Memory-enhancing, Antioxidant, and Anticholinesterase Effects of Inhaled Achillea pseudoaleppica Essential Oil on Scopolamine-induced Amnesic Rats

References

• El-Marasy, S.A., El-Shenawy, S.M., El-Khatib, A.S., El-Shabrawy, O.A., Kenawy, S.A. (2012). Effect of Nigella sativa and wheat germ oils on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats. Bull. Fac. Pharmacy. 50(2): 81-88.
   Google Scholar
• Rabiei, Z., Mokhtari, S., Asgharzade, S., Gholami, M., Rahnama, S., Rafieian-kopaei, M. (2015). Inhibitory effect of Thymus vulgaris extract on memory impairment induced by scopolamine in rat. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 5(10): 845-851. doi: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.07.006
   Google Scholar
• Venkatesan, R., Subedi, L., Yeo, E.J., Kim, S.Y. (2016). Lactucopicrin ameliorates oxidative stress mediated by scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity through activation of the NRF2 pathway. Neurochem. Int. 99: 133-146. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X.X., Tian, Y., Wang, Z.T., Ma, Y.H., Tan, L., Yu, J.T. (2021). The Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s Disease Modifiable Risk Factors and Prevention. J Prev Alzheimer’s Dis. 8(3): 313-321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uddin, M.S., Kabir, M.T., Al Mamun, A., Abdel-Daim, M.M., Barreto, G.E., Ashraf, G.M. (2019). APOE and Alzheimer’s disease: Evidence mounts that targeting APOE4 may combat Alzheimer’s pathogenesis. Mol. Neurobiol. 56(4): 2450-2465. doi: 10.1007/s12035-018-1237-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns, A., Iliffe, S. (2009). Alzheimer’s disease. BMJ. 338: b158.
   Google Scholar
• Uddin, M.S., Al Mamun, A., Kabir, M.T., Jakaria, M., Mathew, B., Barreto, G.E., Ashraf, G.M. (2019). Nootropic and anti-Alzheimer’s actions of medicinal plants: Molecular insight into therapeutic potential to alleviate Alzheimer’s neuropathology. Mol. Neurobiol. 56(7): 4925-4944. doi: 10.1007/s12035-018-1420-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuzimski, T., Petruczynik, A. (2022). Determination of anti-Alzheimer's disease activity of selected plant ingredients. Molecules. 27(10): 3222. doi: 10.3390/molecules27103222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, S.N., Rangra, N.K., Singh, S., Arora, S., Gupta, V. (2021). Evolving role of natural products from traditional medicinal herbs in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 12(15): 2718-2728. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojtunik-Kulesza, K., Oniszczuk, T., Moldoch, J., Kowalska, I., Szponar, J., Oniszczuk, A. (2022). Selected natural products in neuroprotective strategies for Alzheimer’s disease-A non-systematic review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23(3): 1212. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammadhosseini, M., Sarker, S.D., Akbarzadeh, A. (2017). Chemical composition of the essential oils and extracts of Achillea species and their biological activities: A review. J. Ethnopharmacol. 199: 257-315. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cakir, A., Ozer, H., Aydin, T., Kordali, S. Cavusoglu A.T., Akcin, T., Mete, E., Akcin, A. (2016). Phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oils and extracts of four Achillea species. Rec. Nat. Prod. 10(2): 154-167.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, L., Zaiter, A., Petit, J., Zimmer, D., Karam, M.C., Baudelaire, E., Scher, J., Dicko, A. (2016). Improvement of antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of Hypericum perforatum and Achillea millefolium powders using successive grinding and sieving. Ind. Crops Prod. 87: 116-123. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sevindik, H.G., Güvenalp, Z., Yerdelen, K.Ö., Yuca, H., Demirezer, L.Ö. (2015). The discovery of potential anticholinesterase compounds from Achillea millefolium L. Ind. Crops Prod. 76: 873-879. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.05.088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozen, H.Ç., Toker, Z., Clery, R.A., Owen, N.E. (2003). Composition of the essential oil of Achillea pseudoaleppica Hub.-Mor. J. Essent. Oil Res. 15(2): 96-97. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2003.9712078
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulshreshtha, A., Piplani, P. (2016). Ameliorative effects of amide derivatives of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles on scopolamine induced cognitive dysfunction. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 122: 557-573. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang. N., Zhang. L., Feng. L., Yao. L. (2016). The anxiolytic effect of essential oil of Cananga odorata exposure on mice and determination of its major active constituents. Phytomedicine. 23(14): 1727-1734. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagci, E., Aydin, E., Ungureanu, E., Hritcu, L. (2016). Anthriscus nemorosa essential oil inhalation prevents memory impairment, anxiety and depression in scopolamine treated rats. Biomed. Pharmacother. 84: 1313-1320. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cioanca, O., Hritcu, L., Mihasan, M., Trifan, A., Hancianu, M. (2014). Inhalation of coriander volatile oil increased anxiolytic-antidepressant-like behaviors and decreased oxidative status in beta-amyloid (1-42) rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Physiol. Behav. 131: 68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Postu, P.A., Sadiki, F.Z., El Idrissi, M., Cioanca, O., Trifan, A., Hancianu, M., Hritcu, L. (2019). Pinus halepensis essential oil attenuates the toxic Alzheimer’s amyloid beta (1-42)-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus. Biomed. Pharmacother. 112: 108673. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Da Silva, E.R., Bizzo, H.R., Fernandes, P.D., Da Veiga Junior, V.F., Leitão, S.G., de Oliveira, D.R. (2017). Development and evaluation of an inhalation chamber for in vivo tests. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 89(3): 1643-1653. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbaba, E., Hassan, S., Sur, T.M., Bagci, E. (2018). Memory enhancing, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of Achillea biebersteinii (Asteraceae) essential oil on scopolamine-induced rats. J. Essent. Oil-Bearing Plants. 21(3): 825-839. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2018.1483741
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Postu, P.A., Gorgan, D.L, Cioanca, O., Russ, M., Mikkat, S., Glocker, M.O. Hritcu, L. (2020). Memory-enhancing effects of Origanum majorana essential oil in an Alzheimer’s amyloid beta 1-42 rat model: A molecular and behavioral study. Antioxidants. 9(10): 919. doi: 10.3390/antiox9100919
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vorhees, C.V., Williams, M.T. (2014). Assessing spatial learning and memory in rodents. ILAR J. 55(2): 310-332. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilu013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, R.E., Thompson, S.M., Sanchez, L.M., Yoder, R.M., Clark, B.J. (2017). Post-training inactivation of the anterior thalamic nuclei impairs spatial performance on the radial arm maze. Front. Neurosci. 11(94). doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hritcu, L., Bagci, E., Aydin, E., Mihasan, M. (2015). Antiamnesic and antioxidants effects of Ferulago angulata essential oil against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in laboratory rats. Neurochem. Res. 40(9): 1799-1809. doi: 10.1007/s11064-015-1662-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cetin, F., Gozel, N., Kaya, N., Onalan, E., Gurel, A., Ulu, R., Kuloglu, T., Donder, E. (2015). Protective effects of benfotiamin on the alterations revealed after doxorubicin administration in the rat kidney tissues. Firat. Med. J. 20(1): 8-14.
   Google Scholar
• Asbahani, A.E., Miladi, K., Badri, W., Sala, M., Addi, E.H.A., Casabianca, H. Mousadik, A.E., Hartmann, D., Jilale, A., Renaud, F.N.R., Elaissari, A. (2015). Essential oils: From extraction to encapsulation. Int. J. Pharm. 483(1): 220-243. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.069
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forrester, L., Maayan, N., Orrell, M., Spector, A., Buchan, L., Soares-Weiser, K. (2014). Aromatherapy for dementia. Cochrane. Libr. 25(2): CD003150.
   Google Scholar
• Agatonovic-Kustrin, S., Kustrin, E., Morton, D.W. (2019). Essential oils and functional herbs for healthy aging. Neural Regen. Res. 14(3): 441-445. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.245467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, J., Li, M., Wei, Y., Li, H., He, X., Yang, Q., Li, Z., Duan, J., Wu, Z., Chen, Q., Chen, B., Li, G., Ming, X., Xiong, L., Qin, D. (2022). Inhalation aromatherapy via brain-targeted nasal delivery: Natural volatiles or essential oils on mood disorders. Front Pharmacol. 13: 860043. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.860043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N.A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S.A., Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 5(8): 601-611. doi: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.05.007
   Google Scholar
• Rezaie-Keikhaie, K., Hastings-Tolsm,a M., Bouya, S., Shad, F.S., Sari, M., Shoorvazi, M. (2019). Effect of aromatherapy on post-partum complications: A systematic review. Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract. 35: 290-295. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filiptsova, O.V., Gazzavi-Rogozina, L.V., Timoshyna, I.A., Naboka, O.I., Dyomina, Y.V., Ochkur, A.V. (2017). The effect of the essential oils of lavender and rosemary on the human short-term memory. Alexandria J. Med. 54: 41-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.05.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerlach, L.B., Kales, H.C. (2020). Managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 36(2): 315-327. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2019.11.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farahani, M.A., Afsargharehbagh, R., Marandi, F., Moradi, M., Hashemi, S.M., Moghadam, M.P., Balouchi, A. (2019). Effect of aromatherapy on cancer complications: A systematic review. Complement. Ther. Med. 47: 102169. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.08.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aydin, E., Hritcu, L., Dogan, G., Hayta, S., Bagci, E. (2016). The effects of inhaled Pimpinella peregrina essential oil on scopolamine-induced memory impairment, anxiety, and depression in laboratory rats. Mol. Neurobiol. 53(9): 6557-6567. doi: 10.1007/s12035-016-9693-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagci, E., Aydin, E., Mihasan, M., Hritcu, L. (2016). Anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of Ferulago angulata essential oil in the scopolamine rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Flavour Fragr. J. 31: 70-80. doi: 10.1002/ffj.3289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbaba, E., Bagci, E., Hritcu, L., Maniu, C. (2021). Improvement of memory deficits via acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Nepeta nuda ssp. nuda essential oil in rats. Kuwait J. Sci. 48(3): 1-13. doi: 10.48129/kjs.v48i3.9217
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahari, M.A., Mehrafarin, A., Naghdi, B.H. (2017). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity Achillea millefolium L. essential oils. J. Essent. Oil-Bearing Plants. 20(1): 293-297. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2016.1238323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chizzola, R. (2018). Composition of the essential oil from the flower heads of Achillea tomentosa L. J. Essent Oil-Bearing Plants. 21(2): 535-539. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2017.1418682
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aminkhani, A., Sharifi, S., Ekhtiyari, S. (2020). Achillea filipendulina Lam.: Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of stem, leaf, and flower. Chem. Biodivers. 17(5): e200013. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202000133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazir, N., Karim, N., Abdel-Halim, H., Khan, I., Wadood, S.F., Nisar, M. (2018). Phytochemical analysis, molecular docking and antiamnesic effects of methanolic extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn seeds in scopolamine induced memory impairment in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 210: 198-208. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahak, M.K.A., Abdul Majid, M., Hashim, N.H., Adli, D.S.H. (2013). Nigella sativa Oil enhances the spatial working memory performance of rats on a radial arm maze. Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2013: 180598. doi: 10.1155/2013/180598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayoobi, F., Moghadam-Ahmadi, A., Amiri, H., Vakilian, A., Heidari, M., Farahmand, H., Fathollahi, M.S., Fatemi, I., Shafiei, S.A., Alahtavakoli, M., Shamsizadeh, A. (2019). Achillea millefolium is beneficial as an add-on therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 52: 89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baretta, I., Feliazardo, R.A., Bimbota, V., Gasparotto, J.A., Kassuya, C., Andreatini, R. (2009). The putative anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effect of Achillea millefolium L. extract in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 19(S3): S610-S611. doi: 10.1016/S0924-977X(09)70980-0
   Google Scholar
• Orhan, I., Aslan, M. (2009). Appraisal of scopolamine-induced antiamnesic effect in mice and in vitro antiacetylcholinesterase and antioxidant activities of some traditionally used Lamiaceae plants. J. Ethnopharmacol. 122(2): 327-332. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.12.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vatanparast, J., Andalib-Lari, F. (2017). Camphor elicits epileptiform discharges in snail neurons: The role of ion channels modulation. Neurotoxicology. 60: 299-307. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somade, O.T., Ajayi, B.O., Tajudeen, N.O., Atunlute, E.M., James, A.S., Kehinde, SA. (2019). Camphor elicits up-regulation of hepatic and pulmonary pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines via activation of NF-kB in rats. Pathophysiology. 26(3-4): 305-313. doi: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.07.005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Somade, O.T., Adeniji, K.D., Adesina, A-RA., Olurinde, O.J. (2017). Oral acute toxicity study as well as tissues oxidative stress and histopathological disorders in edible camphor administered rats. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 69(2): 99-108. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeraatpisheh, Z., Vatanparast, J. (2015). Eucalyptol induces hyperexcitability and epileptiform activity in snail neurons by inhibiting potassium channels. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 764: 70-78. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gondim, F.L., Serra, D.S., Cavalcante, F.S.Á. (2019). Effects of eucalyptol in respiratory system mechanics on acute lung injury after exposure to short-term cigarette smoke. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 266: 33-38. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.04.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nóbrega de Figuêiredo, F.R.S.D., Monteiro, Á.B., Alencar de Menezes, I.R., Sales, V.S., Petícia do Nascimento, E., Kelly de Souza Rodrigues, C., Bitu Primo, A.J., Paulo da Cruz, L., Amaro, É.N., Delmondes, A.G., Leite de Oliveira Sobreira Nóbrega, J.P., Pereira Lopes, M.J., Costa, M.J.G., Felipe, B.C.F., Kerntopf, M.R. (2019). Effects of the Hyptis martiusii Benth. leaf essential oil and 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) on the central nervous system of mice. Food Chem. Toxicol. 133: 110802.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiwari, M., Kakkar, P. (2009). Plant derived antioxidants-Geraniol and camphene protect rat alveolar macrophages against t-BHP induced oxidative stress. Toxicol. Vitr. 23(2):295-301. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.12.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madhuri, K., Naik, P.R. (2017). Ameliorative effect of borneol, a natural bicyclic monoterpene against hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. Biomed. Pharmacother. 96: 336-347. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, R., Zhang, L., Lan, X., Li, L., Zhang, T.T., Sun, J.H., Du, G.H. (2011). Protection by borneol on cortical neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion: involvement of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation through nuclear transcription factor κappa B signaling pathway. Neuroscience. 176: 408-419. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tariq, S., Wani, S., Rasool, W., Shafi, K., Bhat, M.A., Prabhakar, A., Shalla, A.H., Rather, M.A. (2019). A comprehensive review of the antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents against drug-resistant microbial pathogens. Microb. Pathog. 134: 103580. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampel, H., Mesulam, M.M., Cuello, A.C., Khachaturian, A.S., Vergallo, A., Farlow, M.R., Snyder, P.J., Giacobini, E., Khachaturian, Z.S. (2019). Revisiting the cholinergic hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease: Emerging evidence from translational and clinical research. J. Prev. Alzheimer’s Dis. 6(1): 2-15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ju, Y., Tam, K.Y. (2022). Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease. Neural Regen. Res. 17(3): 543-549. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.320970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira-Vieira, T.H., Guimaraes, I.M., Silva, F.R., Ribeiro, F.M. (2016). Alzheimer’s disease: Targeting the cholinergic system. Curr. Neuropharmacol. 14(1):101-115. doi: 10.2174/1570159X13666150716165726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahadori, M.B., Dinparast, L., Valizadeh, H., Farimani, M.M., Ebrahimi, S.N. (2016). Bioactive constituents from roots of Salvia syriaca L.: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and molecular docking studies. South African J. Bot. 106: 1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2015.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahraei, E., Soodi, M., Jafarzadeh, E., Karimivaghef, Z. (2012). Investigation of the scopolamine effect on acetylcholinesterase activity. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2012: 7(5).
   Google Scholar
• Lian, W., Fang, J., Xu, L., Zhou, W., Kang, D., Xiong, W., Jia, H., Liu, A.L., Du, G.H. (2017). DL0410 ameliorates memory and cognitive impairments induced by scopolamine via increasing cholinergic neurotransmission in mice. Molecules. 22: 410. doi: 10.3390/molecules22030410
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghasemi, S., Moradzadeh, M., Hosseini, M., Beheshti, F., Sadeghnia, H.R. (2019). Beneficial effects of Urtica dioica on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats: protection against acetylcholinesterase activity and neuronal oxidative damage. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 42(2): 167-175. doi: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1463238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, P., Mishra, S., Malik, A., Satya, S. (2011). Insecticidal properties of Mentha species: A review. Ind. Crops Prod. 34(1): 802-817. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.02.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eruygur, N., Koçyiğit, U.M., Taslimi, P., Ataş, M., Tekin, M., GülçTolsm,in I. (2018). Screening the in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, anti-diabetic activities of endemic Achillea cucullata (Asteraceae) ethanol extract. South African J. Bot. 120(4): 141-145.
   Google Scholar
• Tramutola, A., Lanzillotta, C., Perluigi, M., Butterfield, D.A. (2017). Oxidative stress, protein modification and Alzheimer disease. Brain Res. Bull. 133: 88-96. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swomley, A.M., Butterfield, D.A. (2015). Oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment: evidence from human data provided by redox proteomics. Arch. Toxicol. 89(10): 1669-1680. doi: 10.1007/s00204-015-1556-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, M.T. (2017). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction-linked neurodegenerative disorders. Neurol. Res. 39(1): 73-82. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1251711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upadhyay, P., Sadhu, A., Singh, P.K., Agrawal, A., Ilango, K., Purohit, S., Dubey, G.P. (2018). Revalidation of the neuroprotective effects of a United States patented polyherbal formulation on scopolamine induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Biomed. Pharmacother. 97: 1046-1052. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, C., Dong, L., Lv, J., Lu, C., Dong, L., Lv, J., Wang, Y., Fan, B., Wang, F., Liu, X. (2018). 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) alleviates scopolamine-induced memory impairment via regulation of cholinergic and antioxidant systems, and expression of Egr-1, c-Fos and c-Jun in mice. Chem. Biol. Interact. 279: 64-72. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konyalioglu, S., Karamenderes, C. (2005). The protective effects of Achillea L. species native in Turkey against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes and leucocytes. J. Ethnopharmacol. 102(2): 221-227. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz, M.A., Taslimi, P., Kilic, O., Gulcin, I., Dey, A., Bursal, E. (2021). Unravelling the phenolic compound reserves, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of an endemic plant species, Achillea pseudoaleppica. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 2021: 1-12.
   Google Scholar