1,686
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Urban attraction: Bhutanese internal rural–urban migration

&
Pages 1-16 | Received 14 Oct 2012, Accepted 26 Mar 2013, Published online: 25 Apr 2013

References

  • ADB (Asian Development Bank). 2001. “Poverty Reduction Partnership Agreement between the Royal Government of Bhutan and the Asian Development Bank.” Accessed September 6, 2008. http://www.adb.org/Documents/Poverty/pa_bhu.pdf
  • ADB 2003. Project Performance Audit Report on the Rural Electrification Project in Bhutan. Manila: Asian Development Bank.
  • Arango, J 2000. “Explaining Migration: A Critical Review.” International Social Science Journal 52 (165): 283–296. doi: 10.1111/1468-2451.00259
  • Chan, K. W., and L. Zhang 1999. “The Hukou System and Rural-Urban Migration in China: Processes and Changes.” China Quarterly 160: 818–855. doi: 10.1017/S0305741000001351
  • Dang, A., S. Goldstein, and J. McNally 1997. “Internal Migration and Development in Vietnam.” Internal Migration Review 31 (2): 312–337. doi: 10.2307/2547222
  • Department of Urban Development and Engineering Services. 2004. “Thimphu Structural Plan.” Department of Urban Development and Engineering Services. http://www.duddh.gov.bt/Thimphustructural/Index.html
  • Deshingkar, P. 2006. “Internal Migration, Poverty and Development in Asia.” Promoting Growth Ending Poverty Asia 2015, March 6–7
  • Gosai, M. A. 2009. “Land Use Change in Thimphu, Bhutan from 1990-2007: Effects of Cultural, Political, and Economic Frameworks.” PhD Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
  • Kezang, W. J. 2004. “Telecommunications in the Land of the Thunder Dragon: Recent Developments in Bhutan.” Telecommunications Policy 28 (11): 785–800. doi: 10.1016/j.telpol.2004.09.004
  • Lall, S. V., H. Selod, and Z. Shalizi. 2006. Rural-Urban Migration in Developing Countries: A Survey of Theoretical Predictions and Empirical Findings. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3915
  • Lewis, W. A. 1954. “Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour.” Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies 22 (2): 139–191. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9957.1954.tb00021.x
  • MOA (Ministry of Agriculture) 2005. Rural Urban Migration in Bhutan. Policy and Planning Division of the Ministry of Agriculture. Thimphu: Royal Government of Bhutan.
  • National Environment Commission 2012. Bhutan: In Pursuit of Sustainable Development. Thimphu: National Environment Commission.
  • National Statistics Bureau 2005. Population and Housing Census of Bhutan 2005. Thimphu: National Statistics Bureau.
  • Norbu, N. 2008. “Labour Migration Trends, Policies, and Challenges.” Accessed April 12, 2013. http://www.adbi.org/files/2008.05.29.cpp.norbu.country.presentations.bhutan.pdf
  • Piore, M. J. 1979. Birds of Passage: Migrant Labor in Industrial Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • RGoB (Royal Government of Bhutan) 1999. Forest Resources of Bhutan: Country Report. Rome: Forest Resource Division.
  • RGoB 2005. Population Fact Sheet. Thimphu: Bhutan Census, National Statistics Bureau.
  • Rosellini, N., D. Gustafson, A. Wijeyesekera, and G. Daly 2006. Bhutan Common Country Assessment. Thimphu: UN House.
  • Sjaastad, L. A. 1962. “The Costs and Returns of Human Migration.” Journal of Political Economy 70 (5): 80–93. doi: 10.1086/258726
  • Stark, O., and D. Bloom. 1985. “The New Economics of Labor Migration.” The American Economic Review, 75 (3): 173–178
  • Taylor, J. E. 1999. “The New Economics of Labor Migration and the Role of Remittances in the Migration Process.” International Migration 37 (1): 63–88. doi: 10.1111/1468-2435.00066
  • The Centre for Bhutan Studies. 2012. “Gross National Happiness.” Accessed October 21, 2010. http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com/
  • Thinley, J. 2005. “What Does Gross National Happiness (GNH) Mean?” Keynote speech, 2nd international conference on GNH, Halifax, Canada
  • Todaro, M 1969. “A Model of Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment in Less Developed Countries.” American Economic Association 59 (1): 138–148.
  • Uddin, S., R. Taplin, and X. Yu 2007. “Energy, Environment and Development in Bhutan.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11 (9): 2083–2103. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2006.03.008
  • United Nations Development Program. 2009. Human Development Report 2009: Overcoming Barriers: Human Mobility and Development. New York: United Nations Development Program
  • United States Census Bureau. 2008. “District of Columbia Quick Facts.” Accessed October 21, 2011. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/11000.html

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.