Dietary seaweed (Ulva sp.) does not alter fatty acid profiles and concentration in South African juvenile dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus, Sciaenidae) fillet

References

• Béné C, Macfayden G, Allison EH. 2007. Increasing the contribution of small-scale fisheries to poverty alleviation and food security. FAO Fisheries Technical paper no. 481, FAO, Rome.
   Google Scholar
• Calder PC. 2014. Very long chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids and human health. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 116:1280–1300. doi: 10.1002/ejlt.201400025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodds ED, McCoy MR, Geldenhuys A, Rea L D, Kennish JM. 2004. Microscale recovery of total lipids from fish tissue by accelerated solvent extraction. J Am Oil Chem. Soc. 81:835–840. doi: 10.1007/s11746-004-0988-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Tawil NE. 2010. Effects of green seaweeds (Ulva sp.) as feed supplements in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) diet on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition. J Arabian Aquac Soc. 5:179–193.
   Google Scholar
• Evans FD, Critchley AT. 2014. Seaweeds for animal production use. J Appl Phycol. 26:891–899. doi: 10.1007/s10811-013-0162-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO. 2014. The state of the world fisheries and aquaculture 2012. Rome: FAO.
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgibbon QP, Strawbridge A, Seymour RS. 2007. Metabolic scope, swimming performance and the effects of hypoxia in the mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus). Aquaculture. 270:358–368. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floreto EAT, Teshima S, Koshio S. 1996. The effects of seaweed diets on the lipid and fatty acids of the Japanese disc abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). Fish. Sci. 62:582–588. doi: 10.2331/fishsci.62.582
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folch J, Lees M, Stanley GHS. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 226:497–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Organisation for EPA and DHA (GOED). 2014. Global recommendations for EPA and DHA intake. Review 19.
   Google Scholar
• Gunasekera RM, de Silva SS, Ingram BA. 1999. Early ontogeny-related changes of the fatty acid composition in the Percichthyid fishes trout cod (Maccullochella macquariensis) and Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii). Aquat. Living Resour. 12:219–227. doi: 10.1016/S0990-7440(00)88472-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halver JE. 1980. Fish feed technology. ADCP/REP/80/11. FAO, Rome, Italy, 395 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Kendel M, Wielgosz-Collin G, Bertrand S, Roussakis C, Bourgougnon N, Bedoux G. 2015. Lipid composition, fatty acids and Sterols in the seaweeds Ulva armoricana, and Solieriachordalis from Brittany (France): an analysis from nutritional, chemotaxonomic, and proliferative activity perspectives. Mar Drugs. 13:5606–5628. doi: 10.3390/md13095606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kris-Etherton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ. 2002. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 106:2747–2757. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000038493.65177.94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madibana MJ, Mlambo V, Lewis BR, Fouche CH. 2017. Effect of graded levels of dietary Ulva sp on growth, hematological and serum biochemical parameters in dusky kob, Argyrosomus japonicus. Egypt J Aquat Res. 43:249–254. doi: 10.1016/j.ejar.2017.09.003
   Google Scholar
• Makkar HPS, Tran G, Heuzé V, Giger-Reverdin S, Lessire M, Lebas F, Ankers P. 2015. Seaweeds for livestock diets: a review. Anim Sci Technol. 212:1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mišurcová L. 2012. Chemical composition of seaweeds. In: Se-Kwon Kim, editor. Handbook of marine macroalgae: biotechnology and applied phycology. Wiley; 567 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Mohanty BP, Mahanty A, Ganguly S, Mitra T, Karunakaran D, Anandan R. 2017. Nutritional composition of food fishes and their importance in providing food and nutritional security. Food Chem. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakagawa H, Kasahara S, Sugiyama T. 1987. Effect of Ulva meal supplementation on lipid metabolism of Black Sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Bleeker). Aquaculture. 62:109–121. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(87)90315-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norambuena F, Hermon K, Skrzypczyk V, Emery JA, Sharon Y, Beard A. 2015. Algae in fish feed: performances and fatty acid metabolism in juvenile Atlantic salmon. PLoS ONE. 10(4):e0124042. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragaza JA, Koshio S, Mamauag RE, Ishikawa M, Yokoyama S, Villamor SS. 2015. Dietary supplemental effects of red seaweed (Eucheuma denticulatum) on growth performance, carcass composition and blood chemistry of juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquacult. Res. 46:647–657. doi: 10.1111/are.12211
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roos N, Islam M, Thilsted SH. 2003. Small fish is an important dietary source of vitamin A and calcium in rural Bangladesh. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 54:329–339. doi: 10.1080/09637480120092125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sargent JR. 1997. Fish oils and human diet. Brit. J. Nutr. 78:5–13. doi: 10.1079/BJN19970131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS. 2010. Users guide. Carry, NC: Statistical Analysis System Institute Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Stengel DB, Connan S, Popper ZA. 2011. Algal chemodiversity and bioactivity: sources of natural variability and implications for commercial application. Biotechnol. Adv. 29:483–501. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tocher DR. 2015. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and aquaculture in perspective. Aquaculture. 449:94–907. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.01.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitefield AK. 1998. Biology and ecology of fishes of South African estuaries. Ichthological monographs of the JLB Smith Institute of Ichthyology. 2:1–223.
   Google Scholar