Effect of Earthworm(Pheretima sp.) Density on Revegetation of Lead/zinc Metal Mine Tailings Amended with Soil

References

• Anderson , J M . 1988 . Spatio-temporal effects of invertebrates on soils processes . Biology and fertility of soils , 6 : 216 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armitage , P and Berry , G . 1994 . Statistical methods in medical research , 3rd , London : Blackwell Scientific Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Caroline J L Trevor G P et al. Interactions between earthworms and arsenic in the soil environment: A review Environmental Pollution 2003 124 361 373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , H M . 1996 . Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil-plant System , 207 – 210 . Beijing : Science Press .
   Google Scholar
• Devliegher , W and Verstraete , W . 1996 . Lumbricus terrestris in a soil core experiment: Effect of nutrient enrichment processes (NEP) and gut-associated processes (GAP) on the availability of plant nutrients and heavy metals . Soil Biology Biochemistry , 28 : 489 – 496 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , C A and Lofty , J R . 1977 . Biology of Earthworms , 2nd , London : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Gao , Y and Luo , Y M . 2005 . Earthworms as bioindicators of soil pollution and their potential for remediation of contaminated soils . Acta Pedologic Sinica , 42 ( 1 ) : 140 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Hauser , S . 1993 . Distribution and activity of earthworms and contribution to nutrient recycling in alley cropping . Biology and Fertility of Soils , 15 : 16 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu , F , Wu , X Q , Li , H X and Wu , S M . 1998 . “ Effects of earthworm and ants on the properties of red soils ” . In Research on the Red Soil Ecosystem , 276 – 285 . Beijing : China Agricultural Science and Technology Publishing House . In, (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Juste , C and Mennch , M . 1992 . “ Long-term application of sewage sludge and its effect on metal uptake by crops ” . In Biogeochemistry of Trace Metals , Edited by: Adriano , D C and Lewis , C R C . 159 – 194 . Florida : Boca Raton . In
   Google Scholar
• Langdon C J Piearce T G et al. Survival and behaviour of the earthworms Lumbricus rubellus and Den-drodrilus rubidus from arsenate-contaminated and non-contaminated sites Soil Biology Biochemistry 2001 33 1239 1244
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavell , P , Zaida , Z and Schaefer , R . 1983 . Interaction between earthworm, soil organic matter and microflora in an African savanna soil . New Trends in Soil Biology , : 253 – 259 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , K E . 1985 . Earthworms: Their Ecology and Relationships with Soils and Land Uses , 224 – 411 . Sydney : Academic. Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ma , Y , Dickinson , N M and Wong , M H . 2002 . Toxicity of Pb/Zn mine tailings to the earthworm Pheretima and the effects of burrowing on metal availability . Biology and Fertility of Soils , 36 : 79 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBride , M B . 1989 . Reaction controlling heavy metal solubility in soils . Advanced Soil Science , 10 : 1 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• McGrath , S P and Cegarra , J . 1992 . Chemical extractability of heavy metals during and after long-term applications of sewage sludge to soils . Journal of Soil Science , 42 : 313 – 321 .
   Google Scholar
• Parmelee , R W , Beare , M H , Cheng , W , Hendrix , P F , Rider , S J , Crossley , D A Jr. and Coleman , D C . 1990 . Earthworms and enchytraends in conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems: A biocide approach to assess their role in organic matter breakdown . Biology and Fertility of Soils , 10 : 1 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi , R H . 1996 . The Analytical Methods of Soil Agricultural Chemistry , Beijing : Agricultural Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sparks , D L , Page , A L , Helmke , P A , Loeppert , R H , Soltenpour , P N , Tabatabai , M A , Johnston , C T and Summer , M E . 1996 . Methods of Soil Analysis-Part III. Chemical Methods . Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, Wisconsin , : 1390
   Google Scholar
• Spurgeon , D J and Hopkin , S P . 1999 . Tolerance to zinc in populations of earthworm, Lubricus rubellus from uncontaminated and metalcontaminated ecosystems . Archives of Environment Contamination and Toxicology , 37 : 332 – 337 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subler , S , Baranski , C M and Edwards , A . 1997 . Earthworm additions increased short-term nitrogen availability and leaching in two grain-crop agroecosystems . Soil Biology Biochemistry , 29 : 413 – 421 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Rhee , J A . 1976 . Some aspects of the productivity of orchard in relation to earthworms’ activities . Annales de Zoologie Ecologie Animale Special Pub , 4 : 99 – 108 .
   Google Scholar
• Waters , R A S . 1955 . Numbers and weight of earthworms under a highly production pasture . New Zealand Journal of Science and Technolog , A36 : 516 – 525 .
   Google Scholar
• Wen B Hu X Y et al. The role of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in influencing bioavailability of heavy metals in soils Biology and Fertility of Soils 2004 40 3 181 187
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye , Z H , Shu , W S , Zhang , Z Q , Lan , C Y and Wong , M H . 2002 . Evaluation of major constraints to revegetation of lead/zinc mine tailings using bioassay techniques . Chemosphere , 47 : 1103 – 1111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye , Z H , Wong , J W C , Wong , M H , Baker , A J M , Shu , W S and Lan , C Y . 2000 . Revegetation of Pb/Zn mine tailings, Guangdong province . China Restoration Ecology , 8 : 87 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , S D , Tye , A , Carstensen , A , Resende , L and Crout , N . 2000 . Methods for determining labile cadmium and zinc in soil . The European Journal of Soil Science , 51 : 129 – 136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu , X Z and Cheng , J M . 2003 . Effect of earthworm on bioavailability of Cu and Cd in soils . Acta Ecologica Sinica , 23 ( 5 ) : 922 – 928 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , H and Schrader , S . 1993 . Earthworm effects on selected physical and chemical properties of soil aggregates . Biology and Fertility of Soils , 15 : 229 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zorn M I et al. The effect of Lumbricus rubellus and Lumbricus terrestris on zinc distribution and availability in artificial soil columns Biology and Fertility of Soils 2005 41 3 212 215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar