Effect of Time Distillation on Chemical Constituents and Anti-Diabetic Activity of the Essential Oil from Dark Green Parts of Egyptian Allium ampeloprasum L.

References

• Fenwick, G.R. and Hanley, A.B. (1990). Chemical composition: Florida: USA.
   Google Scholar
• Garlic and Health Group. (2007). Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology.
   Google Scholar
• Whitemore, B.B. and Naidu, A.S. (2000).Thiosulfinates: Florida: USA.
   Google Scholar
• Garg, S.C. and Dengre, S.I. (1998). Antifungal efficacy of some essential oils. Pharmazie. 43: 141–142.
   Google Scholar
• Bidlack, W.R., Omaye, S.T., Meskin, M.S. and Topham, D.W. (2000).Phytochemicals as Bioactive Agents: Technomic publishing company: Lancaster.
   Google Scholar
• Inouye, S., Uchida, K., Yamaguchi, H., Miyara, T., Gomi, S. and Amano, M. (2001).Volatile aroma constituents of three Labiatae herbs growing wild in the Karakoram Himalaya district and their antifungal activity by vapour contact. J. Essent. Oil Res. 13: 68–72. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2001.9699610
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giordani, R., Trebaux, J., Masi, M. and Regli, P. (2001). Enhanced antifungal activity of ketoconazole by Euphorbia characias latex against Candida albicans. J. Ethnopharmacol. 78: 1–5. doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00295-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, S. and Kang, C.A. (2003). Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Agastache rugosa Kuntze and its synergism with ketoconazole. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 36: 111–115. doi: 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01271.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karan, D., Vu kojeviã, J., Miliãeviã, D., Ljajeviã - Grbiã, M. and Jan - koviã, V. (2005). Presence of moulds and mycotoxins in spices. Matica Srpska Proceedings for Natural Science. 108: 77–85. doi: 10.2298/ZMSPN0508077K
   Google Scholar
• Corzo - Martinez, M., Corzo, N. and Villamiel, M. (2007). Biological properties of onions and garlic. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 18: 609–625. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.07.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skaltsa, H.D., Demetzos, C., Lazari, D. and Sokovic, M. (2003). Essential oil analysis and antimicrobial activity of eight Stachys species from Greece. Phytochemistry. 64: 743–752. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00386-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yayli, N., Yasar, A., Y_skender, N., Cansu, T.B., Coskunçelebi, K., Karaoglu, S. (2010). Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from Sedum pallidum var. bithynicum and S. spurium grown in Turkey. Pharm. Biol. 48: 191–194. doi: 10.3109/13880200903074627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yayli, N., Yasar, A., Yaylý, N., Albay, C., Asamaz, Y., Çoskunçelebi, K. and Karaoglu, S. (2009). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Centaurea appendicigera and Centaurea helenioides. Pharm. Biol. 47: 7–12. doi: 10.1080/13880200802397970
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yayli, N., Yasar A., Güleç, C., Usta A., Kolaylý S., Coskunçelebi K., Karaoglu S. (2005). Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Centaurea sessilis and Centaurea armena. Phytochemistry. 66: 1741–1745. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.04.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cansum, T.B., Yücel, M., Sinek, K., Baltacý, C., Karaoglu, S. and Yaylý, N. (2011). Microwave assisted essential oil analiysis and antimicrobial activity of Myosotis alpestris subsp. alpestris. Asian J. Chem. 23: 1029–1031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, R.P. (2001). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry. Carol Stream IL: USA.
   Google Scholar
• Van den Dool, H. and Kratz, P.D. (1963). A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas–liquid partition chromatography. Journal of Chromatography. 11: 463–471. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80947-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trinder, P. (1969). Ann. Clin. Biochem. 6: 24. doi: 10.1177/000456326900600108
   Google Scholar
• Knight, J.A., Anderson, S. and Rawle, J.M. (1972). Chemical basis of the sulfo-phosphovanillin reaction for the estimation of total serum lipids. J. Clin. Chem. 18(3): 199–202.
   Google Scholar
• Allain, C.C., Poon, L.S., Chan, C.S., Richmond, W. and Fu, P.C. (1974). Enzymatic determination of the total serum cholesterol. J. Clin. Chem. 20: 470–475.
   Google Scholar
• Fossati, p. and Prencipe, L. (1982).Serum triglycerides determined calorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. J. Clin. Chem. 28(10): 2077–2080.
   Google Scholar
• Castelli, W.P., Doyle, J.T., Gordon, T., Hames, C.G., Hjortland, M.C., Hulley, S.B., Kagan, A. and Zukel, W.J. (1977). HDL Cholesterol and Other Lipids in Coronary Heart Disease: The Cooperative Lipoprotein Phenotyping Study. Circulation. 55(5): 767–772. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.55.5.767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esterbauer, H. and Cheeseman, K.H. (1990). Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products: malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. Methods Enzymology. 186: 407–421. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(90)86134-H
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habig, W.H., Pabst, M.J. and Jakoby, W.B. (1974). Glutathione S-transferase, the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem. 249: 7130–7139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, J.B., Yuan, X.F. and Lang, P.Z. (1997). Determination of catalase activity and catalase inhibition by ultraviolet spectrophotometery. Chinese Environ. Chem. 16: 73–76.
   Google Scholar
• Minami, M. and Yoshikawa, H. (1979). A simplified assay method of superoxide dismutase. Clinica Acta. 92: 337. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(79)90211-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellman, G.L. (1959). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 214–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arunachalam, k. and Parimelazhagan, T. (2012). Antidiabetic activity of aqueous root extract of Merremia tridentata (L.) Hall. f. in treptozotocin–induced–diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 3(5): 175–179. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(12)60020-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirwaikar, A., Rajendran, K. and Barik, R. (2006). Effect of aqueous bark extract of Garuga pinnata Roxb. Instreptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type II diabetes mellitus. J Ethnopharmacol. 107: 285–290. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arvind, K., Pradeep, R., Deepa, R. and Mohan, V. (2002). Diabetes and coronary artery diseases. Indian J Med Res. 116: 163–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, S., Kumar, V. and Prakash, O. (2011a). Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Dillenia indica (L.) leaves extract. Braz J Pharm Sci. 47(2): 1–6. doi: 10.1590/S1984-82502011000200018
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, S., Kumar, V. and Prakash, O. (2011b). Pharmacological evaluation of fractioned extract of Callistemon lanceolatus for antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities in diabetic rats. J Pharm Allied Health Sci. 1: 1–6. doi: 10.3923/jpahs.2011.1.15
   Google Scholar
• Rangachari, B. and Savarimuthu, I. (2012). Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect of methanol-extract of Lippia nodiflora L. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2(1): 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J. (1995). Free radical in biology and medicine. J of laboratory and clinic med. 55: P.215.
   Google Scholar
• Chidambara Murthy, K.N., Jayaprakasha, G.K. and Singh, R.P. (2002). Studies on antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract using in vivo models. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 50: 4791–4795. doi: 10.1021/jf0255735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar