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Original Articles

United States vs. North Korea in No-Limit Poker: Alligator Blood or Dead Money?

Pages 111-126 | Published online: 25 Mar 2009

  • Mansourov , Alexandre . March 2003 . Asia-Pacific Responses to U.S. Security Policies Special Assessments March , Honolulu, HA : Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies . “The Hermit Mouse Roars: North Korea's Response to U.S. Security Policies,” (
  • Name and title not provided as this statement was made in a non-attribution environment.
  • Lai , David . 2004 . Learning From the Stones: A Go Approach to Mastering China's Strategic Concept, Shi Carlisle, PA : Strategic Studies Institute . Also David Lai and Gary W. Hamby, “East Meets West: An Ancient Game Sheds New Light on U.S.-Asian Strategic Relations,” Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, Vol. XIV, No.1 (Spring 2002); Joel Cassman and David Lai, “Football vs. Soccer: American Warfare in an Era of Unconventional Threats,” Armed Forces Journal (November 2003).
  • McManus , James . 2003 . Positively Fifth Street 23 New York : Picador .
  • Brunson , Doyle . 2005 . Super System 2: A Course in Power Poker 557 New York : Cardoza Publishing .
  • Snyder , Scott . 1999 . Negotiating on the Edge: North Korean Negotiating Behavior Washington, DC : United States Institute of Peace Press . See (and William Roskey, “Korea's Costliest Battle: The POW Impasse,” Parameters, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Summer 1993 for a good discussion of the negotiation style of North Koreans and the account of the Korean War Armistice talks.
  • Richard A. Mobley, “Pueblo: A Retrospective,” Naval War College Review, Vol. 54, No. 2 (Spring 2001), p. 98.
  • McManus, Positively Fifth Street, p. 86.
  • Richard A. Mobley, “Revisiting the Korean Tree-Trimming Incident,” Joint Force Quarterly, Vol. 35 (Summer 2003), p. 108.
  • North Korea received its first nuclear research reactor from the Soviet Union in 1965. It subsequently sent students and scientists to study nuclear technology in the Soviet Union. The Soviets also helped North Korea set up five other nuclear research facilities in various places. See Gong Keyu, “North Korea's Nuclear Capacity and Its Struggle with the United States.” Guoji Wenti Luntan [International Forum], Shanghai Institute of International Studies (March 2002). See also “North Korea and Nuclear Weapons: The Declassified U.S. Record,” National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book, No. 87, edited by Robert A. Wampler, April 25, 2003. Also see State Department “Background Note: North Korea,” available at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2792.htm (accessed on August 15, 2005); The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Non-Proliferation Project, “Tracking Nuclear Proliferation, 1998, North Korea,” available at http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=125&prog=zgp&proj=znpp (accessed on Aug. 15, 2005); and the Federation of American Scientists, “North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program,” available at http://www.fas.org (accessed on August 15, 2005). North Korea signed an agreement with the IAEA in 1977, allowing the latter to inspect North Korea's nuclear research facilities; in 1985, North Korea acceded to the Treaty of Non-Proliferation. On both occasions, the Soviet Union put pressure on North Korea to do so. The Soviets provided North Korea the research nuclear reactor and technology. It felt prudent to put North Korea under the watch of the international nuclear non-proliferation organizations.
  • See the full text of the Agreed Framework at the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO) web site (www.kedo.org) and the current status of the project.
  • Snyder, Negotiating on the Edge, p. 72.
  • Zhang Liangui, “North Korea Nuclear Problem after the Second Six-Party Talk, Part I,” Xuexi Shibao [Study Times], March 25, 2004. See also CNN report, “N. Korea Admits Having Nukes,” April 25, 2003, available at http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/04/24/nkorea.us (accessed on Aug. 15, 2005).
  • Nicholas Eberstadt, “Kim's Nuclear Winter,” Wall Street Journal, Feb. 14, 2005, p. A18.
  • Snyder, Negotiating on the Edge, p. 9.
  • Kevin Madden, “Seeing Through Kim's Korea,” Far Eastern Economic Review (January/February 2005), p. 44.
  • McManus, Positively Fifth Street, p. 107.
  • Snyder, Negotiating on the Edge, p. 150.
  • Brunson, Super System 2, p. 555.
  • Snyder, Negotiating on the Edge, p. 153.
  • McManus, Positively Fifth Street, p. 102.
  • Brunson, Super System 2, p. 178.
  • Ibid.
  • Victor D. Cha, “Korea's Place in the Axis,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 81, No. 3 (May/June 2002), p. 79.
  • Ibid., p. 80.
  • Ibid., p. 82.
  • George Perkovich, “Let's Make a Deal,” Foreign Policy, Vol. 112 (Fall 1998), p. 15.
  • Mansourov, “The Hermit Mouse Roars,” p. 7.

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