‘It’s time for Afrikaans to go’ . . . or not? Language ideologies and (ir)rationality in the blogosphere

References

• Anderson , B. 1983 . Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism , London : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• Antaki , C. and Wetherell , M. 1999 . Show concessions . Discourse Studies , 1 ( 1 ) : 7 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Augusto , A 2011 . Assessing the introduction of indigenous languages in the educational system in Luanda: A language policy perspective . MA dissertation , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg .
   Google Scholar
• Barton , M.D. 2005 . The future of rational-critical debate in online public spheres . Computer and Composition , 22 ( 2 ) : 177 – 190 .
   Google Scholar
• Beukes , A-M. 2009 . Language policy incongruity and African languages in postapartheid South Africa . Language Matters , 40 ( 1 ) : 35 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackledge , A. 2005 . Discourse and power in a multilingual world , Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu , P. 1991 . Language and symbolic power , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brink , C. 2006 . No lesser place. Die taaldebat at Stellenbosch , Stellenbosch : SUN Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bucholtz , M. and Hall , K. 2005 . Identity and interaction: A sociocultural linguistic approach . Discourse Studies , 7 ( 4–5 ) : 585 – 614 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron , D 2003 . Gender and language ideologies . In The handbook of language and gender , Holmes J. and Meyerhoff M. 447 – 467 . Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Cowling , L. 2010 . Framing essay: The media and the production of public debate . Social Dynamics , 36 ( 1 ) : 78 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean , M. 1999 . Governmentality: Power and rule in modern society , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Basic Education . 2011a . Report on the 2008 and 2009 annual surveys for ordinary schools . Pretoria : DoBE .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Basic Education . 2011b . The status of the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) in South African public schools Pretoria : DoBE .
   Google Scholar
• Dlamini , J. 2009 . Native nostalgia , Johannesburg : Jacana .
   Google Scholar
• DoBE see Department of Basic Education .
   Google Scholar
• Ethnologue . 2012 . http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=afr (20 May 2013) .
   Google Scholar
• Foucault , M. 1980 . Power/knowledge , New York : Pantheon Books .
   Google Scholar
• Fourie , M 2010 . Afrikaans sterf, sê Breyten . Die Burger , 25 March 2010 .
   Google Scholar
• Gafaranga , J. 2007 . Talk in two languages , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Gal , S. and Woolard K.A. 2001 . Constructing languages and publics: Authority and representation . In Languages and publics: The making of authority , ed. Gal S. and Woolard K.A. 1 – 12 . Manchester : St. Jerome .
   Google Scholar
• Habermas , J. 1991 . The social transformation of the public sphere , Boston , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hart , C 2012 . Argumentation meets adapted cognition: Manipulation in media discouse on immigration . http://afrikaans.news24.com/Suid-Afrika/Nuus/Afrikaans-sterf-se-Breyten-20100325 (accessed 20 May 2013) .
   Google Scholar
• Heller , M. 2003 . Globalization, the new economy and the commodification of language and identity . Journal of Sociolinguistics , 7 ( 4 ) : 473 – 492 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herring , S 2001 . Computer-mediated discourse . In The handbook of discourse analysis , Schiffrin D. , Tannen D. and Hamilton H.E. 612 – 634 . Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Irvine , J.T. 1989 . When talk isn't cheap: Language and political economy . American Ethnologist , 16 ( 2 ) : 248 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irvine , J.T. and Gal S. 2000 . Language ideology and linguistics differentiation . In Regimes of language , ed. Kroskrity P.V. 35 – 83 . Santa Fe , NM : School of American Research Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jaffe , A. 2009a . Stance: Sociolinguistic perspectives , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jaffe , A 2009b . The production and reception of language ideologies in practice . In The new sociolinguistic reader , ed. Coupland N. and Jaworski A , 390 – 404 . Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Jaspers , J. 2008 . Problematizing ethnolects: Naming linguistic practices in an Antwerp secondary school . International Journal of Bilingualism , 12 ( 1–2 ) : 85 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , S. 2001 . Who's misunderstanding whom? Sociolinguistics, public debate and the media . Journal of Sociolinguistics , 5 ( 4 ) : 591 – 610 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , S. and Ensslin A. . 2007 . Language in the media: Representations, identities, ideologies . London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , S. and Milani T.M. . 2010 . Language ideologies and media discourse: Texts, practices, politics . London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Kelly-Holmes , H. 2011 . Sex, lies and thematising Irish: New media, old discourses? . Journal of Language and Politics , 10 ( 4 ) : 511 – 534 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly-Holmes , H. and Milani , T.M. 2011 . Introduction: Thematising multilingualism in the media . Journal of Language and Politics , 10 ( 4 ) : 467 – 489 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiesling , S.F 1997 . Power and the language of men . In Language and masculinity , ed. Johnson S. and Meinhof U.H. 65 – 85 . Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Krauss , M. 1992 . The world's languages in crisis . Language , 68 ( 1 ) : 4 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroskrity , P.V , ed. 2002 . Language ideologies . In Handbook of pragmatics onl ine , Östman O. and Verschueren J. Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
   Google Scholar
• Lemke , J 2007 . Identity, development and desire: Critical questions . In Identity trouble: Critical discourse and contested identities , Caldas-Coulthard C. and Iedema R. 17 – 42 . Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Lubbe , J. and Truter , E. 2007 . Gevalle van positiewe taalbeplanning soos gerapporteer in die gedrukte media . Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies , 25 ( 4 ) : 557 – 574 .
   Google Scholar
• McCormick , K 2009 . Polarizing and blending: Compatible practices in a bilingual urban community in Cape Town . In The languages of urban Africa , ed. McLaughlin F. 191 – 209 . London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Milani , T.M. 2008 . Language testing and citizenship: A language ideological debate in Sweden . Language in Society , 37 ( 1 ) : 27 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milani , T.M. 2009 . At the intersection between power and knowledge: An analysis of a Swedish policy document on language testing for citizenship . Journal of Language and Politics , 8 ( 2 ) : 287 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milani , T.M. 2010 . What's in a name? Language ideology and social differentiation in a Swedish print-mediated debate . Journal of Sociolinguistics , 14 ( 1 ) : 116 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milani , T.M. , Davies , B. and Turner , W. 2011 . Unity in disunity: Centripetal and centrifugal forces on the BBC Voices website . Journal of Language and Politics , 14 ( 4 ) : 587 – 614 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milani , T.M. and Johnson S . 2008 . CDA and language ideology: Towards a reflexive approach to discourse data . In Methoden der Diskurslinguistik: Sprachwissenschaftliche Zugaenge zur transtextuellen Ebene , ed. Warnke I. H. and Spitzmuller J. 361 – 384 . Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Milani , T.M. and Jonsson , R. 2012 . Who's afraid of Rinkeby Swedish? Stylization, complicity, resistance . Journal of Linguistic Anthropology , 22 ( 1 ) : 44 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milani , T.M. , Jonsson R. and Mhlambi I.J. (In press) . Shooting the subversive: When non-normative linguistic practices go mainstream in the media . In Language, youth and identity in the 21st century , ed. Nortier J. and Svendsen B.A Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Milroy , J. 2001 . Language ideologies and the consequences of standardization . Journal of Sociolinguistics , 5 ( 4 ) : 530 – 555 .
   Google Scholar
• Mouffe , C 2000 . Deliberative democracy or agonistic pluralism? Political Science Paper Series 72 . Vienna : Institute for Advanced Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Murray , S 2002 . Language issues in South African education: An overview . In Language in South Africa , ed. Mesthrie R. 434 – 448 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Myers , G. 2010 . The discourse of blogs and wikis , London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Myers-Scotton , C. 1993 . Social motivation for code-switching: Evidence from Africa , Oxford : Clarendon .
   Google Scholar
• Orman , J. 2008 . Language policy and nation-building in post-apartheid South Africa , Amsterdam : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Painter , D 2010 . Tongue tied: The politics of language, subjectivity and social psychology in South Africa . PhD dissertation , University of South Africa , Pretoria
   Google Scholar
• Papacharissi , Z. 2009 . The virtual sphere 2.0: The internet, the public sphere and beyond . In Routledge handbook of internet politics , ed. Chadwick A. and Howard P. 230 – 245 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Pardoe , S 2000 . Respect and the pursuit of ‘symmetry’ in researching literacy and student writing . In Situated literacies: Reading and writing in context , ed. Barton D. , Hamilton M. and Ivanic R. 149 – 166 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Perry , T. 2004 . The case of the toothless watchdog: Language rights and ethnic mobilization in South Africa . Ethnicities , 4 ( 4 ) : 501 – 521 .
   Google Scholar
• Pienaar , M. 2008 . A decline in language rights violation complaints received by PanSALB – The case of Afrikaans . Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics , 38 : 125 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• Probyn , M. 2006 . Language and learning science in South Africa . Language and Education , 20 ( 5 ) : 391 – 414 .
   Google Scholar
• Reisigl , M. and Wodak R. 2009 . The discourse-historical approach . In Methods of critical discourse analysis , 2nd ed , Wodak R. and Meyer M. 87 – 121 . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Rose , N. 1996 . Governing ‘advanced’ liberal democracies . In Foucault and political reason: Liberalism, neo-liberalism and rationalities of government , ed. Barry A. , Osborne T. and Rose N. 37 – 64 . London : University College London Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schieffelin , B.B. , Woolard K.A. and Kroskrity P.V. . 1998 . Language ideologies: Practice and theory . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Senekal , J.H. 1984 . Afrikaans: ‘n Toekomsblik . In Afrikaans: Stand, taak, toekoms , ed. Prinsloo K.P. and van Rensburg M.C.J. 212 – 228 . Pretoria : HAUM .
   Google Scholar
• Silverstein , M. 1979 . “ Language structure and linguistic ideology ” . In The elements , Edited by: Clyne , P. , Hanks , W. and Hofbauer , C. 193 – 247 . Chicago , IL : Chicago Linguistic Society .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa . 2003 . Census 2001: Census in brief . Pretoria : Statistics South Africa .
   Google Scholar
• Stroud , C. 1999 . “ Portuguese as ideology and politics in Mozambique: Semiotic (re) constructions of a postcolony ” . In Language ideological debates , Edited by: Blommaert , J. 342 – 380 . Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Stroud , C. 2001 . African mother tongue programs and the politics of language: Linguistic citizenship versus linguistic human rights . Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development , 22 ( 4 ) : 339 – 355 .
   Google Scholar
• Stroud , C. 2003 . Postmodernist perspectives on local languages: African mother tongue education in times of globalisation . International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism , 6 ( 1 ) : 17 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Stroud , C. 2004 . The performativity of codeswitching. Women street vendors in Mozambique . International Journal of Bilingualism , 8 ( 2 ) : 145 – 166 .
   Google Scholar
• Swanepoel , P. 1992 . “ Taal, emosises en die toekoms van Afrikaans ” . In Afrikaans ná Apartheid , Edited by: Webb , V. 119 – 163 . Pretoria : Van Schaik .
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk , T.A. 1998 . Ideology: A multidisciplinary approach , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Wodak , R. 2000 . “ Recontextualisation and the transformation of meanings: A critical discourse analysis of decision making in EU meetings about employment policies ” . In Discourse and social life , Edited by: Sarangi , S. and Coulthard , M. 185 – 206 . London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Wodak , R. 2001 . “ The discourse-historical approach ” . In Methods of critical discourse analysis , Edited by: Wodak , R. and Meyer , M. 63 – 94 . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Wodak , R. and Koller V. . 2008 . The handbook of communication in the public sphere . Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Wodak , R. , de Cillia , R. , Reisigl , M. and Liebhart , K. 1999 . The discursive construction of national identity , Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Woolard , K.A. 1998 . “ Language ideology as a field of inquiry ” . In Language ideologies: Practice and theory , Edited by: Schieffelin , B.B. , Woolard , K.A. and Kroskrity , P.V. 3 – 47 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Worsham , L. and Olson , G. L. 1999 . Rethinking political community: Chantal Mouffes liberal socialism . JAC , 19 ( 2 ) : 163 – 1999 .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , S. and Street , J. 2007 . Democracy, deliberation and design: The case of online discussion forums . New Media and Society , 9 ( 5 ) : 849 – 869 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar