Characterization and Chemical Composition of the Volatile Oils from Aerial Parts of Eryngium bungei Bioss. (Apiaceae) by Using Traditional Hydrodistillation, Microwave Assisted Hydrodistillation and Head Space Solid Phase Microextraction Methods Prior to GC and GC/MS Analyses: A Comparative Approach

References

• Mozaffarian, V. (1996). A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names, Farhang Moaser, Tahran.
   Google Scholar
• http://www.websters-dictionary-online.org/definitions/Eryngium.
   Google Scholar
• Flamini, G., Tebano, M., Cioni, P.L. (2008). Composition of the essential oils from leafy parts of the shoots, flowers and fruits of Eryngium amethystinum from Amiata Mount (Tuscany, Italy). Food Chem. 107: 671–674. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.064
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thi, N.D.T., Anh, T.H., Thach, L.N. (2008). The essential oil composition Eryngium foetidum L. in south Veitnam extracted by hydrodistillation under conventional heating and microwave irradiation. J. Essent. Oil Bearing Plant, 11: 154–161. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2008.10643612
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thakuri, B.C., Chanotiya, C.S., Padalia, R.C., Mathela, C.S. (2006). Leaf Essential Oil of Eryngium foetidum L. from Far Western Nepal. J. Essent. Oil Bearing Plant, 9: 251–256. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2006.10643499
   Google Scholar
• Hashemabadi, D., Kaviani, B., Erfatpour, M., Larijani, K. (2010). Comparison of essential oils compositions of eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv.) at different growth phases by hydrodistillation method. Plant Omics J. 3: 135–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea, Vol. 2, Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pala-Paul, J., Perez-Alonso, M.J., Velasco-Negueruela, A., Varade, J., Villa, A.M., Sanz, J., Brophy, J.J. (2005). Analysis of the essential oil composition from the different parts of Eryngium glaciale Boiss. from Spain. J. Chromatogr. A 1094: 179–182. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaniv, Z., Dafni, A., Friedman, J., Palevitch, D. (1987). Plants used for the treatment of diabetes in Israel. J. Ethnopharmacol. 19: 145–151. doi: 10.1016/0378-8741(87)90038-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Khalil, S. (1994). Phytochemistry of Eryngium creticum. Alex. J. Pharm. Sci. 8: 73–75.
   Google Scholar
• Menges, E.S., Kimmich, J. (1996). Microhabitat and time since fire: effects on demography of Eryngium cuneifolium (Apiaceae), a Florida scrub endemic plant. Am. J. Bot. 83: 185–191. doi: 10.2307/2445937
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leclercq, P.A., Dung, N.X., Lo, V.N., Toanh, N.V. (1992). Essential oil of Eryngium L. species from New South Wales (Australia). J. Essent. Oil Res. 4: 423–424.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, K.C., Feng, M.C., Sam, T.W., Tan, G.L. (1994). Composition of the leaf and root oil of Eryngium foetidum L. J. Essent. Oil Res. 6: 369–374. doi: 10.1080/10412905.1994.9698401
   Google Scholar
• Pino, J.A., Rosado, A., Fuentes, V. (1997). Chemical composition of the seed oil of Eryngium foetidum L. from Cuba. J. Essent. Oil Res. 9: 123–124. doi: 10.1080/10412905.1997.9700731
   Google Scholar
• Pino, J.A., Rosado, A., Fuentes, V. (1997). Composition of the leaf oil of Eryngium foetidum L. from Cuba. J. Essent. Oil Res. 9: 467–468. doi: 10.1080/10412905.1997.9700751
   Google Scholar
• Martins, A.P., Salgueiro, L.R., da Cunha, A.P.a., Vila, R., Canigueral, S., Tomi, F., Casanova, J. (2003). Essential oil composition of Eryngium foetidum from S.Tome e Principe. J. Essent. Oil Res. 15: 93–95. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2003.9712077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobos, M.I., Rodrýguez, J.L., de Petre, A., Spahn, E., Casemeiro, J., Lopez, A.G., Zygadlo, J.A. (2002). Composition of the essential oil of Eryngium paniculatum CAV. J. Essent. Oil Res. 14: 82–83. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2002.9699777
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brophy, J.J., Goldsack, R.J., Copeland, L.M., Pala-Paul, J. (2003). Essential oil of Eryngium L. species from New South Wales (Australia). J. Essent. Oil Res. 15: 392–397. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2003.9698619
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sefidkon, F., Dabiri, M., Alamshahi, A. (2004). Chemical composition of the essential oil of Eryngium billardieri F. Delaroche from Iran. J. Essent. Oil Res. 16: 42–44. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2004.9698648
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pala-Paul, J., Perez-Alonso, M.J., Velasco-Negueruela, A., Varade, J., Villa, M.A., Sanz, J., Brophy, J.J. (2005). Essential oil composition of the different parts of Eryngium bourgatii Gouan from Spain. J. Chromatogr. A 1074: 235–239. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganzler, K., Salgo, A., Valko, K. (1986). Microwave extraction: a novel sample preparation method for chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 371: 299–306. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94714-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H.W., Liu, Y.Q., Wei, S.L., Yan, Z.J., Lu, K. (2010). Comparison of microwave-assisted and conventional hydrodistillation in the extraction of essential oils from Mango (Mangifera indica L.) flowers. Molecules 15: 7715–7723. doi: 10.3390/molecules15117715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arthur, C.L., Pawliszyn, J. (1990). Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers. Anal. Chem. 62: 2145–2148. doi: 10.1021/ac00218a019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pawliszyn, J. (Ed.) (1999). Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction, RSC, Cambridge, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Pawliszyn, J. (2003). Sample preparation: Quo Vadis? (Review). Anal. Chem. 75: 2543–2558. doi: 10.1021/ac034094h
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zini, C.A., Augusto, F., Christensen, E., Smith, B.P., Caramao, E.B., Pawliszyn, J. (2001). Monitoring biogenic volatile compounds emitted by Eucalyptus citriodora using SPME. Anal. Chem. 73: 4729–4735. doi: 10.1021/ac0103219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setkova, L., Risticevic, S., Pawliszyn, J. (2007). Rapid headspace solid-phase microextraction- gas chromatographic-time-of-flight mass spectrometric method for qualitative profiling of ice wine volatile fraction - I. Method development and optimization. J. Chromatogr. A 1147: 213–223. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, S., Tanb, S., Ouyangc, G., Jianga, S., Pawliszyn, J. (2009). Headspace solid-phase micro- extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Eupatorium odoratum extract as an oviposition repellent. J. Chromatogr.B 877: 1901–1906. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• British Pharmacopoeia HMSO. (1998). 2: A137-A138, London.
   Google Scholar
• Adams, R.P. (2001). Identification of Essential Oils Components by Gas Chromatography/Quadrapole Mass Sectrometry, Allured Publishing Corporation, Illinois, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Adams, R.P. (2007). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Allured Pubishing Co., Carol Stream, IL., USA.
   Google Scholar
• Capetanos, C., Saroglour, V., Marinz, P.D., Simic, A., Skaltsa, H.D. (2007). Essential oil analysis of two endemic Eryngium species from Serbia. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 72: 961–965. doi: 10.2298/JSC0710961C
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayoub, N., Al-Azizi, M., Konig, W., Kubeczka, K.H. (2006). Essential oils and a novel poly- acetylene from Eryngium yuccifolium Michaux. (Apiaceae). Flav. Fragr. J. 21: 864–868. doi: 10.1002/ffj.1631
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assadian, F., Masoudi, S., Nematollahi, F., Rustaiyan, A., Larijani, K., Mazloomifar, H. (2005). Volatile constituents of Xanthogalum purpurascens ave-lall., Eryngium caeruleum m.b. and Pimpinella aurea DC. three Umbelliferae herbs growing in Iran. J. Essent. Oil Res. 17: 243–245. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2005.9698889
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pala-Paul, J., Brophy, J.J., Goldsack, R.J., Copeland, L.M., Perez-Alonso, M.J., Velasco-Negueruela, A. (2003). Essential oil composition of the seasonal heterophyllous leaves of Eryngium vesiculosum from Australia. Aust. J. Bot. 51: 497–501. doi: 10.1071/BT03030
   Google Scholar
• Morteza-Semnani, K. (2005). Essential oil composition of Eryngium bungei Boiss. J. Essent. Oil Res. 17: 485–486. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2005.9698972
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar