Investigation of Essential Oil Chemical Polymorphism of Salvia fruticosa naturally Growing in Lebanon

References

• Mouterde, P. (1970). Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie,Tomes II. Distribution Librairie Orientale. Beyrouth, Liban.
   Google Scholar
• El Beyrouthy, M. (2009). Contribution à l’ethnopharmacologie libanaise et aux Lamiaceae du Liban. Résumé de thèse. Acta Bot. Gallica. 156(3): 515 doi: 10.1080/12538078.2009.10516175
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perfumi, M., Arnold, N. and Taccon, R. (1991). Hypoglycemic activity of Salvia Fruticosa Mill. from Cyprus. J. Ethnopharmacol. 34: 135-140. doi: 10.1016/0378-8741(91)90030-H
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gali-Muhtasib, H.U., Hilan, C. and Khater, C. (2000). Traditional uses of Salvia libanotica (East Mediterranean Sage) and the effects of its essential oils. J. Ethnopharmacol. 71: 513-20. doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00190-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yildirim, A., Mavi, A., Oktay, M., Kara, A.A., Algur, O.F. and Bilaloglu, V. (2000). Comparison of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Tilia (TiliaargenteaDesf Ex DC), sage (Salvia triloba L.) and black tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 5030-4. doi: 10.1021/jf000590k
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farhat, G.N., Affara, N.I. and Gali-Muhtasib, H.U. (2001). Seasonal changes in the composition of the essential oil extract of East Mediterranean sage (Salvia libanotica) and its toxicity in mice. Toxicon. 39: 1601–5. doi: 10.1016/S0041-0101(01)00143-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gali-Muhtasib, H.U. (2006). Anticancer and medicinal properties of essential oil and extracts of East Mediterranean sage (Salvia triloba). Advances in Phytomedicine. 2: 169–180. doi: 10.1016/S1572-557X(05)02010-6
   Google Scholar
• El Beyrouthy, M., Dhifi, W. and Arnold-Apostolides, N. (2013). Ethnopharmacological survey of the indigenous Lamiaceae from Lebanon. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 997: 257-275. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.997.33
   Google Scholar
• Khoury, M., Stien, D., Eparvier, V., Ouaini, N. and El Beyrouthy, M. (2016). Report on the medicinal use of eleven Lamiaceae species in Lebanon and rationalization of their antimicrobial potential by examination of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of their essential oils. J. Altern. Complement. Med. 2547-169.
   Google Scholar
• Kokkini, S., Karousou, R., Dardioti, A., Krigas, N. and Lanaras, T. (1997). Autumn essential oils of Greek oregano. Phytochemistry. 44: 883–886. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00576-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boira, H. and Blanquer, A. (1998). Environmental factors affecting chemical variability of essential oils in Thymus piperellaL.Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 26: 811–822. doi: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00047-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vokou, D., Kokkini, S. and Bessiere, J.M. (1993). Geographic variation of greek oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum) essential oils.Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 21: 287–295. doi: 10.1016/0305-1978(93)90047-U
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kofidis, G., Bosabalidis, A. and Moustakas, M. (2003). Chemical composition of essential oils from leaves and twigs of Pistacia lentiscus, Pistacia lentiscus var. chia, and Pistacia terebinthus from Turkey. Pharm. Biol. 42: 360-366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnihotri, V.K., Lattoo, S.K., Thappa, R.K., Kaul, P., Qazi, G.N., Dhar, A.K., Saraf, A., Kapahi, B.K., Saxena, R.K. and Agarwal, S.G. (2005). Chemical variability in the essential oil components of Achillea millefolium Agg. from different Himalayan habitats (India). Planta Med. 71: 280–283. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-837828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karousou, R., Koureas, D.N. and Kokkini, S. (2005). Essential oil composition is related to the natural habitats: Coridothymus capitatus and Satureja thymbra in NATURA 2000 sites of Crete. Phytochemistry. 66: 2668–2673. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tkachev, A.V., Korolyuk, E.A. and Letchamo, W. (2006). Chemical screening of volatile oilbearing flora of Siberia IX. Variations in chemical composition of the essential oil of Heteropappus altaicusWilld. (Novopokr.) growing wild at different altitudes of Altai Region, Russia. J. Essent. Oil Res. 18: 149-151. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2006.9699048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Pedro, L.G. and Scheffer, J.J.C. (2008). Factors affecting secondary metabolite production in plants: volatile components and essential oils. Flavour Frag. J. 23: 213–26. doi: 10.1002/ffj.1875
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Said, S.A., Fernandez, C., Greff, S., Torre, F., Derridj, A., Gauquelin, T. and Mevy, J.P. (2011). Inter-Population Variability of Terpenoid Composition in Leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. from Algeria: A Chemoecological Approach. Molecules. 16: 2646–2657. doi: 10.3390/molecules16032646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkart, M.R. and Buhler, D.D. (1997). A regional framework for analyzing weed species and assemblage distributions using a geographic information system. Weed Sci. 45: 455-462. doi: 10.1017/S0043174500093152
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouterde, P. (1983). Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. Distribution Librairie Orientale. Beyrouth, Liban, pp. 185.
   Google Scholar
• European Pharmacopoeia (1997). Council of Europe Publishing, 3rd edn. Strasbourg.
   Google Scholar
• Jennings, W. and Shibamoto, T. (1980). Qualitative analysis of flavour and fragrance volatiles by glass capillary gas chromatography. Academic Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Adams, R.P. (2007). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, 4th edn. Allured Publishing. Co. Carol Stream, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, N.W. (1990). Gas chromatographic retention indices of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicon and carbowax 20M phases. J. Chromatogr. A. 503: 1–24. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81487-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdi, H. and Williams, L.J. (2010). Principal component analysis. WileyInterdiscip. Rev. Comput. Stat. 2: 433–459. doi: 10.1002/wics.101
   Google Scholar
• Pitarokili, D., Tzakou, O., Loukis, A. and Harvala, C. (2003). Volatile metabolites from Salvia fruticosaas antifungal agents in soilborne pathogens. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51: 3294–3301. doi: 10.1021/jf0211534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papageorgiou, V., Gardeli, C., Mallouchos, A., Papaioannou, M. and Komaitis, M. (2008). Variation of the chemical profile and antioxidant behavior of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia fruticosa Miller grown in Greece. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56: 7254–7264. doi: 10.1021/jf800802t
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Askun, T., Baser, K.H.C., Tumen, G. and Kurkcuoglu, M. (2010). Characterization of essential oils of some Salvia species and their antimycobacterial activities. Turk. J. Biol. 34: 89–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koliopoulos, G., Pitarokili, D., Kioulos, E., Michaelakis, A. and Tzakou, O. (2010). Chemical composition and larvicidal evaluation of Mentha, Salvia, and Melissa essential oils against the West Nile virus mosquito Culexpipiens. J. Parasitol. Res. 107: 327–335. doi: 10.1007/s00436-010-1865-3
   Google Scholar
• Cvetkovikj, I., Stefkov, G., Karapandzova, M. and Kulevanova, S. (2015). Essential oil composition of Salvia fruticosa Mill. populations from Balkan Peninsula.Macedonian pharmaceutical bulletin. 61: 19–26. doi: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2015.61.01.004
   Google Scholar
• Pavlidou, V., Karpouhtsis, I., Franzios, G., Zambetaki, A., Scouras, Z. and Mavragani-Tsipidou, P. (2004). Insecticidal and genotoxic effects of essential oils of Greek sage, Salvia fruticosa, and Mint, Mentha pulegium, on Drosophila melanogaster and Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae).J. Agr. Urban Entomol. 21: 39–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosar, M., Tunalier, Z., Ozek, T., Kurkcuoglu, M. and Baser, K.H.C. (2005). A simple method to obtain essential oils from Salvia triloba L. and Laurus nobilis L. by using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. Z. Naturforsch C. 60: 501–4. doi: 10.1515/znc-2005-5-620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Kalaldeh, J.Z., Abu-Dahab, R. and Afifi, F.U. (2010). Volatile oil composition and anti-proliferative activity of Laurusnobilis, Origanum syriacum, Origanum vulgare, and Salvia triloba against human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Nutr. Res. 30: 271-278. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giweli, A.A., Dzamic, A.M., Sokovic, M., Ristic, M.S., Janackovic, P. and Marin, P.D. (2013). The Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Salvia fruticosa Growing wild in Libya. Arch. Biol. Sci. 65: 32129.
   Google Scholar
• Topçu, G., Öztürk, M., Kusman, T., BarlaDemirkoz, A.A., Kolak, U. and Ulubelen, A. (2013). Terpenoids, essential oil composition, fatty acid profile, and biological activities of Anatolian Salvia fruticosa Mill. Turk. J. Chem. 37: 619–632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zgheib, R., Chaillou, S., Ouaini, N., Kassouf, A., Rutledge, D.N, Azzi, D. and El Beyrouthy, M. (2016). Chemometric tools to highlight the variability of the chemical composition and yield of Lebanese Origanum syriacum L. essential oil. Chem. Biodivers. 13: 1326-1347. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201600061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller-Riebau, F.J., Berger, B.M., Yegen, O. and Cakir, C. (1997). Seasonal Variations in the Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils of Selected Aromatic Plants Growing Wild in Turkey. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45: 4821–4825. doi: 10.1021/jf970110y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokovic, M., Tzakou, O., Pitarokili, D. and Couladis, M. (2002). Antifungal activities of selected aromatic plants growing wild in Greece. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 46: 317–320.
   Google Scholar
• Máthé, I., Máthé, Á., Hohmann, J. and Janicsáka, G. (2010). Volatile and some non-volatile chemical constituents of Mediterranean Salvia species beyond their native area. Isr. J. Plant Sci. 58: 273–277. doi: 10.1560/IJPS.58.3-4.273
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skoula, M., El Hilali, I. and Makris, A.M. (1999). Evaluation of the genetic diversity of Salvia fruticosa Mill. clones using RAPD markers and comparison with the essential oil profiles. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 27: 559–568. doi: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00122-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daferera, D.J., Ziogas, B.N. and Polissiou, M.G. (2003). The effectiveness of plant essential oils on the growth of Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp. and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Crop Prot. 22: 39-44. doi: 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00095-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilan, C., Sfeir, R., Jawish, D. and Aitour, S. (2006). Huiles essentielles de certaines plantes médicinales libanaises de la famille des Lamiaceae.Lebanese Sci. J. 7: 13–22.
   Google Scholar
• Pierozan, M.K., Pauletti, G.F., Cristina, A., Lerin, L.A., Luccio, M.D.I., Mossi, A.J., Atti-serafini, L. Cansian, L. and Vladimir, L. (2009). Chemical characterization and anti-microbial activity of essential oils of Salvia L. species. Analysis. 29: 764–770.
   Google Scholar
• Itani, W.S., El-Banna, S.H., Hassan, S.B., Larsson, R.L., Bazarbachi, A. and Gali-Muhtasib, H.U. (2008). Anti-colon cancer components from Lebanese sage (Salvia libanotica) essential oil. Cancer Biol. Ther. 7: 1765–73. doi: 10.4161/cbt.7.11.6740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar