Microwave Drying Kinetics, Hypericin Content, Effective Moisture Diffusivity and Activation Energy of Hypericum perforatum L.

References

• Al-Harahsheh, M., Al-Muhtaseb, A.H. and Magee, T.R.A. (2009). Microwave drying kinetics of tomato pomace: Effect of osmotic dehydration. Chem. Eng. Process. 48: 524–531.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alibas, I. (2006). Characteristics of chard leaves during microwave, convective, and combined microwave-convective drying. Drying Technol. 24(1): 1425–1435.
   Google Scholar
• Alibas, I. (2010). Determination of drying parameters, ascorbic acid and color characteristics of nettle leaves during microwave-, air-and combined microwave-air-drying. J. Food Process Eng. 33(2): 213–233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alibas-Ozkan, I., Akbudak, B. and Akbudak, N. (2007). Microwave drying characteristics of spinach. J. Food Eng. 78(2): 577–583.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balbay, A., Sahin, Ö. and Karabatak, M. (2011). An investigation of drying process of shelled pistachio in a newly designed fixed bed dryer system by using artificial neural network. Drying Technol. 29: 1685–1696.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilia, A.R., Gallori, S. and Vincieri, F.F. (2002). St. John’s Wort and depression Efficacy, safety and tolerability-an update. Life Sci. 70: 3077–3096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boots, A.W., Haenen, G.R. and Bast, A. (2008). Health effects of quercetin: from antioxidant to nutraceutical. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 585: 325–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briskin, D.P. (2000). Medicinal plants and phytomedicines. Linking plant biochemistry and physiology to human health. Plant Physiol. 124: 507–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Büter, K.B. and Büter, B. (2002). Ontogenetic variation regarding hypericin and hyperforin levels in four accessions of H.perforatum L. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants. 9(2/3): 95–100.
   Google Scholar
• Çirak, C., Saglam, B., Ayan, A.K. and Kevseroðlu, K. (2006). Morphogenetic and diurnal variation of hypericin in some Hypericum species from Turkey during the course of ontogenesis. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 34: 1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dadali, G., Demirhan, E. and Ozbek, B. (2007). Microwave heat treatment of spinach: drying kinetics and effective moisture diffusivity. Drying Technol. 25(10): 1703–1712.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darvishi, H., Khoshtaghaza, M.H. and Minaei, S. (2014). Drying kinetics and colour change of lemon slices. Int. Agrophys. 28: 1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirhan, E. and Ozbek, B. (2011). Thin-layer drying characteristics and modeling of celery leaves undergoing microwave treatment. Chem. Eng. Commun. 7(198): 957–975.
   Google Scholar
• Doymaz, Ý. (2012). Evaluation of some thin-layer drying models of persimmon slices (Diospyros kaki L.). Energy Convers. Manage. 56: 199–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evin, D. (2012). Thin layer drying kinetics of GundeliatournefortiiL. Food Bioprod. Process. 90: 323–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundman, O., Kelber, Y.L.O. and Butterweck, V. (2010). Mechanism of St. John’s Wort extract (STW3-VI) during chronic restraint stress is mediated by the interrelationship of the immune, oxidative defense, and neuroendocrine system. Neuropharmacol. 58: 767–773.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaçar, O., Göksu, E. and Azkan, N. (2008). Effects of Morphogenetic and Diurnal Variability on the Hypericin Content in St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perferatum L.). Afr. J. Biotechnol. 7(13): 2163–2168.
   Google Scholar
• Kalogeropoulos, N., Yannakopoulou, K., Gioxari, A., Chiou, A. and Markis, D.P. (2010). Polyphenol characterization and encapsulation in b-cyclodextrin of a flavonoid-rich Hypericum perforatum (St John’s wort) extract. LWT Food Sci. Technol. 43: 882–889.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z., Raghavan, G.S.V. and Orsat, V. (2010). Optimal power control strategies in microwave drying. J. Food Eng. 99: 263–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, J. and Heindl, A. (2006). Drying of medicinal plants. In: Aromatic Plants (Eds R.J. Bogers, L.E. Craker, D. Lange)., eds. Springer Press, Netherland. 237–252.
   Google Scholar
• Özbek, B. and Dadali, G. (2007). Thin-layer drying characteristics and modeling of mint leaves undergoing microwave treatment. J. Food Eng. 83: 541–549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qaas, F. and Schiele, E. (2001). Impact of energy costs on the profitability in the drying operation. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 6(3): 144–145.
   Google Scholar
• Römpp, H., Seger, C., Kaiser, C.S., Haslinger, E. and Schmidt, P.C. (2004). Enrichment of hyperforin from St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) by pilot-scale supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 21: 443–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo, E., Scicchitano, F., Whalley, B.J., Mazzitello, C., Ciriaco, M., Esposito, S., Patanè, M., Upton, R., Pugliese, M., Chimirri, S., Mammi, M., Palleria, C. and Darro, G.D. (2014). Hypericum perforatum: pharmacokinetic, mechanism of action, tolerability, and clinical drug-drug interactions. Phytother. Res. 28: 643–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarimeseli, A. (2011). Microwave drying characteristics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaves. Energy Convers. Manage. 52: 1449–1453.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soysal, Y. (2004). Microwave drying characteristics of parsley. Biosystems Eng. 89(2): 167–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walde, S.G., Balaswamy, K., Velu, V. and Rao, D.G. (2002). Microwave drying and grinding characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum). J. Food Eng. 55(3): 271–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, S.Y., Juang, S.H., Tsai, S.Y., Chao, P.D.L. and Hou, Y.C. (2012). St. John’s Wort significantly increased the systemic exposure and toxicity of methotrexate in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 263: 39–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanoli, P. (2004). Role of hyperforin in the pharmacological activities of St. John’s Wort. CNS Drug Rev. 10(3): 203–218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zobayed, S.M.A., Murcha, S.J., Rupasinghe, H.P.V. and Saxena, P.K. (2004). In vitro production and chemical characterization of St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L. cv ‘New Stem’). Plant Sci. 166: 333–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zobayed, S.M.A., Afreen, F. and Kozai, T. (2007). Phytochemical and physiological changes in the leaves of St. John’s Wort plants under a water stress condition. Environ. Exp. Bot. 59: 109–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar