Use of remotely sensed data to estimate tree species diversity as an indicator of biodiversity in Blouberg Nature Reserve, South Africa

References

• Andrade GSM, Rhodes JR. 2012. Protected areas and local communities: an inevitable partnership toward successful conservation strategies?. E&S. 17(4):14.
   Google Scholar
• Araújo EJGD, Morais VA, David HC, Scolforo JRS, Mello JMD, Ebling AA. 2019. Spatialization of tree species diversity in the State of Minas Gerais. Floresta Ambient. 26(1):1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arekhi M, Yılmaz OY, Yılmaz H, Akyüz YF. 2017. Can tree species diversity be assessed with Landsat data in a temperate forest? Environ Monit Assess. 189(11):586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arraut EM, Loveridge AJ, Chamaillé-Jammes S, Valls-Fox H, Macdonald DW. 2018. The 2013-2014 vegetation structure map of Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, produced using free satellite images and software. Koedoe. 60(1):1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey KM, McCleery RA, Binford MW, Zweig C. 2016. Land-cover change within and around protected areas in a biodiversity hotspot. J Land Use Sci. 11(2):154–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blouberg Municipality 2017. Integrated Development Plan, 2017/18-2020/21.
   Google Scholar
• Brink A, Martínez-López J, Szantoi Z, Moreno-Atencia P, Lupi A, Bastin L, Dubois G. 2016. Indicators for assessing habitat values and pressures for protected areas—an integrated habitat and land cover change approach for the Udzungwa Mountains National Park in Tanzania. Remote Sensing. 8(10):862.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champagne CM, Abuelgasim A, Staenz K, Monet S, White HP. 2004. Ecological restoration from space: the use of remote sensing for monitoring land reclamation in Sudbury. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of the Society for Ecological Restoration, Victoria, BC, Canada: p. 24–26.
   Google Scholar
• Cleland EE. 2011. Biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Nat Educ Knowl. 3(10):14.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen WB, Goward S.N. 2004. Landsat’s role in ecological applications of remote sensing. BioScience. 54(6):535–545.2.0.CO;2]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constant N. 2014. A socio-ecological approach towards understanding conflict between leopards (Panthera pardus) and humans in South Africa: implications for leopard conservation and farming livelihoods [doctoral dissertation]. Durham University.
   Google Scholar
• Dogan HM, Dogan M. 2006. A new approach to diversity indices–modeling and mapping plant biodiversity of Nallihan (A3-Ankara/Turkey) forest ecosystem in frame of geographic information systems. Biodivers Conserv. 15(3):855–878.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fajji NG, Palamuleni LG, Mlambo V. 2017. Evaluating derived vegetation indices and cover fraction to estimate rangeland aboveground biomass in semi-arid environments. SA J Geomat. 6(3):333–348.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaitán JJ, Bran D, Oliva G, Ciari G, Nakamatsu V, Salomone J, Ferrante D, Buono G, Massara V, Humano G, et al. 2013. Evaluating the performance of multiple remote sensing indices to predict the spatial variability of ecosystem structure and functioning in Patagonian steppes. Ecol Indic. 34:181–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwali S, Okullo P, Hafashimana D, Byabashaija DM. 2010. Diversity and composition of trees and shrubs in Kasagala forest: a semiarid savannah woodland in central Uganda. Afr J Ecol. 48(1):111–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamer ML, Slotow R. 2017. A conservation assessment of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Mkambati Nature Reserve in the Pondoland Centre of Endemism. koedoe. 59(1):1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huete AR. 1988. A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Rem Sens Environ. 25(3):295–309.
   Google Scholar
• Huete A, Justice C, Van Leeuwen W. 1999. MODIS vegetation index (MOD13). Algorithm Theoret Basis Document. 3, 213.
   Google Scholar
• Ifo SA, Moutsambote J-M, Koubouana F, Yoka J, Ndzai SF, Bouetou-Kadilamio LNO, Mampouya H, Jourdain C, Bocko Y, Mantota AB, et al. 2016. Tree species diversity, richness, and similarity in intact and degraded forest in the tropical rainforest of the Congo Basin: case of the forest of Likouala in the Republic of Congo. Int J Forest Res. 2016:1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Imani G, Zapfack L, Kalume J, Riera B, Cirimwami L, Boyemba F. 2016. Woody vegetation groups and diversity along the altitudinal gradient in mountain forest: case study of Kahuzi-Biega National Park and its surroundings. J Biodiv Environ Sci. 8:134–150.
   Google Scholar
• Jakubauskas ME, Price KP. 1997. Emperical relationships between structural and spectral factors of yellowstone lodgepole pine forests. Photogramm Eng Rem Sens. 63(12):1375–1380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanagaraj S, Selvaraj M, Das Kangabam R, Munisamy G. 2017. Assessment of tree species diversity and its distribution pattern in Pachamalai Reserve Forest, Tamil Nadu. J Sustain Forest. 36(1):32–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khare S, Ghosh S. 2016. Satellite remote sensing technologies for biodiversity monitoring and its conservation. IJAESE. 5(1):375–389.
   Google Scholar
• Krishnaswamy J, Bawa K.S, Ganeshaiah K.N, Kiran M.C. 2009. Quantifying and mapping biodiversity and ecosystem services: utility of a multi-season NDVI based Mahalanobis distance surrogate. Rem Sens Environ. 113(4):857–867.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEDET 2013. Five-year strategic plan for the Blouberg Nature Reserve. Limpopo, South Africa: LEDET.
   Google Scholar
• Li S, Lang X, Liu W, Ou G, Xu H, Su J. 2018. The relationship between species richness and aboveground biomass in a primary Pinus kesiya forest of Yunnan, southwestern China. PloS One. 13(1):e0191140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li W, Shi M, Huang Y, Chen K, Sun H, Chen J. 2019. Climatic Change Can Influence Species Diversity Patterns and Potential Habitats of Salicaceae Plants in China. Forests. 10(3):220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, El-Kassaby Y.A. 2018. Evapotranspiration and favorable growing degree-days are key to tree height growth and ecosystem functioning: meta-analyses of Pacific Northwest historical data. Sci Rep. 8(1):8228.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Madonsela S, Cho M.A, Ramoelo A, Mutanga O, Naidoo L. 2018. Estimating tree species diversity in the savannah using NDVI and woody canopy cover. Int J Appl Earth Observ Geoinform. 66:106–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mapfumo RB, Murwira A, Masocha M, Andriani R. 2016. The relationship between satellite-derived indices and species diversity across African savanna ecosystems. Int J Appl Earth Observ Geoinform. 52:306–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcon M. 2013. Analysis of biodiversity spatial patterns across multiple taxa, in Sweden. Student thesis series INES.
   Google Scholar
• Mostert THC. 2006. Vegetation ecology of the Soutpansberg and Blouberg area in the Limpopo Province [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria.
   Google Scholar
• Mutowo G, Murwira A. 2012. Relationship between remotely sensed variables and tree species diversity in savanna woodlands of Southern Africa. Int J Remote Sens. 33(20):6378–6402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagendra H, Rocchini D, Ghate R, Sharma B, Pareeth S. 2010. Assessing plant diversity in a dry tropical forest: comparing the utility of Landsat and IKONOS satellite images. Remote Sens. 2(2):478–496.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen T.V, Mitlohner R, Bich N.V, Do T.V. 2015. Environmental factors affecting the abundance and presence of tree species in a tropical lowland limestone and non-limestone forest in Ben En National Park, Vietnam. J Forest Environ Sci. 31(3):177–191.
   Google Scholar
• Oli B.N, Subedi M.R. 2015. Effects of management activities on vegetation diversity, dispersion pattern and stand structure of community-managed forest (Shorea robusta) in Nepal. Int J Biodiv Sci, Ecosyst Serv Manage. 11(2):96–105.
   Google Scholar
• Pandey A, Rai S, Kumar D. 2018. Changes in vegetation attributes along an elevation gradient towards timberline in Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim. Trop Ecol. 59(2):259–271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paudel S, Sah JP. 2015. Effects of different management practices on stand composition and species diversity in subtropical forests in Nepal: Implications of community participation in biodiversity conservation. J Sustain Forest. 34(8):738–760.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng Y, Fan M, Song J, Cui T, Li R. 2018. Assessment of plant species diversity based on hyperspectral indices at a fine scale. Sci Rep. 8(1):1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Phil-Eze PO. 2012. The influence of elevation and aspect on plant species diversity in a tropical landscape of Nsukka plateau in Nigeria. Trop Built Environ J. 1(3):255–266.
   Google Scholar
• Poursanidis D, Chrysoulakis N, Mitraka Z. 2015. Landsat 8 vs. Landsat 5: A comparison based on urban and peri-urban land cover mapping. Int J Appl Earth Observ Geoinform. 35:259–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocchini D, Boyd DS, Féret JB, Foody GM, He KS, Lausch A, Nagendra H, Wegmann M, Pettorelli N. 2016. Satellite remote sensing to monitor species diversity: potential and pitfalls. Remote Sens Ecol Conserv. 2(1):25–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocchini D, Delucchi L, Bacaro G, Cavallini P, Feilhauer H, Foody GM, He KS, Nagendra H, Porta C, Ricotta C, et al. 2013. Calculating landscape diversity with information-theory based indices: a GRASS GIS solution. Ecol Informat. 17:82–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocchini D, Marcantonio M, Da Re D, Chirici G, Galluzzi M, Lenoir J, Ricotta C, Torresani M, Ziv G. 2019. Time-lapsing biodiversity: an open source method for measuring diversity changes by remote sensing. Remote Sens Environ. 231: 111192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouse JW, Haas RH, Schell JA, Deering DW. 1974. Monitoring vegetation systems in the Great Plains with ERTS. NASA Special Publication, 351, 309.
   Google Scholar
• Sainge MN, Lyonga NM, Mbatchou G, Kenfack D, Nchu F, Peterson AT. 2019. Vegetation, floristic composition and structure of a tropical montane forest in Cameroon. Bothalia-African Biodiv Conserv. 49(1):1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Shah J.A. 2013. Application of diversity indices to crustacean community of Wular Lake, Kashmir Himalaya. Int J Biodiv Conserv. 5(6):311–316.
   Google Scholar
• Shoko C, Mutanga O, Dube T. 2019. Remotely sensed C3 and C4 grass species aboveground biomass variability in response to seasonal climate and topography. Afr J Ecol. 57(4):477–489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva B, Álava-Núñez P, Strobl S, Beck E, Bendix J. 2017. Area-wide evapotranspiration monitoring at the crown level of a tropical mountain rain forest. Remote Sens Environ. 194:219–229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• South Africa’s fifth national report to the Convention on Biological Diversity 2014. Republic of South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Thamaga KH. 2018. Remote sensing of the spatio-temporal distribution of invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in the Greater Letaba River System in Tzaneen, South Africa [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Thant ZM. 2017. Costs and benefits associated with natural resource exploitation in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary in Myanmar, and its impact on thamin (Rucervus eldii thamin) conservation [Master’s thesis]. NTNU.
   Google Scholar
• Toledo‐Garibaldi M, Williams‐Linera G. 2014. Tree diversity patterns in successive vegetation types along an elevation gradient in the Mountains of Eastern Mexico. Ecol Res. 29(6):1097–1104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker CJ. 1979. Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Remote Sens. Environ. 8(2):127–150.
   Google Scholar
• Türkmen G, Kazanci N. 2010. Applications of various biodiversity indices to benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in streams of a national park in Turkey. Rev Hydrobiol. 3(2):111–125.
   Google Scholar
• Vodouhê FG, Coulibaly O, Adégbidi A, Sinsin B. 2010. Community perception of biodiversity conservation within protected areas in Benin. Forest Policy Econ. 12(7):505–512.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang R, Gamon JA. 2019. Remote sensing of terrestrial plant biodiversity. Remote Sens Environ. 231:111218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie Y, Sha Z, Yu M. 2008. Remote sensing imagery in vegetation mapping: a review. J Plant Ecol. 1(1):9–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J.T, Xu B, Li M. 2013. Vegetation patterns and species diversity along elevational and disturbance gradients in the Baihua Mountain Reserve, Beijing, China. Mountain Res Develop. 33(2):170–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar