Bridging the gap: decomposing sources of gender yield gaps in Uganda groundnut production

References

• Aguilar, A., Carranza, E., Goldstein, M., Kilic, T., & Oseni, G. (2015). Decomposition of gender differentials in agricultural productivity in Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics, 46, 311–334. doi:10.1111/agec.12167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, D., Bowen, D., Deininger, K., & Duponchel, M. (2016). Investigating the gender gap in agricultural productivity: Evidence from Uganda. World Development, 87, 152–170. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asrat, S., Yesuf, M., Carlsson, F., & Wale, E. (2010). Farmers' preferences for crop variety traits: Lessons for on-farm conservation and technology adoption. Ecological Economics, 69, 2394–2401. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aterido, R., Beck, T., & Iacovone, L. (2013). Access to finance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Is there a gender gap? World Development, 47, 102–120. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.02.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backiny-Yetna, P., & McGee, K. (2015). Gender differentials and agricultural productivity in Niger. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Blinder, A. S. (1973). Wage discrimination: Reduced form and structural estimates. Journal of Human Resources, 8, 436–455. doi:10.2307/144855
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: How is it done? Qualitative Research, 6, 97–113. doi:10.1177/1468794106058877
   Google Scholar
• Carr, E. R. (2008). Men’s crops and women’s crops: The importance of gender to the understanding of agricultural and development outcomes in Ghana’s central region. World Development, 36, 900–915. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.05.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotton, J. (1988). On the decomposition of wage differentials. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 70, 236–243. doi:10.2307/1928307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M. L., & Hanson, W. E. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In A. Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (pp. 209–240). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Croppenstedt, A., Goldstein, M., & Rosas, N. (2013). Gender and agriculture: Inefficiencies, segregation, and low productivity traps. World Bank Research Observer, 28, 79–109. doi:10.1093/wbro/lks024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la O Campos, A. P., Covarrubias, K. A., & Patron, A. P. (2016). How does the choice of the gender indicator affect the analysis of gender differences in agricultural productivity? Evidence from Uganda. World Development, 77, 17–33. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.08.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doss, C. R. (2002). Men’s crops? Women’s crops? The gender patterns of cropping in Ghana. World Development, 30, 1987–2000. doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00109-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doss, C. R. (2018). Women and agricultural productivity: Reframing the Issues. Development Policy Review, 36, 35–50. doi:10.1111/dpr.12243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elder, T. E., Goddeeris, J. H., & Haider, S. J. (2010). Unexplained gaps and Oaxaca–Blinder decompositions. Labour Economics, 17, 284–290. doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2009.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO. (2011). The state of food and agriculture 2010–2011: Women in agriculture: Closing the gender gap for development. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy: FAO.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. (2019). FAO, gender equality and the 2030 Agenda. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/gender/background/en/
   Google Scholar
• Galarza, F. (2009). Choices under Risk in Rural Peru (No. 17708). Germany: University Library of Munich.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, M., & Udry, C. (2008). The profits of power: Land rights and agricultural investment in Ghana. Journal of Political Economy, 116, 981–1022. doi:10.1086/595561
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González, P., Santos, L. D., & Santos, M. C. (2009). Education and gender wage differentials in Portugal: What can we learn from an age cohort analysis? Education Economics, 17, 263–278. doi:10.1080/09645290802628437
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, G. W., Humphrey, S. J., & Verschoor, A. (2010). Choice under uncertainty: Evidence from Ethiopia, India and Uganda. The Economic Journal, 120, 80–104. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02303.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegarty, P., & Pratto, F. (2001). The effects of social category norms and stereotypes on explanations for intergroup differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 723. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.80.5.723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horrell, S., & Krishnan, P. (2007). Poverty and productivity in female headed households in Zimbabwe. Journal of Development Studies, 43, 1351–1380. doi:10.1080/00220380701611477
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphrey, S. J., & Verschoor, A. (2004). Decision-making under risk among small farmers in East Uganda. Journal of African Economies, 13, 44–101. doi:10.1093/jae/13.1.44
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeddi, H., & Malouche, D. (2015). Wage gap between men and women in Tunisia. arXiv Preprint arXiv. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.02229.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kilic, T., Palacios-Lopez, A., & Goldstein, M. (2013). Caught in a productivity trap: A distributional perspective on gender differences in Malawian agriculture. Policy research working paper 6381. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Machin, S., & Puhani, P. A. (2003). Subject of degree and the gender wage differential: Evidence from the UK and Germany. Economics Letters, 79, 393–400. doi:10.1016/S0165-1765(03)00027-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehra, R., & Rojas, M. H. (2008). Women, food security and agriculture in a global marketplace. International Center for Research on Women (ICRW). Washington, D.C.: ICRW
   Google Scholar
• Mnimbo, T. S., Lyimo-Macha, J., Urassa, J. K., Mahoo, H. F., Tumbo, S. D., & Graef, F. (2017). Influence of gender on roles, choices of crop types and value chain upgrading strategies in semi-arid and sub-humid Tanzania. Food Security, 9, 1173–1187. doi:10.1007/s12571-017-0682-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukasa, A. N., & Salami, A. O. (2015). Gender productivity differentials among smallholder farmers in Africa: A cross-country comparison. African Development Bank Group Working Paper, 231. Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Retrieved from http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/WPS_No_231_Gender_productivity_differentials_among_smallholder_farmers_in_Africa__A_cross-country_comparison.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Neumark, D. (Ed.). (2004). Employers’ discriminatory behavior and the estimation of wage discrimination. In Sex Differences in Labor Markets (pp. 163–177). Abingdon, United Kingdom: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. International Economic Review, 14, 693–709. doi:10.2307/2525981
   Google Scholar
• Okello, D. K., Biruma, M., & Deom, C. M. (2010). Overview of groundnuts research in Uganda: Past, present, and future. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9, 6448–6459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okello, D. K., Okori, P., Puppala, N., Boris, B. U., Deom, C. M., Ininda, J., … Asekenye, C. (2015). Groundnut Seed Production Manual for Uganda. National Agricultural Research Organisation Entebbe, Uganda, January 2015. Retrieved from http://pmil.caes.uga.edu/documents/UGA203/Publication_UGA203_Deom_FY2015_GroundnutSeedProductionManualforUganda-Okello.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Okello, D. K., Deom, C. M., Puppala, N., Monyo, E., & Bravo-Ureta, B. (2018). Registration of ‘Serenut 6T’Groundnut. Journal of Plant Registrations, 12, 43–47. doi:10.3198/jpr2017.03.0016crc
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Laughlin, B. (2007). A bigger piece of a very small pie: Intrahousehold resource allocation and poverty reduction in Africa. Development and Change, 38, 21–44. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00401.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orr, A., Tsusaka, T. W., Homann-KeeTui, S., & Msere, H. W. (2014). What do we mean by ‘Women’s Crops’? A Mixed Methods Approach (No. 23). ICRISAT SocioEconomics Discussion Paper Series. Retrieved from http://oar.icrisat.org/8331/
   Google Scholar
• Oseni, G., Corral, P., Goldstein, M., & Winters, P. (2015). Explaining gender differentials in agricultural production in Nigeria. Agricultural Economics, 46, 285–310. doi:10.1111/agec.12166
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palacios-Lopez, A., Christiaensen, L., & Kilic, T. (2015). How much of the labor in African agriculture is provided by women? Food Policy, 67, 52–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterman, A., Quisumbing, A., Behrman, J., & Nkonya, E. (2011). Understanding the complexities surrounding gender differences in agricultural productivity in Nigeria and Uganda. Journal of Development Studies, 47, 1482–1509. doi:10.1080/00220388.2010.536222
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quisumbing, A., Payongayong, E., Aidoo, J. B., & Otsuka, K. (2001). Women’s land rights in the transition to individualized ownership: Implications for the management of tree resources in western Ghana. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 50, 157–182. doi:10.1086/340011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinning, M., Hahn, M., & Bauer, T. K. (2008). The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition for Nonlinear regression models. The Stata Journal: Promoting Communications on Statistics and Stata, 8, 480–492. doi:10.1177/1536867X0800800402
   Google Scholar
• Tiruneh, A., Testfaye, T., Mwangi, W., & Verkuijl, H. (2001). Gender differentials in agricultural production and decision-making among smallholders in Ada, Lume, and Gimbichu woredas of the central highlands of Ethiopia. Mexico: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center and Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Udry, C. (1996). Gender, agricultural production, and the theory of the household. Journal of Political Economy, 104, 1010–1046. doi:10.1086/262050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udry, C., Hoddinott, J., Alderman, H., & Haddad, L. (1995). Gender differentials in farm productivity: Implications for household efficiency and agricultural policy. Food Policy, 20, 407–423. doi:10.1016/0306-9192(95)00035-D
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanjala, B. M. (2014). Gendered Asset Inequalities in Africa. Development, 57, 472–480. doi:10.1057/dev.2015.26
   Google Scholar
• World Bank, FAO, IFAD. (2009).The gender and agriculture sourcebook. Module 12 – Gender in crop agriculture. World Bank. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGENAGRLIVSOUBOOK/Resources/CompleteBook.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., Sharpe, R. V., Li, S., & Darity, W. A. (2016). Wage differentials between urban and rural-urban migrant workers in China. China Economic Review, 41, 222–233. doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2016.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar