Assessing reflective thinking: pre‐service teachers’ and professors’ perceptions of an oral examination

References

• Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U) . 2005 . Liberal education outcomes: A preliminary report on student achievement in college AAC&U. www.AAC&U.org/advocacy/pdfs/LEAP_Report_FINAL.pdf (accessed on 2 January 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Bok , D. 2006 . Our underachieving colleges: A candid look at how much students learn and why they should be learning more , Princeton and Oxford : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J.L. 2004 . Making the most of understanding by design , Alexandria, Virginia : ASCD .
   Google Scholar
• Campoy , R. 2005 . Case study analysis in the classroom: Becoming a reflective teacher , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Daelmans , H.E.M. , Scherpbier , A.J.J.A. , van der Vleuten , C.P.M. and Donker , A.J.M. 2001 . Reliability of clinical oral examinations re‐examined . Medical Teacher , 23 ( 4 ) : 422 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , M.H. and Karunathilake , I. 2005 . The place of oral examination in today’s assessment system . Medical Teacher , 27 ( 4 ) : 294 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guest , K.E. and Murphy , D.S. 2001 . In support of memory retention: A cooperative oral exam final . Education , 121 ( 2 ) : 350 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Joughin , G. 1998 . Dimensions of oral assessment . Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education , 23 ( 4 ) : 367 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , J. , Lloyd , P. and Scott , H. 2002 . ‘In the real world we’re all put on the spot at some time or other, so you need to be prepared for it’: An exploratory study of an oral method of assessing knowledge of mental health law . Social Work Education , 21 ( 1 ) : 91 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Huba , M.E. and Freed , J.E. 2000 . Learner‐centered assessment on college campuses: Shifting the focus from teaching to learning , Boston : Allyn and Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Jarvis , L. and Cain , L. 2002 . Diversifying assessment: Essays and examinations in undergraduate history of science . PRS‐LTSN , 2 ( 1 ) : 24 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Joughin , G. 1998 . Dimensions of oral assessment . Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education , 23 ( 4 ) : 367 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Kehm , B.M. 2001 . Oral examinations at German universities . Assessment in Education , 8 ( 1 ) : 25 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• King , P.M. and Kitchener , K.S. 1994 . Developing reflective judgment: Understanding and promoting intellectual growth and critical thinking in adolescents and adults , San Francisco, CA : Jossey‐Bass .
   Google Scholar
• King , P.M. and Kitchener , K.S. 2004 . Reflective judgment: Theory and research on the development of epistemic assumptions through adulthood . Educational Psychologist , 39 ( 1 ) : 5 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankester , T. 2006 . Hard choices . Oxford Today , 19 ( 1 ) : 10 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Lundberg , A. 2004 . Student and teacher experiences of assessing different levels of understanding . Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education , 29 ( 3 ) : 323 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Merseth , K. 1996 . “ Case and case methods in teacher education ” . In Handbook of research of teacher education: A project of the association of teacher educators , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Sikula , J. , Buttery , T.T. and Guyton , E. 722 – 44 . New York : Macmillan Library Reference .
   Google Scholar
• Morley , L. , Leonard , D. and David , M. 2002 . Variations in vivas: Quality and equality in British PhD assessments . Studies in Higher Education , 27 ( 3 ) : 263 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor , R.J. 2004 . Using oral examinations in a statistics class . The Teaching Professor , 18 ( 1 ) : 5
   Google Scholar
• Perry , W.G. 1970 . Forms of intellectual and ethical development in the college years: A scheme , New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Sandell , K.L. and Welch , L. 2004 . Two examples of group exams from communication and engineering . New Directions for Teaching and Learning , : 101 – 05 .
   Google Scholar
• Shulman , L.S. 2004 . Teaching as community property: Essays on higher education , San Francisco, CA : Jossey‐Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Soden , R. and MacMellan , E. 2004 . Experienced tutors’ deployment of thinking skills and what might be entailed in enhancing such skills . International Journal of Lifelong Learning , 23 ( 4 ) : 335 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Stray , C. 2001 . The shift from oral to written examination: Cambridge and Oxford 1700–1900 . Assessment in Education , 8 ( 1 ) : 33 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Swanson , D.B. , Norman , G.R. and Linn , R.L. 1995 . Performance‐based assessments: Lessons from the health professions . Educational Researcher , 24 ( 5 ) : 5 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Taras , M. 2002 . Using assessment for learning and learning for assessment . Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education , 27 ( 6 ) : 501 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , D.R. 1999 . Using performance assessment to engage pre‐service teachers in mathematical discourse . Social Science and Mathematics , 99 ( 2 ) : 84 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Wass , V. , Wakeford , R. , Neighbor , R. and Van der Vleuten , C. 2003 . Achieving acceptable reliability in oral examinations: An analysis of the Royal College of General Practitioners membership examination’s oral component . Medical Education , 37 ( 2 ) : 126 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wassermann , S. 1993 . Getting down to cases: Learning to teach with case studies , New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wiggins , G. 1993 . Assessing student performance: Exploring the purpose and limits of testing , San Francisco, CA : Jossey‐Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Yaphe , J. and Street , S. 2003 . How do examiners decide?: A qualitative study of the process of decision making in the oral examination component of the MRCGP examination . Medical Education , 37 ( 9 ) : 764 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar