References
- Babaeyan-Koopaei, K., and Valentine, E.M. (1999). “Bridge pier scour in self-formed laboratory channels.” Proceedings of the XXVIII IAHR Congress, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, p. 22–27.
- Basak, V., Baslamish, y., and Ergun, O. (1975). Maximum equilibrium scour depth around linear-axis square cross-section pier groups, Report No. 583, State Hydraulic Works, Ankara, Turkey. (in Turkish).
- Beg, M. (2008). “Effect of mutual interference of bridge piers on local scour.” Ph.D. thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
- Breusers, H.N.C., and Raudkivi, A.J. (1991). Scouring, hydraulic structure manual, I.A.H.R, Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
- Breusers, H.N.C., Nicollet, G., and Shen, H.W. (1977). “Local scour around cylindrical piers.” J. Hydr. Res., 15(3), 211–252.
- Elliot, K.R., and Baker, C.J. (1985). “Effect of pier spacing on scour around bridge piers.” J. Hydraul. Div. Proc. ASCE, 111(7), 1105–1109.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1985)111:7(1105)
- El-Taher, R.M. (1984). “Experimental study on the interaction between a pair of circular cylinders normal to a uniform shear flow.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 17, 117–132.10.1016/0167-6105(84)90037-0
- El-Taher, R.M. (1985). “Flow around two parallel circular cylinders in a linear shear flow.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 21, 251–272.10.1016/0167-6105(85)90039-X
- Garde, R.J. (1961). “Local bed variation at bridge piers in alluvial channels.” Univ. Roorkee Res. J., 4(1), 23–37.
- Garde, R.J., and Kothyari, U.C. (1995). State of art report on scour around bridge piers, IIBE, Mumbai.
- Hannah, C.R. (1978). Scour at pile groups, University of Canterbury, NZ, Civil Engineering Research Report No. 78–3, 92.
- Jain, S.C. (1981). “Maximum clear-water scour around cylindrical piers.” J. of Hydraulic Div., ASCE, 107(HY-5), 611–626.
- Kothyari, U.C. (1989). “Scour around bridge Piers.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
- Laursen, E.M., and Toch, A. (1956). Scour around bridge piers and abutments, Iowa Highway Research Board, Bulletin No. 4, Ames, IA.
- Melville, B.W. (1997). “Pier and abutment scour – integrated approach.” J. Hydr. Eng., ASCE, 123(2), 125–136.
- Melville, B.W., and Chiew, Y.M. (1999). “Time scale for local scour at bridge piers.” J. Hydraul. Eng. ASCE, 125(1), 59–65.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:1(59)
- Shah, B.P. (1988). “Interference effects on scour depth around bridge piers.” M.Tech. thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.
- Timonoff, V.E. (1929). “Experiments on the spacing of bridge piers in the case of parallel bridges.” Hydraulic laboratory practice, J.R. Freeman, ed., Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., New York, NY, p. 359.
- Vittal, N., Kothyari, U.C., and Haghighat, M. (1994). “Clear water scour around bridge piers group.” J. Hydraul. Eng. ASCE, 120(11), 1309–1318.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:11(1309)