“I feel like half a woman all the time”: The impacts of coerced and forced sterilisations on HIV-positive women in South Africa

References

• Abdool Karim Q , Sibeko S , & Baxter C 2010 ‘Preventing HIV infection in women: A global health imperative’ in Clinical Infectious Diseases 50 , 3 : S 122 – S129 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ARASA 2008 ‘Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights Advocacy Workshop Report’ , 21 – 22 October 2008, Johannesburg, South Africa .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper D , Harries J , Myer L , Orner P , Bracken H , & Zweigenthal V 2007 ‘ Life is still going on: Reproductive intentions among HIV-positive women and men in South Africa’ in Social Science and Medicine 65 , 2 : 274 – 283 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper D , Moodley J , Zweigenthal V , Bekker L-G , Shah I , & Myer L 2009 ‘Fertility intentions and reproductive health care needs of people living with HIV in Cape Town, South Africa: Implications for integrating reproductive health and HIV care services’ in AIDS and Behavior 13 : S38 – S46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Bruyn M 2004 ‘ Living with HIV: Challenges in Reproductive Health Care in South Africa’ in African Journal of Reproductive Health 8 , 1 : 92 – 98 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Department of Health 1998 Sterilisation Act, Act No 44 of 1998 .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health 2004 ‘Contraceptive Policy Guidelines ’, available at: http://www.kznhealth.gov.za/contraception.pdf, site accessed 19 April 2012, 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health 2011 ‘Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights: Reviewing the Evidence’ , Department of Health .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Social Welfare and Development 1998 ‘Population Policy’ , available at: http://www.socdev.ecprov.gov.za/SubUnits/Eastern%20Cape%20Population%20and%20Research%20Unit/AboutUs/Population%20Research%20Policies/Population%20Policy%20for%20SA.pdf, site accessed 19 April 2012 .
   Google Scholar
• Fereday J & Muir-Cochrane E 2006 ‘ Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development ’ in International Journal of Qualitative Methods 5 , 1 : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Gatsi J , Kehler J , & Crone T 2010 ‘Make it everybody's business: Lessons Learned from addressing the coerced sterilisation of women living with HIV in Namibia: A best practice model’ , available at: http://www.athenanetwork.org/assets/files/Make%20it% 20everyone's%20business…%20–%20Report.pdf, site accessed 4 April 2011 .
   Google Scholar
• Gatsi-Mallet J 2008 ‘Denying us the right to reproduce: Forced and coerced sterilization of HIV positive women ’, paper presented at the HIV Criminalization National Roundtable Discussion , 27–28 November , Cape Town , South Africa .
   Google Scholar
• LaFont S & Hubbard D 2007 Unravelling Taboos , Windhoek : Legal Assistance Centre .
   Google Scholar
• Lawless S , Kippax S , & Crawford J 2006 ‘ Dirty, diseased and undeserving: The positioning of HIV positive women’ in Social Science and Medicine 43 , 9 : 1371 – 1377 .
   Google Scholar
• London L , Orner P & Myer L 2008 “‘Even if you're positive, you still have rights because you are a person”: Human rights and the reproductive choices of HIV positive persons’ in Developing World Bioethics 8 , 1 : 11 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallet J & Kalambi V 2008 ‘ Coerced and forced sterilization of HIV-positive women in Namibia ’ in HIV AIDS Policy Law Review 13 : 77 – 8 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mamad F 2009 ‘Forced sterilization of women living with HIV/AIDS in Africa’ , unpublished Masters thesis, University of Mauritius .
   Google Scholar
• Mann J and Tarantola D 1996 ‘AIDS in the World two’ . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell HS & Stevens E 2004 ‘ Contraceptive choice for HIV positive women’ in Sexually Transmitted Infections 80 : 167 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mthembu P 2009 ‘ Punishment for reproductive wrongs: Medicalised violence against women living with HIV and AIDS’ in AIDS 2 , 5 : 44 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Mthembu S , Essack Z & Strode A 2011 “‘I feel like half a woman all the time’: A qualitative report of HIV-positive women's experiences of coerced and forced sterilisations in South Africa ’, unpublished report .
   Google Scholar
• Nair P 2010 ‘ Litigating against the forced sterilization of HIV-positive women: Recent developments in Chile and Namibia ’ in Harvard Human Rights Journal 23 : 223 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Nduna M & Farlane L 2009 ‘ Women Living with HIV in South Africa and their concerns about fertility’ in AIDS and Behavior 13 : 62 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Open Society Foundation 2011 ‘Against her will: Forced and coerced sterilisation of women worldwide’ , available at: http://www.soros.org/initiatives/health/focus/law/articles_publications/publications/against-her-will-20111004/against-her-will-20111003.pdf, site accessed 3 November 2011 .
   Google Scholar
• Paiva V , Filipe EV , Santos N , Lima TN , & Segurado A 2003 ‘ The right to love: The desire for parenthood among men living with HIV’ in Reproductive Health Matters 11 , 22 : 91 – 100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel P 2008 ‘ The coerced sterilization of HIV-positive women in Namibia’ in Agenda 75 : 38 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Quinn TC & Overbaugh J 2005 ‘ HIV/AIDS in women: An expanding epidemic ’ in Science 308 , 5728 : 1582 – 1583 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Republic of South Africa 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act No 108 of 1996 .
   Google Scholar
• Rochon D 2008 ‘HIV-positive women in health care’ in Women's Health and Urban Life 7 , 2 : 31 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Satande LT & Strode A 2010 ‘From redress to rights: Forced sterilization of women living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa’ in AIDS 2010-XVIII International AIDS Conference: Abstract no CDD0956 .
   Google Scholar
• Segurado AC , & Paiva V 2007 ‘ Rights of HIV positive people to sexual and reproductive health: Parenthood’ in Reproductive Health Matters 15 , 1 : 27 – 45 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silverman D 2005 Doing Qualitative Research , 2nd ed London : SAGE .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa 2011 ‘Statistical Release P0302: Mid-year population estimates ’, available at: http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022011.pdf, site accessed 31 May 2012 .
   Google Scholar
• Stovall TG & Mann WJ 2010 ‘Surgical sterilization of women’ , available at: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/surgical-sterilization-of-women, site accessed 4 May 2011 .
   Google Scholar
• Strode A , Mthembu S and Essack Z 2012 “She made up a choice. She made up a choice for me”: Provider-directed consent in the sterilisation of HIV-positive women in South Africa, Reproductive Health Matters, submitted for review .
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS-WHO 2009 ‘AIDS Epidemic Update ’, available at: http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2009/jc1700_epi_update_2009_en.pdf, site accessed 21 February 2010 .
   Google Scholar
• Van der Wal BW 1998 ‘Preventing perinatal vertical HIV transmission in South Africa’ in South African Medical Journal 88 , 10 : 1283 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood K , Lambert J , & Jewkes R 2008 “‘Injuries are beyond love”: Physical violence in young South Africans’ sexual relationships’ in Medical Anthropology 27 , 1 : 43 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar