Oral administration of lactate producing bacteria alone or combined with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Megasphaera elsdenii on performance of fattening lambs

References

• Abdelrahman MM, Hunaiti DA. 2008. The effect of dietary yeast and protected methionine on performance and trace minerals status of growing Awassi lambs. Livest Sci. 115:235–241. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.07.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abu-Tarboush HM, Al-Saiady MY, El-Din AHK. 1996. Evaluation of diet containing lactobacilli on performance, fecal coliform, and lactobacilli of young dairy calves. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 57(1):39–49. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(95)00850-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhidary IA, Abdelrahman MM, Khan RU. 2016. Comparative effects of direct-fed microbials alone or with a trace minerals supplements on the productive performance, blood metabolites, and antioxidant status in grazing Awassi lambs. Environ Sci Pollut R. 23(24):25218–25223. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7684-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Ibrahim RM, Kelly AK, O’Grady L, Gath VP, McCarney C, Mulligan FJ. 2010. The effect of body condition score at calving and supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on milk production, metabolic status, and rumen fermentation of dairy cows in early lactation. J Dairy Sci. 93:5318–5328. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison MJ, Bucklin JA, Dougherty RW. 1964. Ruminal changes after overfeeding with wheat and the effect of intraluminal inoculation on adaptation to a ration containing wheat. J Anim Sci. 23:1164–1171. doi: 10.2527/jas1964.2341164x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antunović Z, Šperanda M, Amidžić D, Šerić V, Stainer Z, Domačinović M, Boli F. 2006. Probiotic application in lambs nutrition. Krmiva. 48:175–180.
   Google Scholar
• AOAC International. 1998. Official methods of analysis. 16th rev. Arlington (VA): Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem.
   Google Scholar
• Arowolo MA, He J. 2018. Use of probiotics and botanical extracts to improve ruminant production in the tropics: a review. Anim Nutr. 4(3):241–249. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.04.010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baiomy AA. 2011. Influence of live yeast culture on milk production, composition and some blood metabolites of Ossimi ewes during the milking period. Am J Biochem Mol Biol. 1:158–167. doi: 10.3923/ajbmb.2011.158.167
   Google Scholar
• Beauchemin KA, Krehbiel CR, Newbold CJ. 2006. Enzymes, bacterial direct-fed microbials and yeast: principles for use in ruminant nutrition. Biol Grow Anim. 4:251–284. doi: 10.1016/S1877-1823(09)70094-3
   Google Scholar
• Beauchemin KA, Yang WZ, Morgavi DP, Ghorbani GR, Kautz W, Leedle JAZ. 2003. Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbials and yeast on site and extent of digestion, blood chemistry, and subclinical ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci. 81:1628–1640. doi: 10.2527/2003.8161628x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beigh YA, Ganai AM, Ahmad HA. 2017. Prospects of complete feed system in ruminant feeding: a review. Vet World. 10(4):424. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.424-437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd J, West J, Bernard J. 2011. Effects of the addition of direct-fed microbials and glycerol to the diet of lactating dairy cows on milk yield and apparent efficiency of yield. J Dairy Sci. 94(9):4616–4622. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broderick GA, Kang JH. 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. J Dairy Sci. 63:64–75. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)82888-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruno RG, Rutigliano HM, Cerri RL, Robinson PH, Santos JE. 2009. Effect of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance of dairy cows during summer heat stress. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 150:175–186. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaucheyras-Durand F, Walker ND, Bach A. 2008. Effects of active dry yeasts on the rumen microbial ecosystem: past, present and future. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 145:5–26. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.04.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiofalo V, Liotta L, Chiofalo B. 2004. Effects of the administration of lactobacilli on body growth and on the metabolic profile in growing Maltese goat kids. Reprod Nutr Dev. 44:449–457. doi: 10.1051/rnd:2004051
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chiquette J, Allison MJ, Rasmussen M. 2012. Use of Prevotella bryantii 25A and a commercial probiotic during subacute acidosis challenge in midlactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 95(10):5985–5995. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruywagen C, Jordaan I, Venter L. 1996. Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation of milk replacer on preweaning performance of calves. J Dairy Sci. 79(3):483–486. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76389-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Der Bedrosian M. 2009. The effect of sodium bicarbonate or live yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the metabolism and production of Lactating dairy cows [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Delaware.
   Google Scholar
• Desnoyers M, Giger-Reverdin S, Bertin G, Duvaux-Ponter C, Sauvant D. 2009. Meta-analysis of the influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on ruminal parameters and milk production of ruminants. J Dairy Sci. 92:1620–1632. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-1414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Direkvandi E, Kamyab Kalantari R. 2018. Fecal volatile fatty acids and blood metabolites in the Turkmen horse associated with type and source of cereal grains. J Appl Anim Res. 46(1):1078–1083. doi: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1464927
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolezal P, Dolezal J, Trinacty J. 2005. The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on ruminal fermentation in dairy cows. Czech J Anim Sci. 50:503–510. doi: 10.17221/4255-CJAS
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drouillard JS, Henning PH, Meissner HH, Leeuw KJ. 2012. Megasphaera elsdenii on the performance of steers adapting to a high-concentrate diet, using three or five transition diets. S Afr J Anim Sci. 42(2):195–199. doi: 10.4314/sajas.v42i2.13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Ghani AA. 2004. Influence of diet supplementation with yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance of Zaraibi goats. Small Rumin Res. 52:223–229. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2003.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erasmus LJ, Botha PM, Kistner A. 1992. Effect of yeast culture supplementation on production, rumen fermentation, and duodenal nitrogen flow in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 75:3056–3065. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78069-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FASS. 2010. Guide for the care and use of agricultural animals in agricultural research and teaching. Champaign (IL): Federation of Animal Science Societies.
   Google Scholar
• Frizzo LS, Zbrun MV, Soto LP, Signorini ML. 2011. Effects of probiotics on growth performance in young calves: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 169(3):147–156. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.06.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galina MA, Ortiz-Rubio MA, Delgado-Pertinez M, Pineda LJ. 2009. Goat kid’s growth improvement with a lactic probiotic fed on a standard base diet. Options Méditerr Sér Sémin Méditerr. 85:315–322.
   Google Scholar
• Galip N. 2006. Effect of supplemental yeast culture and sodium bicarbonate on ruminal fermentation and blood variables in rams. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 90:446–452. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2006.00625.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geiger AJ, Ward SH, Williams CC, Rude BJ, Cabrera CJ, Kalestch KN, Voelz BE. 2014. Effects of increasing protein and energy in the milk replacer with or without direct-fed microbial supplementation on growth and performance of preweaned Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci. 97(11):7212–7219. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghorbani GR, Morgavi DP, Beauchemin KA, Leedle JA. 2002. Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbials on ruminal fermentation, blood variables, and the microbial populations of feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci. 80:1977–1985. doi: 10.2527/2002.8071977x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Givens DI, Owen E, Axford RFE, Omed HM. 2000. Forage evaluation in ruminant nutrition. 1st ed. Wallingford: CABI Publishing. 480 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Goto H, Qadis AQ, Kim YH, Ikuta K, Ichijo T, Sato S. 2016. Effects of a bacterial probiotic on ruminal pH and volatile fatty acids during subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in cattle. J Vet Med Sci. 78(10):1595–1600. doi: 10.1292/jvms.16-0211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddad SG, Goussous SN. 2005. Effect of yeast culture supplementation on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 118:343–348. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan A, Gado H, Anele UY, Berasain MA, Salem AZ. 2019. Influence of dietary probiotic inclusion on growth performance, nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation activities and methane production in growing lambs. Anim Biotechnol. 21:1–8. doi: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1604380
   Google Scholar
• Henning PH, Horn CH, Steyn DG, Meissner HH, Hagg FM. 2010. The potential of Megasphaera elsdenii isolates to control ruminal acidosis. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 157(1–2):13–19. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.12.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez R, Gonzalez SS, Pinos-Rodriguez JM, Ortega ME, Hernandez A, Bueno G, Cobos M. 2009. Effect of yeast culture on nitrogen balance and digestion in lambs fed early, and mature orchard grass. J Appl Anim Res. 32:53–56. doi: 10.1080/09712119.2009.9706984
   Google Scholar
• Hernandez A, Kholif AE, Lugo-Coyote R, Elghandour MMY, Cipriano M, Rodríguez GB, Odongo NE, Salem AZM. 2017. The effect of garlic oil, xylanase enzyme and yeast on biomethane and carbon dioxide production from 60-d old Holstein dairy calves fed a high concentrate diet. J Clean Prod. 142(4):2384–2392. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.036
   Google Scholar
• Higginbotham G, Bath D. 1993. Evaluation of Lactobacillus fermentation cultures in calf feeding systems. J Dairy Sci. 76(2):615–620. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77382-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huffman RP, Karges KK, Klopfenstein TJ, Stock RA, Britton RA, Roth LD. 1992. The effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on subacute ruminal acidosis. J Anim Sci. 70(Suppl. 1):87 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Hussein AF. 2014. Effect of biological additives on growth indices and physiological responses of weaned Najdi ram lambs. J Exp Biol Agr Sci. 2:597–607.
   Google Scholar
• Jeyanathan J, Martin C, Morgavi DP. 2016. Screening of bacterial direct-fed microbials for their antimethanogenic potential in vitro and assessment of their effect on ruminal fermentation and microbial profiles in sheep. J Anim Sci. 94:739–750. doi: 10.2527/jas.2015-9682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin LZ, Marquardt RR, Zhao X. 2000. A strain of Enterococcus faecium (18C23) inhibits adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 to porcine small intestine mucus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 66:4200–4204. doi: 10.1128/AEM.66.10.4200-4204.2000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jouany JP, Mathieu F, Bohatier J, Bertin G, Mercier M. 1998. The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergilus oryzae on the digestion of cell wall fraction of a mixed diet in defaunated sheep rumen. Repeod Nutr Dev. 38:401–416. doi: 10.1051/rnd:19980405
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jouany JP, Mathieu F, Senaud J, Bohaitier J, Bertin G, Mercier M. 1998. The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergilus oryzae on the digestion of nitrogen in rumen of defaunated and refaunated sheep. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 75:1–13. doi: 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00194-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jouany JP, Morgavi DP. 2007. Use of ‘natural’ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production. Animal. 10:1443e66.
   Google Scholar
• Kawas JR, García-Castillo R, Garza-Cazares F, Fimbres-Durazo H, Olivares-Sáenz E, Hernández-Vidal G, Lu CD. 2007. Effects of sodium bicarbonate and yeast on productive performance and carcass characteristics of light-weight lambs fed finishing diets. Small Ruminant Res. 67:157–163. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.09.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kewan KZ, Salem FA, Salem AZM, Abdou AR, El-Sayed HM, Eisa SS, Zaki EA, Odongo NE. 2019. Nutritive utilization of Moringa oleifera tree stalks treated with fungi and yeast to replace clover hay in growing lambs. Agroforestry Syst. 93:161–173. doi: 10.1007/s10457-017-0158-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SW, Standorf DG, Roman-Rosario H, Yokoyama MT, Rust SR. 2000. Potential use of Propionibacterium acidipropionici, strain DH42, as a direct-fed microbial for cattle. J Anim Sci. 78(Suppl. 1):292 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Kohn RA, Dinneen MM, Russek-Cohen E. 2005. Using blood urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, and rats. J Anim Sci. 83(4):879–889. doi: 10.2527/2005.834879x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kung L, Hession AO. 1995. Preventing in vitro lactate accumulation in ruminal fermentations by inoculation with Megasphaera elsdenii. J Anim Sci. 73:250–256. doi: 10.2527/1995.731250x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackie RI, Gilchrist FM. 1979. Changes in lactate-producing and lactate-utilizing bacteria in relation to pH in the rumen of sheep during stepwise adaptation to a high-concentrate diet. Appl Environ Microbiol. 38(3):422–430. doi: 10.1128/AEM.38.3.422-430.1979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Choi YJ, Soriano AP, Cho KK, Lee K, Bae GS, Lee SS. 2017. Increased propionate concentration in Lactobacillus mucosae–fermented wet brewers grains and during in vitro rumen fermentation. J Appl Microbiol. 123(1):29–40. doi: 10.1111/jam.13475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marounek M, Fliegrova K, Bartos S. 1989. Metabolism and some characteristics of ruminal strains of Megasphaera elsdenii. Appl Environ Microbiol. 55(6):1570–1573. doi: 10.1128/AEM.55.6.1570-1573.1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAllister TA, Beauchemin KA, Alazzeh AY, Baah J, Teather RM, Stanford K. 2011. Review: the use of direct fed microbials to mitigate pathogens and enhance production in cattle. Can J Anim Sci. 91:193–211. doi: 10.4141/cjas10047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamed MI, Maareck YA, Abdel-Magid SS, Awadalla IM. 2009. Feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and growth performance of camel fed diets supplemented with a yeast culture or zinc bacitracin. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 149:341–345. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mousa AES, Marghani B, Ateya A. 2019. Effects of supplementation of Bacillus spp. on blood metabolites, antioxidant status, and gene expression pattern of selective cytokines in growing Barki lambs. J Adv Vet Anim Res. 6(3):333. doi: 10.5455/javar.2019.f351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulaudzi T. 2018. In vitro effects of Megasphaera elsdenii ncimb 41125 and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae 1026 on rumen fermentation in early lactating cows [Master of Science thesis]. University of South Africa. p. 30–32.
   Google Scholar
• Musa HH, Wu SL, Zhu CH, Seri HI, Zhu GQ. 2009. The potential benefits of probiotics in animal production and health. J Anim Vet Adv. 8:313–321.
   Google Scholar
• Nocek JE, Kautz WP. 2006. Direct-fed microbial supplementation on ruminal digestion, health, and performance of pre-and postpartum dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 89:260–266. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72090-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRC (National Research Council). 2007. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants. Washington (DC): National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Oh J, Harper M, Melgar A, Compart DP, Hristov AN. 2019. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial and exogenous enzyme products on enteric methane emission and productivity in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 102(7):6065–6075. doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-15753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedraza-Hernández J, Elghandour MMY, Khusro A, Camacho-Diaz LM, Vallejo-Hernández LH, Barbabosa-Pliego A, Salem AZM. 2019. Mitigation of ruminal biogases production from goats using Moringa oleifera extract and live yeast culture for a cleaner agriculture environment. J Clean Prod. 234:779–786. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.126
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philippeau C, Lettat A, Martin C, Silberberg M, Morgavi DP, Ferlay A, Berger C, Noziere P. 2017. Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbials son ruminal characteristics, methane emission, and milk fatty acid composition in cows fed high- or low-starch diets. J Dairy Sci. 100:2637–2650. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radostitis OM, Gay CC, Blood DC, Hinchliff KW. 2007. Veterinarymedicine. A text book of the diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and horses. 10th ed. London: W.B. Saunders Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Raeth-Knight ML, Linn JG, Jung HG. 2007. Effect of directfed microbials on performance, diet digestibility, and rumen characteristics of Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 90:1802–1809. doi: 10.3168/jds.2006-643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramaswami N, Chaudhary LC, Agarwal N, Kamra DN. 2005. Effect of lactic acid producing bacteria on the performance of male crossbred calves fed roughage based diet. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 18(8):1110–1115. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2005.1110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Gaxiola MA, Domínguez-Vara IA, Barajas-Cruz R, Contreras-Andrade I, Morales-Almaráz E, Bórquez-Gastelum JL, Sánchez-Torres JL, Trujillo-Gutiérrez D, Salem AZM, Ramírez-Bribiesca E, Anele UY. 2020. Effect of enriched-chromium yeast on growth performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid profile in finishing Rambouillet lambs. Small Rum Res. 188:106118. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell JB, Wilson DB. 1996. Why are ruminal cellulolytic bacteria unable to digest cellulose at low pH? J Dairy Sci. 79(8):1503–1509. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76510-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleem AM, Zanouny AI, Singer AM. 2017. Growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and blood metabolites of lambs fed diets supplemented with probiotics during pre- and post-weaning period. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 30(4):523–530. doi: 10.5713/ajas.16.0691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS (Statistical Analysis System). 2008. SAS/STAT 9.2 user’s guide. Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Seo JK, Kim SW, Kim MH, Upadhaya SD, Kam DK, Ha JK. 2010. Direct-fed microbials for ruminant animals. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 23:1657–1667. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2010.r.08
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soren NM, Tripathi MK, Bhatt RS, Karim SA. 2013. Effect of yeast supplementation on the growth performance of Malpura lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod. 45:547–554. doi: 10.1007/s11250-012-0257-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmerman HM, Mulder L, Everts H, Van Espen DC, Van Der Wal E, Klaassen G, Rouwers SM, Hartemink R, Rombouts FM, Beynen AC. 2005. Health and growth of veal calves fed milk replacers with or without probiotics. J Dairy Sci. 88(6):2154–2165. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72891-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titi HH, Dmour RO, Abdullah AY. 2008. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs and Shami goat kid culture in their finishing diet. J Anim Sci. 142:375–383.
   Google Scholar
• Vallejo-Hernández LH, Elghandour MMY, Greiner R, Anele UY, Rivas-Cáceres RR, Barros-Rodríguez M, Salem AZM. 2018. Environmental impact of yeast and exogenous xylanase on mitigating carbon dioxide and enteric methane production in ruminants. J Clean Prod. 189:40–46. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.310
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Soest PV, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. 1991. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci. 74(10):3583–3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace RJ, Newbold CJ. 1993. Rumen fermentation and its manipulation. The development of yeast culture as feed additives. In: Lyons TP, editor. Biotechnology in the feed Industry. Kentucky: Alltech Technical Publications; p. 173–192.
   Google Scholar
• Weinberg ZG, Muck RE, Weimer PJ. 2003. The survival of silage inoculant lactic acid bacteria in rumen fluid. J Appl Microbiol. 94(6):1066–1071. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01942.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley NC, Cazac D, Rude BJ, Jackson-O’Brien D, Parveen S. 2009. Use of commercial probiotics supplement in meat goats. J Anim Sci. 87:723–728. doi: 10.2527/jas.2008-1031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willms CL, Berger LL, Merchen NR, Fahey GC, Fernando RL. 1991. Effects of increasing crude protein level on nitrogen retention and intestinal supply of amino acids in lambs fed diets based on alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw. J Anim Sci. 69:4939–4950. doi: 10.2527/1991.69124939x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang WZ, Beauchemin KA, Vedres DD, Ghorbani GR, Colombatto D, Morgavi DP. 2004. Effects of direct-fed microbial supplementation on ruminal acidosis, digestibility, and bacterial protein synthesis in continuous culture. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 114:179–193. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.12.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar