edited by: Satloff , Robert . New York : St. Martin's Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , Edmund . 1790 . Reflections on the Revolution in France and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London, , 3rd edition , London : Printed for J. Dodsley .
   Google Scholar
• Butzclaar-Mohr , Françoise . 1992 . ‘Maghreb: Taxation of Investment Income’ . Bulletin for International Documentation , 46 : 206 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Centeno, Miguel Angel . 2002 . Blood and Debt: War and the Nation-State in Latin America , University Park : Pennsylvania State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Collier , Paul and Hoeffler , Anke . 1998 . ‘On Economic Causes of Civil War’ . Oxford Economic Papers , 50 : 463 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham , Robert B. and Sarayah , Yasin . 1993 . Wasta: The Hidden Force in Middle Eastern Societies , New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham , Robert B. and Sarayah , Yasin K. 1994 . ‘Taming Wasta to Achieve Development’ . Arab Studies Quarterly , 16 : 29 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Czichowski , Frank . 1988 . ‘Ich und meine Vettern gegen die Welt … Migration, “Wastah”, Verteilungskoalitionen und gesellschaftliche Stabilität in Jordanien’ . Orient , 4 : 561 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Delmas , Philippe . 1995 . Le Bel Avenir de la Guerre , Paris : Gallimard .
   Google Scholar
• Doner , Richard F. , Ritchie , Bryan K. and Slater , Dan . 2005 . ‘Systemic Vulnerability and the Origins of Developmental States: Northeast and Southeast Asia in Comparative Perspective’ . International Organization , 59 : 327 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ertman , Thomas . 1997 . Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Esfahani , Hedi . 2006 . ‘A Reexamination of the Political Economy of Growth in MENA Countries’ , University of Illinois . unpublished manuscript
   Google Scholar
• Fauvelle-Aymar , Christine . 1999 . ‘The Political and Tax Capacity of Government in Developing Countries’ . Kyklos , 52 : 391 – 413 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuyama , Francis . 2004 . State Building: Governance and World Order in the Twenty-First Century , Ithaca : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gongora , Thierry . 1997 . ‘War Making and State Power in the Contemporary Middle East’ . International Journal of Middle East Studies , 29 : 323 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herb , Michael . 2003 . ‘Taxation and Representation’ . Studies in Comparative International Development , 38 : 3 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbst , Jeffrey . 2000 . States and Power in Africa , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Heydemann , Steven . . ‘From Social Pact to Social Democracy? Prospects for the Transformation of Authoritarianism in the Middle East’ . Paper presented at the Second Mediterranean Social and Political Research Meeting . March 21–25 2001 , Florence.
   Google Scholar
• Hintze , Otto . 1975 . “ ‘Military Organization and the Organization of the State’ ” . In The Historical Essays of Otto Hintze , Edited by: Gilbert , Felix . 178 – 215 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hood , Christopher . 2003 . “ ‘The Tax State in the Information Age’ ” . In The Nation-State in Question , Edited by: Paul , T. V. , John Ikenberry , G. and Hall , John A. 213 – 27 . Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Huntington , Samuel P. 1991 . The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century , Norman : Oklahoma University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , Robert H. 1990 . Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , Robert H. and Rosberg , Carl G. 1982 . ‘Why Africa's Weak States Persist: The Empirical and the Juridical in Statehood’ . World Politics , 35 : 1 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karl , Terry Lynn . 1997 . The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Boom and Petro States , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Krause , Keith . 1996 . ‘Insecurity and State Formation in the Global Military Order: The Middle Eastern Case’ . European Journal of International Relations , 3 : 319 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Luciani , Giacomo . 1988 . ‘Economic Foundations of Democracy and Authoritarianism: The Arab World in Comparative Perspective’ . Arab Studies Quarterly , 10 : 457 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Luciani , Giacomo . 1990 . “ ‘Allocation vs. Production States: A Theoretical Framework’ ” . In The Arab State , Edited by: Luciani , Giacomo . 65 – 84 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Luciani , Giacomo . 1994 . “ ‘The Oil Rent, the Fiscal Crisis of the State and Democratization’ ” . In Democracy without Democrats? The Renewal of Politics in the Muslim World , Edited by: Salamé , Ghassan . 130 – 55 . London : I. B. Tauris .
   Google Scholar
• Lustick , Ian . 1997 . ‘The Absence of Middle Eastern Great Powers: Political “Backwardness” in Historical Perspective’ . International Organization , 51 : 653 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahdavy , Hossein . 1970 . “ ‘The Patterns and Problems of Economic Development in Rentier States: The Case of Iran’ ” . In Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East , Edited by: Cook , M. A. 428 – 67 . London : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mann , Michael . 1993 . The Sources of Social Power, Vol II , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Migdal , Joel . 2004 . ‘State-Building and the Non-Nation-State’ . Journal of International Affairs , 58 : 17 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Milliken , Jennifer and Krause , Keith . 2002 . ‘State Failure, State Collapse, and State Reconstruction: Concepts, Lessons and Strategies’ . Development and Change , 33 : 753 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , Mick . 2004 . ‘Revenues, State Formation, and the Quality of Governance in Developing Countries’ . International Political Science Review , 25 : 297 – 319 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , Pete W. and Salloukh , Bassel F. . ‘Fiscal Crisis and State–Society Relations in the Arab World: Jordan, Kuwait, and Syria in Comparative Perspective’ . Paper presented at the Fourth Mediterranean Social and Political Research Meeting . March 19–23 2003 , Florence.
   Google Scholar
• Oppenheimer , Franz . 1990 . Der Staat. Eine soziologische Studie , Berlin : Libertad Verlag . [1907]
   Google Scholar
• Richter , Thomas . 2004 . Determinanten einer Wirtschaftspolitik für Kleinst-, Klein und Mittelunternehmen (KKMU) in Ägypten , Münster : LIT Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , Michael . 1997 . ‘The Political Economy of the Resource Curse’ . World Politics , 51 : 297 – 332 .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , Michael . 2001 . ‘Does Oil hinder Democracy?’ . World Politics , 53 : 325 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadowski , Yahya . 1993 . Scuds or Butter? The Political Economy of Arms Control in the Middle East , Washington, DC : Brookings Institution .
   Google Scholar
• Schlumberger , Oliver . 2000 . ‘Arab Political Economy and the European Union's Mediterranean Policy: What Prospects for Development?’ . New Political Economy , 5 : 247 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz , Rolf . 2004 . ‘The Paradox of Sovereignty, Regime Type and Human Rights Compliance’ . International Journal of Human Rights , 8 : 199 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz , Rolf . 2007 . Rule, Revenue, and Representation. Oil and State Formation in the Middle East and North Africa , PhD thesis Geneva : Graduate Institute of International Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Sharabi , Hisham . 1988 . Neopatriarchy. A Theory of Distorted Change in Arab Society , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• S⊘rensen , Georg . 2001 . ‘War and State Making – Why Doesn't it Work in the Third World?’ . Security Dialogue , 32 : 341 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Springborg , Robert and Henry , Clement M. 2001 . Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tilly , Charles , ed. 1975 . The Formation of National States in Western Europe , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tilly , Charles . 1985 . “ ‘War Making and State Making as Organized Crime’ ” . In Brining the State Back In , Edited by: Evans , Peter B. , Rueschemeyer , Dietrich and Skocpol , Theda . 169 – 91 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tilly , Charles . 1990 . Coercion, Capital and European States, AD 990–1990 , Cambridge : Basil Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Tilly , Charles . 2007 . “ ‘États forts, faibles, et birnbaumiens’ ” . In Le Temps de l'État. Mélanges en l'honneur de Pierre Birnbaum , Edited by: Déloye , Yves . Paris : Fayard .
   Google Scholar
• UNDP . 2003 . Arab Human Development Report 2002: Creating a Knowledge Society , New York : United Nations Development Program .
   Google Scholar
• UNDP . 2004 . Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World , New York : United Nations Development Program .
   Google Scholar
• Waterbury , John . 1997 . “ ‘From Social Contracts to Extraction Contracts: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism and Democracy’ ” . In Islam, Democracy, and the State in North Africa , Edited by: Entelis , John . 141 – 76 . Bloomington : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Waterbury , John . 1998 . “ ‘The State and Economic Transition in the Middle East and North Africa’ ” . In Prospects for Middle Eastern and North African Economies: From Boom to Bust and Back? , Edited by: Shafik , Nemat . 159 – 77 . Houndmills : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Weber , Max . 1922 . Grundriss der Sozialökonomie, Vol III, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft , Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck .
   Google Scholar
• Wicksell , Knut . 1988 . “ ‘A New Principle of Just Taxation’ ” . In Public Choice and Constitutional Economics , Edited by: Gwartney , James and Wagner , Richard . 117 – 30 . London : Jai Press . [1896]
   Google Scholar