Effect of body weight on uniformity, livability, and skeletal development and strength of broiler breeder females

References

• AOAC International. 2005. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 18th ed. Gaithersburg, MD: AOAC International.
   Google Scholar
• Aviagen. 2012. Ross 308 parent stock performance objectives. Huntsville, AL: Aviagen, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Aviagen. 2013a. Ross 308 parent stock nutrition specifications. Huntsville, AL: Aviagen, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Aviagen. 2013b. Ross parent stock management handbook. Newbridge: Aviagen, Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Aviagen. 2016. Uniformity of female broiler breeders. Huntsville, AL: Aviagen, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Boivin G, Meunier PJ. 2002. The degree of mineralization of bone tissue measured by computerized quantitative contact microradiography. Calcif Tissue Int. 70:503–511. doi: 10.1007/s00223-001-2048-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouillon R, Vanderschueren D, Van Herck E, Nielsen HK, Bex M, Heyns W, Van Baelen H. 1992. Homologous radioimmunoassay of human osteocalcin. Clin Chem. 38:2055–2060. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/38.10.2055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown JP, Delmas PD, Malaval L, Edouard C, Chapuy MC, Meunier PJ. 1984. Serum bone Gla-protein: a specific marker for bone formation in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The Lancet. 323:1091–1093. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)92506-6
   Google Scholar
• Chen J-T, Hosoda K, Hasumi K, Ogata E, Shiraki M. 1996. Serum N-terminal osteocalcin is a good indicator for estimating responders to hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 11:1784–1792. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650111123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekmay RD, Salas C, England J, Cerrate S, Coon CN. 2012. The effects of pullet body weight, dietary nonpyhtate phosphorus intake, and breeder feeding regimen on production performance, chick quality, and bone remodeling in broiler breeders. Poult Sci. 91:948–964. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01931
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Parliament. 2010. Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.
   Google Scholar
• Feltz CJ, Miller GE. 1996. An asymptotic test for the equality of coefficients of variation from k populations. Stat Med. 15(6):647–658. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960330)15:6<647::AID-SIM184>3.0.CO;2-P
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming RH, McCormack HA, McTeir L, Whitehead CC. 1998. Medullary bone and humeral breaking strength in laying hens. Res Vet Sci. 64:63–67. doi: 10.1016/S0034-5288(98)90117-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris H. 1990. The human alkaline phosphatases: what we know and what we don’t know. Clin Chim Acta. 186:133–150. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(90)90031-M
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis PD, Danisman R, Gous RM. 2009. Photoperiodic responses of broilers. III. Tibial breaking strength and ash content. Br Poult Sci. 50:673–679. doi: 10.1080/00071660903365612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumeij JT, Westerhof I. 1987. Blood chemistry for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in birds. A review. Vet Q. 9:255–261. doi: 10.1080/01652176.1987.9694110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marwick B, Krishnamoorthy K. 2019. cvequality: tests for the equality of coefficients of variation from multiple groups. R software package version 0.1.3. https://github.com/benmarwick/cvequality, on 07/01/2019.
   Google Scholar
• Monaghan DA, Power MJ, Fottrell PF. 1993. Sandwich enzyme immunoassay of osteocalcin in serum with use of an antibody against human osteocalcin. Clin Chem. 39:942–947. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/39.6.942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parviainen M, Kuronen I, Kokko H, Lakaniemi M, Savolainen K, Mononen I. 1994. Two-site enzyme immunoassay for measuring intact human osteocalcin in serum. J Bone Miner Res. 9:347–354. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650090309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rath NC, Huff GR, Huff WE, Balog JM. 2000. Factors regulating bone maturity and strength in poultry. Poult Sci. 79:1024–1032. doi: 10.1093/ps/79.7.1024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. 2018. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
   Google Scholar
• Renema R, Robinson F, Newcombe M, McKay R. 1999. Effects of body weight and feed allocation during sexual maturation in broiler breeder females. 1. Growth and carcass characteristics. Poult Sci 78:619–628. doi: 10.1093/ps/78.5.619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson FE, Zuidhof MJ, Renema RA. 2007. Reproductive efficiency and metabolism of female broiler breeders as affected by genotype, feed allocation, and age at photostimulation. 1. Female growth and development. Poult Sci 86:2256–2266. doi: 10.1093/ps/86.10.2256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seibel MJ. 2005. Biochemical markers of bone turnover: part I: biochemistry and variability. Clin Biochem Rev. 26:97–122.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shastak Y, Witzig M, Hartung K, Bessei W, Rodehutscord M. 2012. Comparison and evaluation of bone measurements for the assessment of mineral phosphorus sources in broilers. Poult Sci. 91:2210–2220. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim MY, Karnuah AB, Mitchell AD, Anthony NB, Pesti GM, Aggrey SE. 2012. The effects of growth rate on leg morphology and tibia breaking strength, mineral density, mineral content, and bone ash in broilers. Poult Sci. 91:1790–1795. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stinson RA, Hamilton BA. 1994. Human liver plasma membranes contain an enzyme activity that removes membrane anchor from alkaline phosphatase and converts it to a plasma-like form. Clin Biochem. 27:49–55. doi: 10.1016/0009-9120(94)90011-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner CH, Burr DB. 1993. Basic biomechanical measurements of bone: a tutorial. Bone. 14:595–608. doi: 10.1016/8756-3282(93)90081-K
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuidhof MJ, Holm DE, Renema RA, Jalal MA, Robinson FE. 2015. Effects of broiler breeder management on female body weight and carcass uniformity. Poult Sci. 94:1389–1397. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar