Clinical profile of patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer at the Pulmonology Division, Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein, 2010-2011

References

• National Cancer Registry. Summary statistics of cancer diagnosed histologically in 2004. NCR [homepage on the Internet]. c2012. Available from: http://www.cansa.org.za/cause data/images/1056/Cancer Registry 2004.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• National Health Laboratory Service. Legislation ushers South Africa into a new era for cancer registration. NHLS [homepage on the Internet]. c2012. Available from: http://www. nioh.ac.zanid=13&page=topical&rid=96
   Google Scholar
• Bateman C. Cancer data collection: blunt instruments get some honing. S Afr Med J. 2011101(1):434–435.
   Google Scholar
• Albrecht C. Overview of the South African cancer research environment as a basis for discussions concerning the activation of the Cancer Research Initiative of South Africa. [homepage on the Internet]. 2006. c2012. Available from: http://www.sahealthinfo/org/cancer/overviewdocumentpdf
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health, South Africa. National Health Act, 2003 (Act No 61 of 2003). Regulations relating to cancer registration. Government Gazette [homepage on the Internet]. c2012. Available from: http://www.nioh.ac.za/assets/files/GazettedVersion26 4 2011(2). pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, et al. GLOBOCAN 2008 v. 1.2: Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Norman R, Mqoqi N, Sitas F. Lifestyle-induced cancer in South Africa. Medical Research Council [homepage on the Internet]. c2012. Available from: http://www.mrc.ac.za/chronic/cdlchapter12.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Koegelenberg CFN, Aubeelack K, Nanguzgambo AB, et al. Adenocarcinoma the most common cell type in patients with primary lung cancer in the Western Cape. S Afr Med J. 2011101(5):321.
   Google Scholar
• Aubeelack K, Koegelenberg CFN, Bolliger CT, et al. Lung cancer in the Western Cape of South Africa: urgent need to improve awareness and earlier detection. S Afr Resp J. 2012;18:11–14.
   Google Scholar
• South African Institute of Race Relations. National profile: population by race and province. SAIRR [homepage on the Internet]. c2012. Available from: http://www.sairr.org.za/publications/fast-facts/fast-facts-2012/files/FF April 2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Stein L, Urban MI, Weber M, et al. Effects of tobacco smoking on cancer and cardiovascular disease in urban black South Africans. Br J Cancer. 2008;98(9):1586–1592.
   Google Scholar
• Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, et al. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol. 1982;5(6):649–655.
   Google Scholar
• Detterbeck FC, Boffa DJ, Tanoue LT. The new lung cancer staging system. Chest 2009;136:260–271.
   Google Scholar
• Hardy D, Chan W, Liu C, et al. Racial disparities in length of stay in hospice care by tumor stage in a large elderly cohort with non-small cell lung cancer. Palliat Med. 2012;26(1):61–71.
   Google Scholar
• Berz D, Fancy-Anderson KE, Weitzen S, et al. Do race and ethnicity predict survival in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer? Med Health RI. 2010;93(10):299–302.
   Google Scholar
• McCann J, Artinian V, Duhaime L, et al. Evaluation of the causes for racial disparity in surgical treatment of early stage lung cancer. Chest 2005;128(5):3440–3446.
   Google Scholar
• Mulligan CR, Meram AD, Proctor CD, et al. Unlimited access to care: effect of racial disparity and prognostic factors in lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prey. 2006;15(1):25–31.
   Google Scholar
• Gadgeel SM, Severson RK, Kau Y, et al. Impact of race in lung cancer: analysis of temporal trends from a surveillance, epidemiology and end results database. Chest. 2001120(1):55–63.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz AG, Swanson GM. Lung carcinoma in African Americans and whites: a population-based study in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan. Cancer. 1997;79(1):45–52.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz AG, Wenzlaff AS, Bock CH, et al. Admixture mapping of lung cancer in 1812 African-Americans. Carcinogenesis. 2011;32(3):312–317.
   Google Scholar
• Pinsky PF. Racial and ethnic differences in lung cancer incidence: how much is explained by differences in smoking patterns? Cancer Causes Control. 2006;17(8):1017–1024.
   Google Scholar
• Wynder EL, Muscat JE. The changing epidemiology of smoking and lung cancer histology. Environ Health Perspect. 1995;103(Suppl 8):143–148.
   Google Scholar
• Gadgeel SM, Kalemkerian GP. Racial differences in lung cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2003;22(1):39–46.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz AG, Cote ML, Wenzlaff AS, et al. Racial differences in the association between SNPs on 15q25.1, smoking behaviour, and risk of non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2009;4(10):1195–1201.
   Google Scholar
• Cote ML, Haddad R, Edwards DJ, et al. Frequency and type of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in African Americans with non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2011;6(1):627–630.
   Google Scholar
• Nonemaker JM, Garrett-Mayer E, Carpenter MJ, et al. The risk of dying from lung cancer by race: a prospective cohort study in a biracial cohort in Charleston, South Carolina. Ann Epidemiol. 2009;19(5):304–310.
   Google Scholar
• Etzel CJ, Kachroo S, Liu M, et al. Development and validation of a lung cancer risk prediction model for African-Americans. Cancer Prey Res (Phila). 2008;1(4):255–265.
   Google Scholar
• Mina N, Soubani AO, Cote ML, et al. The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer in African American patients. Clin Lung Cancer. 2012;13(2):149–156.
   Google Scholar
• Albano JD, Ward E, Jemal A, et al. Cancer mortality in the United States by education level and race. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99(18):1384–1394.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa. The quarterly labour force survey. Statistics South Africa [homepage on the Internet]. 2011. c2012. Available from: http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0211/p02114thquarter2011.pdf
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Programme. International human development indicators. Human Development Report [homepage on the Internet]. 2011. c2012. Available from: http://www.hdrstats.0 nd p.org/en/in d icators/103006. htm I
   Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa. General household survey. Statistics South Africa [homepage on the Internet]. 2011. c2012. Available from: https://www.statssa.gov.za/Publications/P0318/P0318ApriI2012.pdf
   Google Scholar