60
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Effect of Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) Essential Oil on Energy Reserves and Biomarkers in Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Tebessa (Algeria)

, &
Pages 1082-1095 | Received 24 Jan 2018, Accepted 25 Jun 2018, Published online: 23 Oct 2018

References

  • Abdul Razak, T., Sivasubramanian, P. (2007). Effect of three botanical oils on carbohydrate content in Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens. Asian. J. Biochem. 2: 124–129. doi: 10.3923/ajb.2007.124.129
  • Adams, R.P. (2007). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry. Carol Stream, USA: Allured Publishing Corporation.
  • Adefeghaa, S.A., Oboha, G., Odubanjoa, T. and Ogunsuyia O.B. (2015). A comparative study on the antioxidative activities, anticholinesterase properties and essential oil composition of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) bud and Ethiopian pepper (Xylopia aethiopica). La rivista italiana delle sostanze grasse. 92: 257–286.
  • Amer, A. and Mehlhorn, H. (2006a). Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. Parasitol Res. 99: 478–490. doi: 10.1007/s00436-006-0184-1
  • Amer, A. and Mehlhorn, H. (2006b). The sensilla of Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes and their importance in repellency. Parasitol Res. 99: 491–499. doi: 10.1007/s00436-006-0185-0
  • Amer, A. and Mehlhorn, H. (2006c). Larvicidal effects of various essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex larvae (Diptera, Culicidae). Parasitol Res. 99(4): 466–72. doi: 10.1007/s00436-006-0182-3
  • Anderson, M.E. (1997). Glutathione and glutathione delivery compounds. Adv. Pharmacol. 38: 65–78. doi: 10.1016/S1054-3589(08)60979-5
  • Anonym, (1983). Informal consultation on insect growth regulators, WHO/VBC/83.
  • Anuradha, A., Annadurai, R.S. and Shashidhara, L.S. (2007). Actin cytoskeleton as a putative target of the neem limnoid azadirachtin A. Insect. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 37: 627–634. doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.03.009
  • Atti-Santos, A.C., Pansera, M.R., Paroul, N., Atti-Serafini, L. and Moyna, P. (2004). Seasonal Variation of Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) from South Brazil. J. Essent. Oil. Res. 16(4): 294–295. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2004.9698724
  • Bandeira, G.N., Augusto Gomes da Camara, C., Martins de Moraes, M., Barros, R., Muhammad, S. and Akhtar, Y. (2013). Insecticidal activity of Muntingia calabura extracts against larvae and pupae of diamondback, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae). J. King. Saud .Univ. Sci. 25: 83–89. doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2012.08.002
  • Belaqziz, R., Harrak, R., Romane, A., Oufdou, K. and El Alaoui ElFels, M.A. (2010). Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activities of the Endemic Thymus broussonetti Boiss. and Thymus maroccanus Ball. Rec. Nat. Prod. 4: 230–237.
  • Benayache, F., Boureghda, A., Ameddah, S., Marchioni, E., Benayache, F. and Benayache, S. (2014). Flavonoids from Thymus numidicus Poiret. Pharm. Lett. 6 (2): 50.
  • Borgsteede, F.H.M. (1969). Protein changes in the haemolymph of Pieris brassicae during the last larval instars and the beginning of the pupal stage. J. Insect. Physiol. 15: 1687–1693. doi: 10.1016/0022-1910(69)90189-9
  • Borugã, O., Jianu, C., Miscã, C., Golet, I., Gruia, A.T. and Horhat, F.G. (2014). Thymus vulgaris essential oil: chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. J. Med. Life. 3: 56–60.
  • Bouaziz, A., Boudjelida, H., and Soltani, N. (2011). Toxicity and perturbation of the metabolite contents by a chitin synthesis inhibitor in the mosquito larvae of Culiseta longiareolata. An. Biol. Res. 2(3): 134–142
  • Boudjelida, H., Bouaziz, A., Soin, T., Smagghe, G. and Soltani, N. (2005). Effects of ecdysone agonist halofenozide against Culex pipiens. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 83(2/3): 115–123. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2005.04.003
  • Bradford, M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72: 248–254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
  • British pharmacopoeia, (1988). London: HMSO 2, A137-A138.
  • Chapman, R.F. (1998). The insects structure and function fourth ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 782.
  • Chippendale, G.M. (1970). Metamorphic changes In Fat body proteins of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella. J. Insect. Physiol. 16: 1057–1068. doi: 10.1016/0022-1910(70)90198-8
  • Clark, A.G., Shamaan, N.A., Sinclair, M.D. and Dauterman, W.C. (1986). Insecticide meta-bolism by multiple glutathione S-transferases in two strains of the house fly, Musca domestica (L.). Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 25:169–175. doi: 10.1016/0048-3575(86)90044-1
  • Dharmagadda, V.S.S., Naik, S.N., Mittal, P.K. and Vasudevan, P. (2005). Larvicidal activity of Tagetes patula essential oil against three mosquito species. Bioresour.Technol. 96: 1235–40. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.10.020
  • Domingues, I., Agra, A.R., Monaghan, K., Soares, A.M.V.M. and Nogueira, A.J.A. (2010). Cholinesterase and glutathione-s-transferase activities in freshwater invertebrates as biomarkers to assess pesticide contamination. Environ. Toxicol.Chem. 29(1): 5–18. doi: 10.1002/etc.23
  • Dob, T., Dahmane, D., Benabdelkader, T. and Chelghoum, C. (2006). Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Thymus fontanesi. Pharm. Biol. 44 (8): 607–612. doi: 10.1080/13880200600897106
  • Dris, D., Tine-Djebbar, F. and Soltani, N. (2017a). Lavandula dentata essential oils: chemical composition and larvicidal activity against Culiseta longiareolata and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). Afr. Entomol. 25(2): 387–394. doi: 10.4001/003.025.0387
  • Dris, D., Tine-Djebbar, F., Bouabida, H. and Soltani, N. (2017b). Chemical composition and activity of an Ocimum basilicum essential oil on Culex pipiens larvae: Toxicological, biometrical and biochemical aspects. S. Afr. J. Bot. 113: 362–369. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2017.09.013
  • Duchateau, G. and Florkin, M. (1959). Sur la tréhalosémie des insectes et sa signification. Arch. Insect. Biochem. Physiol. 67: 306–314.
  • El-Akhal, F., Greche, H., Ouazzani, C.F., Guemmouh, R. and El Ouali Lalami, A. (2015). Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of Culex pipiens essential oil of Thymus vulgaris grown in Morocco. J.M.E.S. 1: 214–9.
  • El-Akhal, F., Guemmouh, R., Maniar, S., Taghzouti, K. and El Ouali Lalami, A. (2016). Larvicidal activity of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum majorana (Lamiaceae) against of the malaria vector Anopheles labranchiae (Diptera: Culicidae). Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 8(3): 372–376.
  • EL Kady, A.G., Kamel, H.N., Mosleh, Y.Y. and Bahght, I.M. (2008). Comparative toxicity of two bio-insecticides (Spinotoram and Vertemic) compared with methomyl against Culex pipiens and Anopheles multicolor. W.J.A.S. 4(2): 198–205.
  • Ellman, G.L., Courtney, K.D., Andres, V. and Featherstone, R.M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetic determination of acetylcholesterase activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 7: 88–95. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9
  • El-Wakeil, N.E. (2013). Botanical Pesticides and Their Mode of Action. Gesunde Pflanzen. 65: 125–149. doi: 10.1007/s10343-013-0308-3
  • Fields, R.D. and Burnstock, G. (2006). Purinergic signalling in neuronglia interactions. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7(6): 423–436. doi: 10.1038/nrn1928
  • Ghosh, A., Chowdhury, N. and Chandra, G. (2012). Plant extracts as potential mosquito larvicides. Indian.J.Med.Res. 135: 581–598.
  • Gnanamani R. and Dhanasekaran, S. (2017). Efficacy of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract on the Biochemical Estimation of a Lepidopteran Pest Pericallia ricini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). World. Appl. Sci. J. 35 (2): 177–181.
  • Goldsworthy, A.C., Mordue, W. and Guthkelch, J. (1972). Studies on insect adipokinetic hormones. Gen.Comp.Endocrinol. 18: 306–314. doi: 10.1016/0016-6480(72)90034-2
  • Habes, D., Kilani-Morakchi, S., Aribi, N., Farine, J.P., Soltani, N. (2006). Boric acid toxicity to the German cockroach, Blattella germanica: alterations in midgut structure, and acetylcholin-esterase and glutathion S-transferase activity. Pest. Biochem. Physiol. 84: 17–24. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2005.05.002
  • Habig, W.H., Pabst, M.J. and Jakoby, W.B. (1974). Glutathione S-Tranferases: the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem. 249: 7130–7139.
  • Haubruge, É. and Amichot, M. (1998). Les mécanismes responsables de la résistance aux insecticides chez les insectes et les acariens. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. 2(3): 161–174.
  • Hemingway, J., Hawkes, N.J., McCaroll, L. and Ranson, H. (2004). The molecular basis of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Insect. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34: 653–665. doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.03.018
  • Houmani, Z., Azzoudj, S., Naxakis, G. and Skoula, M. (2002). The essential oil composition of Algerian Zaatar: Origanum ssp. and Thymus ssp. J. Herbs. Spices. Med. Plants. 9: 275–280. doi: 10.1300/J044v09n04_03
  • Hu, Z., Chen, Z., Yin, Z., Jia, R., Song, X., Li, L., Zou, Y., Liang, X., Li, L., He, C., Yin, L., Lv, C., Zhao, L., Su, G., Ye, G. and Shi, F. (2015). In vitro acaricidal activity of 1,8-cineole against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi and regulating effects on enzyme activity. Parasitol. Res. 114 (8): 2959–2967. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4498-8
  • Huang, Z., Shi, P., Dai, J. and Du, J. (2004). Protein metabolism in Spodoptera litura (F.) is influenced by the botanical insecticide azadirachtin. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 80: 85–93. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2004.07.001
  • Isman, M.B. (2000). Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop. Prot. 19: 603–608. doi: 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00079-X
  • Isman, M.B. (2001). Pesticides based on plant essential oils for management of plant pests and diseases. In: International Symposium on Development of Natural Pesticides from Forest Resources. Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 1–9.
  • Jennings, W. and Shibamoto, T. (1980). Qualitative analysis of flavour and fragrance volatile by glass capillary gas chromatography. New York: Academic Press.
  • Jing, T.X., Wu, Y.X., Li, T., Wei, D.D., Smagghe, G.G. and Wang, J.J. (2017). Identification and expression profiles of fifteen delta-class glutathione S-transferase genes from a stored-product pest, Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. 206: 35–41. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.01.008
  • Kaufmann, C.C. and Brown, C. (2008). Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and flight performance by a hyper trehalosaemic hormone in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. J. Insect. Physiol. 54: 367–377. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.10.007
  • Khosravi, R. and Sendi, J.J. (2010). Biology and demography of Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on mulberry. J. Asia-Pacific. Entomol. 13: 273–276. doi: 10.1016/j.aspen.2010.04.005
  • Kouache, B., Brada, M., Saadi, A., Fauconnier, M.L., Lognay, G. and Heuskin, S. (2017). Chemical Composition and Acaricidal Activity of Thymus algeriensis Essential Oil against Varroa destructor. Nat. Prod. Commun. 12: 1–4.
  • Lopez, M.D. and Pascual-Villalobos, M.J. (2010). Mode of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by monoterpenoids and implications for pest control. Ind. Crops. Prod. 31(2): 284–288. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.11.005
  • Macedo, M.L.R., Freire, M.G.M., Silva, M.B.R. and Coelho, L.C.B.B. (2007). Insecticidal action of Bauhinia monandra leaf lectin (Bmoll) against Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Zabrotes subfasciatus and Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 146A: 486–498. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.01.020
  • Madaci, B., Merghem, R., Doumandji, B. and Soltani, N. (2008). Effet du Nerium oleander, laurier-rose, (Apocynacees) sur le taux des protéines, l’activité de l’AChE et les mouvements des vers blancs Rhizotrogini, (Colepoptera : Scarabaeidae). Sci. Technol. 73–78.
  • Maiza, A., Aribi N., Smagghe, G., Kilani-Morakchi, S., Bendjedid, M. and Soltani, N. (2013). Sublethal effects on reproduction and biomarkers by spinosad and indoxacarb in cock-roaches Blattella germanica. Bull. Insectology. 66 (1): 11–20.
  • Maurya, P., Sharma, P., Mohan, L., Batabyal, L. and Srivastava, C.N. (2009). Evaluation of the toxicity of different phytoextracts of Ocimum basilicum against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. J. Asia-Pacific. Entomol. 12(2): 113–115. doi: 10.1016/j.aspen.2009.02.004
  • Morales, R. (2002). The history, botany and taxonomy of the genus Thymus. In E. Stahl-Biskup & F. Saez (Eds.). Thyme: The genus Thymus. Medicinal and aromatic plants-Industrial profiles London: Taylor & Francis 13, ISBN: 978-0-203-21685-9.
  • Msaada, K., Salem, N., Tammar, S., Hammami, M., Saharkhiz, M.J., Debiche, N., Limam, F. and Marzouk, B. (2012). Essential oil composition of Lavandula dentata, L. stoechas and L. multifida cultivated in Tunisia. J. Essent. Oil. Bearing Plants. 15(6): 1030–1039. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2012.10662608
  • Mukandiwa, L., Eloff, J.N. and Naidoo, V. (2012). Screening of plants used traditionally to treat myiasis for effect on the survival and development of Lucilia Cuprina and Chrysomya Marginalis (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Vet. Parasitol. 190: 566–572. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.06.027
  • Murugan, K., Mahesh Kumar, P., Kovendan, K., Amerasan, D., Subrmaniam, J. and Hwang, J.S. (2012). Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol. Res. 111(4): 1757–69. doi: 10.1007/s00436-012-3021-8
  • Nasr, M., Sendi, J.J., Moharramipour, S. and Zibaee, A. (2017). Evaluation of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil as a source of toxicant and an inhibitor of physiological parameters in diamondback moth, Plutella xylustella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J. Saud. Soc. Agr. Sci. 16(2): 184-190.
  • Palanikumar, L., Kumaraguru, A.K., Ramakritinan, C.M. and Anand, M. (2012b). Bio-chemical response of anthracene and benzo [a] pyrene in milkfish Chanos chanos. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 75: 187–197. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.08.028
  • Paris-Palacios, S., Biagianti-Risbourg, S. and Vernet, G. (2000). Metallothionein analyzed in liver of Rutilus rulilus exposed to Cu with three methods: metal sumrnation, SH determination and original spectrofluorimetric method. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Cl26: 122–133.
  • Park, Y.U., Koo, H.N. and Kim, G.H. (2012). Chemical composition, larvicidal action, and adult repellency of Thymus magnus against Aedes albopictus. J. Am. Mosq.Control. Assoc. 28: 192–8. doi: 10.2987/12-6250R.1
  • Pitarokili, D., Michaelakis, A., Koliopoulos, G., Giatropoulos, A. and Tzakou, O. (2011). Chemical composition, larvicidal evaluation, and adult repellency of endemic Greek Thymus essential oils against the mosquito vector of West Nile virus. Parasitol. Res. 109: 425–430. doi: 10.1007/s00436-011-2271-1
  • Popovic, A., Šucur, J., Orèic, D., Štrbac, P. (2013). Effects of essential oil formulations on the adult insect Tribolium castaneum (herbst) (Col., Tenebrionidae). J.C.E.A. 14(2): 181–193.
  • Raghavendra, K. and Subbarao, S.K. (2002). Chemical insecticides in malaria control in India. ICMR Bulletin 32(10): 1–7.
  • Rajashekar, Y., Raghavendra, A. and Bakthavatsalam, N. (2014). Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by biofumigant (Coumaran) from leaves of Lantana camarain stored grain and household insect pests. J. Bio. Med Res. Int. 1–6.
  • Ramakoteswara, S., Chiia, K.C. and Kameshwara, P. (1991). Studies on the effect of certain plant extracts on the protein metabolism of Spodoptera litura (F.). Indian. J. Entomol. 57(4): 406–408.
  • Rattan, R.S. (2010). Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin. Crop. Protect. 29: 913–920. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.05.008
  • Rattanam, A.R., Wan, F.Z., Maniam, T., Sreeramanan, S. and Jeevandran, S. (2014). Larvicidal efficacy of different plant parts of Railway creeper, Ipomoea cairica extract against dengue vector mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Insect. Sci. 14(180): DOI:10.1093/jisesa/ieu042.
  • Rehimi, N. and Soltani, N. (1999). Laboratory évaluation of Alsystyn, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, against Culex pipiens pipiens L. (Dip., Culicidae): effets on development and cuticle secretion. J. Appl. Entomol. 123: 437–441. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0418.1999.00388.x
  • Rehimi, N. and Soltani, N. (2002). Laboratory evaluation of andalin, an insect growth regulator interfering with cuticle deposition, against mosquito larvae. Sci. Techn. Rev. 18, 106–110.
  • Rey, D., Cuany, A., Pautou, M.P. and Meyran, J.C. (1999). Differential sensitivity of mosquito taxa to vegetable tannins. J. Chem. Ecol. 25: 537–548. doi: 10.1023/A:1020953804114
  • Rodriguez, D.T.Y.C., Martínez Estrada, F.R., Flores Suarez, A.E., Waksman de Torres, N. and Salazar-Aranda, R. (2013). Larvicidal and cytotoxic activities of extracts from 11 native plants from North Eastern Mexico. J. Med. Entomol. 50: 310–3. doi: 10.1603/ME12056
  • Senthilkumar, N., Varma, P. and Gurusubramaniam, G. (2009). Larvicidal and adulticidal activities of some medicinal plants against the malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi (Liston). Parasitol. Res. 104: 237–244. doi: 10.1007/s00436-008-1180-4
  • Sharma, P., Mohan, L., Dua, K.K. and Srivastava, C.N. (2011). Status of carbohydrate, protein and lipid profile in the mosquito larvae treated with certain phytoextracts. Asian. Pac. J. Trop. Med. 301–304.
  • Shekari, M., Jalali Sendi, J., Etebari, K., Zibaee, A. and Shadparvar, A. (2008). Effects of Artemisia annua L. (Asteracea) on nutritional physiology and enzyme activities of elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola Mull. (Coleoptera: Chrysomellidae). Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 91: 66–74. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2008.01.003
  • Shibko, S., Koivistoinen, P., Tratnyek, C.A., Newhall, A.R. and Friedman, L. (1966). A method for sequential quantitative separation and determination of protein, RNA, DNA, Lipid, and Glycogen from a single rat liver homogenate or from a subcellular fraction. Anal. Biochem. 19: 514–528. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(67)90242-4
  • Smirle, M.J., Lowery, D.T. and Zurowski, C.L. (1996). Influence of neem oil on detoxication enzyme activity in the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 56: 220–230. doi: 10.1006/pest.1996.0075
  • Soltani-Mazouni, N., Hami, M. and Gramdi, H. (2012). Sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on reproduction of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia Kuehniella Zeller. Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. 56(2): 157–163. doi: 10.1080/07924259.2011.582695
  • Soltani, N., Amira, A., Sifi, K. and Beldi, H. (2012). Environmental monitoring of the Annaba gulf (Algeria): measurement of biomarkers in Donax trunculus and metallic pollution ecotoxicology. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 137(1–4): 47–56.
  • Sosan, M.B., Adewoyin, F.B. and Adewunmi, C.O. (2001). Larvicidal properties of three indigenous plant oils on the mosquito aedes aegypti. Niger. J. Nat. Prod. Med. 5: 30–33.
  • Stahl-Biskup, E. and Sáez, F. (2002). Essential oil chemistry of the genus Thymus. A global view. In: Thyme: The Genus Thymus. Edits., E. Stahl-Biskup and F. Sáez, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK.
  • Sturm, A., Worgam, J., Segner, H. and Liess, M. (2000). Different senitivity to organophosphate of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase from three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus vaculeatus): application on biomonotoring. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19: 1607–1617. doi: 10.1897/1551-5028(2000)019<1607:DSTOOA>2.3.CO;2
  • Suntres, Z.E. (2002). Role of antioxidants in paraquat toxicity. Toxicol. 180: 65–77. doi: 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00382-7
  • Szczepanik, M., Zawitowska, B. and Szumny, A. (2012). Insecticidal activities of Thymus vulgaris essential oil and its components (thymol and carvacrol) against larvae of lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Allelopathy. J. 30(1): 129–142.
  • Thomas, T.G., Rao, S., Lal, S. (2004). Mosquito larvicidal properties of essential oil of an indigenous plant, Ipomoea cairica Linn. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 57:176–177.
  • Tine-Djebbar, F., Bouabida, H. and Soltani, N. (2016). Répartition spatio-temporelle des Culicidés dans la région de Tébessa. Editions universitaires européennes. ISSN/ISBN : 978-3-639-50856-7.
  • Toma, L., Menegon, M., Romi, R., De Matthaeis, E., Montanaria, M. and Severini, C. (2011). Status of insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens field populations from north-eastern areas of Italy before the withdrawal of OP compounds. Pest. Manag. Sci. 67: 100–106. doi: 10.1002/ps.2039
  • Traboulsi, A.F., Taoubi, K., El-Haj, S., Bessiere, J.M. and Rammal, S. (2002). Insecticidal properties of essential plant oils against the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera: Culicidae). Pest. Manag. Sci. 58(5): 491–5. doi: 10.1002/ps.486
  • Valizadeh, B., Jalali Sendi, J., Zibaee, A. and Oftadeh, M. (2013). Effect of Neem based insecticide Achook® on mortality, biological and biochemical parameters of elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola (Col.: Chrysomelidae). J. Crop. Protect. 2(3): 319–330.
  • Van Der Geest, L.P.S. (1968). Effect of diets on the haemolymph proteins of larvae of Pieris brassicae. J. Insect. Physiol. 14: 537–542. doi: 10.1016/0022-1910(68)90069-3
  • Vanhaelen, N., Haubruge, E., Lognay, G. and Francis, F. (2001). Hoverfly glutathione S-transferases and effect of Brassicaceae secondary metabolites. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 71: 170–177. doi: 10.1006/pest.2001.2573
  • Varo, I., Navarro, J.C., Amat, F. and Guilhermino, L. (2001). Characterization of cholin-esterases and evaluation of the inhibitory potential of chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos to Artemia salina and Artemia parthenogenetica. Chemosphere. 48: 563–569. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00075-9
  • Vatandoost, H., Sanei Dehkordi, D.A., Sadeghi, S.M.T., Davari, B., Karimian, F., Abai, M.R. and Sedaghat, M.M. (2012). Identification of chemical constituents and larvicidal activity of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian essential oil against two mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). Exp. Parasitol. 132(4): 470–474. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.09.010
  • Vijayaraghavan, C., Sivakumar, C., Kavitha, Z. and Sivasubramanian, P. (2010). Effect of plant extracts on biochemical components of cabbage leaf webber, Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller. J. Biopestic. 3(1): 275–277.
  • Weckberker, G. and Cory, J.G. (1988). Ribonucleotide reductase activity and growth of gluta-thione-depleted mouse leukemia L1210 cells in vitro. Cancer. Lett. 40: 257–264. doi: 10.1016/0304-3835(88)90084-5
  • WHO, (1993). Biomarkers and Risk Assessment: Concepts and Principles. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • WHO, (2005). Guidelines for laboratory and field-testing of mosquito larvicides, Ref. WHO/ CDS/WHOPES/GCPP/ 13, 41p.
  • Yazdani, E., Jalali Sendi, J., Aliakbar, A. and Senthil-Nathan S. (2013). Effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against lesser mulberry pyralid Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lep: Pyralidae) and identification of its major derivatives. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 107: 250–257. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.08.002
  • Yu, S.J. (1999). Induction of new glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes by allelochemicals in the fall armyworm. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 63: 163–171. doi: 10.1006/pest.1999.2402
  • Yu, S.J. and Abo-Elghar, G.E. (2000). Allelo chemicals as inhibitors of glutathione S-transferase in the fall armyworm. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 68: 173-183. doi: 10.1006/pest.2000.2514

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.