- See, for example, J. N. Mak, “The ASEAN Naval Build-up: Implications for the Regional Order” in the Pacific Review, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1995, pp. 303–26 for an analysis of the reasons for the buildup in naval capabilities in the region.
- Jones , P. L. 1995 . “Maritime Confidence-building in the Middle East” . In Arms Control, Confidence-building and Security Co-operation in the Mediterranean, North Africa and the Middle East Edited by: Tanner , F. Malta : University of Malta . For more on the Middle East INCSEA negotiations see in (ed), (See also, P. L. Jones, “Maritime Confidence-building Measures in the Middle East” in a forthcoming Henry L. Stimson Centre publication. (It should be noted that the author was until recently a member of the Canadian Foreign Ministry and took part in the Middle East maritime CBM discussions). For a brief discussion of the idea that one might learn from the Middle East experience in other regional contexts, such as the Asia-Pacific region, see G. Segal, “From Middle East Arms Control Talks, Some Pointers for East Asia” in International Herald Tribune, August 16, 1995, p. 8.
- Lynn-Jones , S. M. 1993 . “Agreements to Prevent Incidents at Sea and Dangerous Military Activities: Potential Applications in the Asia-Pacific Region” . In A Peaceful Ocean? Maritime Security in the Pacific in the Post-Cold War Era Edited by: Andrew , Mack . Canberra : Australian National University Press . See, for example, in, (ed.) (See also C. A. Meconis, “Naval Arms Control in the Asia-Pacific Region after the Cold War” in Ocean Yearbook 11 (International Ocean Institute, U. of Chicago Press, 1994); and R. Swinnerton and D. Ball, “A Regional Regime for Maritime Surveillance, Safety and Information Exchanges” Working Paper No. 278 of the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre (Canberra: ANU, 1993); and R. Swinnerton, “Confidence-building Measures at Sea: the Challenges ahead in Southeast Asia” in the Pacific Review, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1995, pp. 327–44 (see esp. pp. 337–38). For more see Capt. Skaridov, Cmdr. Thompson, and Lt. Cmdr. Yang, “Asian-Pacific Maritime Security: New Possibilities for Naval Cooperation.” The Centre for International Security and Arms Control, Stanford University, February 1994.
- For more on the original INCSEA negotiations see: S. Weeks, “Measures to Prevent Major Incidents at Sea” in J. Goldblat, (ed.) Maritime Security: The Building of Confidence, (New York: United Nations, 1992); R. P. Hilton, “A Confidence-Building Measure at Work: The 1972 United States-USSR Incidents at Sea Agreement” Disarmament Topical Papers 4: Naval Confidence-Building Measures (New York: United Nations, 1990); and S. M. Lynn-Jones, “A Quiet Success for Arms Control: Preventing Incidents at Sea” in International Security, Spring 1985, Vol. 9, No. 4.
- Peters , Joel . 1994 . Building Bridges: The Arab-Israeli Multilateral Talks London : Royal Institute of International Affairs . Canada's activities are part of the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group, one of five such groups in the multilateral track of the Middle East peace process. The participants in these discussions are: Algeria; Bahrain; Egypt; Israel; Jordan; Kuwait; Mauritania; Morocco; Oman; the Palestinian Delegation; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Tunisia; the United Arab Emirates; and Yemen. For more on the process generally see (See also Peter Jones, “The Middle East in 1995: The Peace Process Continues” in SIPRI Yearbook, 1996 (London: Oxford University Press, forthcoming) and G. Steinberg, “Middle East Arms Control and Regional Security” Survival, Vol. 36, No. 1, Spring 1994.
- Sweden had proposed in 1989 that the US-USSR INCSEA Agreement be “multi-lateralized” as a UN Document open for signature by all. Stockholm put forward a list of elements of such a possible multilateral agreement, but not a text. The idea was never pursued. See “A Multilateral Agreement for the Prevention of Incidents at Sea,” working paper submitted by Sweden UN Disarmament Commission, A/CN.10/121, May 10, 1989.
- For the sake of simplicity, the term “agreement” will continue to be used in this paper when referring to whatever may come out of the current process. This term is not meant to prejudice whatever may be eventually decided.
- For more on this question see Weeks, “Measures to Prevent Major Incidents at Sea,” Hilton, “A Confidence-building Measure at Work” and Lynn-Jones, “A Quiet Success for Arms Control.”
- See Swinnerton and Ball, “CBMs at Sea: the Challenges Ahead,” p. 16.
- One analyst has stated that, as the Chinese and Japanese “navies gradually expand their areas of naval operations into the surrounding seas, this may eventually see Chinese and Japanese warships patrolling in close proximity to each other, raising the risk of potential misunderstandings and incidents at sea.” See T. M. Cheung, “Emerging Chinese Perspectives on Naval Arms Control and Confidence-building Measures” in A. Mack (ed.) A Peaceful Ocean?, p. 124.
- See, for example, Agence France-Presse “Manila Tears Down Chinese Structures in Spratlys” in the International Herald Tribune, March 30, 1995, and, Agence France Presse “Analysts See Chance of Small Skirmishes in Disputed Spratlys” in the International Herald Tribune, April 21, 1995.
- It should also be noted that some regional states are also beginning to acquire maritime systems beyond those required simply for coastal patrol. For more on this see J. N. Mak, “The ASEAN Naval Build-up,” and Meconis, “Naval Arms Control.”
- US General Accounting Office . June 1995 . Impact of China's Military Modernization in the Pacific Region June , Washington : US GAO . See, for example, (
- See Swinnerton, “A Regional Regime,” (1995). Lynn-Jones also suggests such a regime in his “Agreements to Prevent…” in Mack (ed.), A Peaceful Ocean?
- Swinnerton, “A Regional Regime” (1995) suggests this on p. 337.
- For more on these activities see Swinnerton and Ball, “CBMs at Sea.” See also Commander W. S. G. Bateman, “Multinational Naval Co-operation—A Pacific View,” paper presented to a conference on Multinational Naval Co-operation held at the Royal Naval College at Greenwich, December 1991. See esp. pp. 15–17.
Korean Journal of Defense Analysis
Volume 8, 1996 - Issue 1