1,051
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Generic praziquantel in South Africa: the necessity for policy change to provide cheap, safe and effcacious schistosomiasis drugs for the poor, rural population

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 22-25 | Received 01 Jan 2009, Accepted 01 Jan 2010, Published online: 15 Jul 2015

References

  • Chitsulo L, Engels D, Montresor A, Savioli L. The global status of schistosomiasis and its control. Acta Trop 2000; 77:41–51
  • Steinmann P, Keiser J, Bos R, Tanner M, Utringer J. Schistosomiasis and water resources development systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6: 411–425
  • Hotez PJ, Fenwick A, Netland EF. Africa’s 32 Cents Solution for HIV/AIDS. PLoS Neglect Trop D 2009; 3: e430
  • King CH, Dangerfield-Cha M. The unacknowledged impact of chronic schistosomiasis. Chronic llln 2008; 4: 65–79
  • Murray PR, Pfaller MA, Rosenthal KL. Medical Microbiology. Trematodes: Shistosomes 2005; 902–905
  • Fenwick A. Waterborne infectious diseases - could they be consigned to history? Science 2006; 313: 1077–1081
  • Saathoff E, Olsen A, Magnussen P, Kvalsvig JD, Becker W, Appleton CC. Patterns of Schistosoma haematobium infection, impact of praziquantel treatment and re-infection after treatment in a cohort of schoolchildren from rural KwaZulu-Natal/South Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2004; 4:40
  • Moodley I, Kleinschmidt I, Sharp B, Craig M, Appleton C. Temperature-suitability maps for schistosomiasis in South Africa. Ann Trop Med Parasit 2003; 97: 617–627
  • Hat C. Schistosomiasis: An underestimated problem in industrialized countries? J Travel Med 2005; 12: 1–12
  • King CH, Dickman K, Tisch DJ. Reassessment of the cost of chronic helmintic infection: a meta-analysis of disability-related outcomes in endemic schistosomiasis. Lancet 2005; 365: 1561–1569
  • Silva IM, Thiengo R, Conceicao MJ, et al. Therapeutic failure of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosoma haematobium infection in Brazilians returning from Africa. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005; 100: 445–449
  • Netland EF, Ndhlovu PD, Kurewa EN, et al. Prevention of gynecologic contact bleeding and genital sandy patches by childhood anti-schistosomal treatment Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 79: 79–83
  • King CH. Parasites and poverty: The case of schistosomiasis. Acta Trop 2010; 113:95–104
  • WHO. Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil- transmitted helminthiasis. Technical report series no. 912 2002; 1–63
  • Guyatt HL, Brooker S, Kihamia CM, Hall A, Bundy DA. Evaluation of efficacy of school-based anthelmintic treatments against anaemia in children in the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 695–703
  • Fenwick A, Savioli L, Engels D, Robert Bergquist N, Todd MH. Drugs for the control of parasitic diseases: current status and development in schistosomiasis. Trends ParasitoI2003; 19: 509–515
  • WHO. World health report 2004 - changing history. 2004; http://www.who.int/whr/2004/en/
  • UtzingerJ, Keiser J. Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: common drugs for treatment and control. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2004; 5:263–285
  • Rollinson D. A wake up call for urinary schistosomiasis: reconciling research effort with public health importance. Parasitology 2009; 136:1593–1610
  • Van der Werf MJ, De Vlas Si, Brooker S, et al. Quantification of clinical morbidity associated with schistosome infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Acta Trop 2003; 86: 125–139
  • Leutscher PD, Raharisolo C, Pecamere JL, et al. Schistosoma haematobium induced lesions in the female genital tract in a village in Madagascar. Acta Trop 1997; 66: 27–33
  • Kjetland E, Kurewa EN, Mduluza T, etal. The first community-based report on the effect of genital Schistosoma haematobium infection on female fertility. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: 1551–1553
  • Netland EF, Kurewa EN, Ndhlovu PD, et al. Female genital schistosomiasis - a differential diagnosis to sexually transmitted disease: Genital itch and vaginal discharge as indicators of genital S. haematobium morbidity in a cross-sectional study in endemic rural Zimbabwe. Trop Med Int Health 2008; 13: 1509
  • Kjetland EF, Ndhlovu PD, Mduluza T, et al. Simple clinical manifestations of genital Schistosoma haematobium infection in rural Zimbabwean women. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 72: 311–319
  • O’Mahony D, Banach L, La Grange LL.A case of vulval schistosomiasis. SA Fam Pract 2007; 49:42–43
  • Statement - WHO working group on urogenital schistosomiasis and HIV transmission, 1–2 October 2009. 2009; http://www.whoint/neglected_diseases/integrated_media_urogenital_schistosomiasis/en/index.html. Accessed: 02.14.2010
  • Dorrington R, Johnson L, Bradshaw D, Daniel T-J. The Demographic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. National and provincial indicators for 2006. 2006; http://www.mrc.ac.za/bod/Demograph-iclmpactHlVlndicators.pdf
  • HSRCSA. South African national HIV prevalence, incidence, behaviour and communication survey. A turning tide among teenagers? Nelson Mandela Foundation 2008; http://www.unaids.org/epi/2005/doc/report_pdf.asp
  • UNAIDS. Report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic 2008. 2008
  • Stoever K, Molyneux D, Hotez P, Fenwick A. HIV/AIDS, schistosomiasis, and girls. Lancet 2009; 373: 2025–2026
  • Kjetland EF, Ndhlovu PD, Gomo E, etal. Association between genital schistosomiasis and HIV in rural Zimbabwean women. AIDS 2006; 20: 593–600
  • Poggensee G, Feldmeier H, Krantz I. Schistosomiasis of the female genital tract: public health aspects. Parasitol Today 1999; 15: 378–381
  • Downs J, Mguta C, Kaatano G, etal. Urogenital schistosomiasis in women of reproductive age in Tanzania’s Lake Victoria region. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 84
  • Feldmeier H, Krant 1, Poggensee G. Female genital schistosomiasis as a risk-factor for the transmission of HIV. AIDS 1994; 5: 368–372
  • Savioli L, Gabrielli AF, Montresor L, Chitsulo L, Engels D. Schistosomiasis control in Africa: 8 years after World Health Assembly Resolution 54.19. Parasitology 2009; 136: 1677–1681
  • Wegner DHG. The profile of the trematocidal compound praziquantel. Arzneimittefforschung 1984; 34: 1132–1136
  • Fenwick A, Webster JP, Bosque-Oliva E, et al. The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI): rationale, development and implementation from 2002-2008. Parasitology 2009; 136: 1719–1730
  • King CH. Lifting the burden of schistosomiasis - defining elements of infection-associated disease and the benefits of antiparasite treatment J Infect Dis 2007; 196: 653–655
  • Sissoko MS, Dabo A, Traoré H, et al. Efficacy of Artesunate + Sulfamethoxypyrazine/Pyrimethamine versus Praziquantel in the Treatment of Schistosoma haematobium in Children. PLoS ONE 2009; 4: e6732
  • King CH. Schistosomiasis. Tropical Infectious Diseases, principles, pathogens and practice 2001; 1341–1348
  • MSH. The International Drug Price Indicator Guide. 2008; 2010, http://www.msh.org
  • Appleton CC, Kvalsvig JD. A school-based helminth control programme successfully implemented in KwaZulu-Natal. South Afr J Epidemiol Infect 2006; 21: 55–67
  • Katz N, Rocha R, Chaves A. Preliminary trials with praziquantel in human infections due to Schistosoma mansoni. Bull World Health Organ 1979; 57:781–785
  • Davis A, Biles JE, Ulrich AM. Initial experiences with praziquantel in the treatment of human infections due to Schistosoma haematobium. Bull World Health Organ 1979; 57: 773–779
  • lshizaki T, Kamo E, Boehme K. Double blind studies of tolerance to praziquantel in Japanese patients with Schistosoma japonicum infections. Bull World Health Organ 1979; 57: 787–791
  • Reich MR, Govindaraj R, Dumbaugh K, Yang B, Brinkmann A, El-Saharty S. International strategies for tropical disease treatments: experiences with praziquantel. 1998; 1–116
  • WHO. The control of Schistosomiasis, Report of a WHO expert committee. Technical Report Series no. 728, 1985
  • EI Malatawy A, EI Habashy A, Lechine N, Dixon H, Davis A, Mott KE. Selective population chemotherapy among schoolchildren in Beheira govemorate: the UNICEF/Arab Republic of Egypt/WHO Schistosomiasis Control Project. Bull World Health Organ 1992; 70: 47–56
  • Appleton CC, Mbaye A. Praziquantel - quality, dosages and markers of resistance. Trends Parasitol 2001; 17: 356–357
  • Doenhoff MJ, Kimani G, Cioli D. Praziquantel and the control of Schistosomiasis. Parasitol Today 2000; 16: 364–367
  • Fenwick A, Webster JP, Bosque-Oliva E, et al. The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI): rationale, development and implementation from 2002-2008. Parasitology 2009; 136: 1719–1730
  • Venter F. Delay in registration of antiretrovirals by Medicines Control Council. 2010; http://www.sahivsoc.org/index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=59&task=doc_download&gid=69
  • Motsoaledi A. Debate on the Health Budget Vote Speech by Dr Aaron Motsoaledi MP - Minister of Health. The national Department of Health's policy priorities and budget for 2010/11 2010
  • Chien CV, Fenwick A, West LP. HIV/AIDS Drugs for Sub-Saharan Africa: How do Brand and Generic Supply Compare. PLoS ONE 2007; 2: e278
  • Abbott F. The WTO Medicines Decision: World Pharmaceutical Trade and the Protecion of Public Health. Am J Int Law 2005; 99: 317–358
  • Cioli D, Pica-Mattoccia L. Praziquantel. Parasitol Res 2003; 90: S3–9
  • Gryseels B, et al. Field Trials of Praziquantel and Oxamniquine for the Treatment of S. Mansoni in Burundi. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1987; 8: 641–644
  • Utroska JA, Chen MG, Dixon H, et al. An estimate of the global needs for praziquantel within schistosomiasis control programmes. 1989; 1–92. htip://whglibdoc.who.int/hg/1989/WHO_SCHIST0_89.102_Rev1.pdf
  • WHO. The Control of Schistosomiasis. Second report of the WHO expert committee. Technical series no. 830, 1993
  • Korte R, Schmidt-Ehry B, Kielmann M, Brinkmann UK. Cost and effectiveness of different approaches to schistosomiasis control in Africa. Trop Med Parasitol 1986; 37: 149–150
  • Chitsulo L, Loverde P, Engels D. Schistosomiasis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004; 2: 12–13
  • Garba A, Toure S, Dembele R, Bosque-Oliva E and Fenwick A. Implementation of national schistosomiasis control programmes in West Africa. Trends ParasitoI2006; 22: 322–326
  • Kabatereine NB, Fleming FM, Nyandindi U, Mwanza JC, Blair L The control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in East Africa. Trends Parasitol 2006; 22: 332–339