Advanced search
Publication Cover
Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology Volume 35, 2002 - Issue 1-2
Submit an article Journal homepage
1,377
Views
268
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Visual feeding of fish in a turbid environment: Physical and behavioural aspects

A.C. Utne-Palm Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, Bergen, N-5020, Norway
Pages 111-128 | Published online: 26 Oct 2010

  • Abrahams , M. and Kattenfeld , M. 1997 . The role of turbidity as a constraint on predator-prey interactions in aquatic environments . Behav. Ecol. Scosiobiol. , 40 : 169 – 174 .
  • Aksnes , D.L. and Giske , J. 1993 . A theoretical model of aquatic visual feeding . Ecol. Model , 67 : 233 – 250 .
  • Aksnes , D.L. and Utne , A.C.W. 1997 . A revised model of visual range in fish . Sarsia , 82 : 137 – 147 .
  • Ali , M.A. , Ryder , R.A. and Anctil , M. 1977 . Photoreceptor and visual pigments as related to behavioral responses and preferred habitats of perches (Perca spp.) and pikeperches (Stizostedion spp.) . J. Fish. Res. Board Can. , 34 : 1475 – 1480 .
  • Anthony , P.D. 1981a . Visual contrast thresholds in the cod Gadus morhua L . J. Fish Biol. , 19 : 87 – 103 .
  • Anthony , P.D. 1981b . Fish behaviour studies. Triennial Review of Research 1979-1981 , 23 – 27 . Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland .
  • Bagarinao , T. and Hunter , J.R. 1983 . The visual feeding threshold and action spectrum of northern anchovy (Engraulus mordax) larvae . CaICOFI Rep. , 24 : 245 – 254 .
  • Barrett , J.C. , Grossman , G.D. and Rosenfeld , J. 1992 . Turbidity - induced changes in reactive distance of rainbow trout . Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. , 121 : 437 – 443 .
  • Benfield , M.C. and Minello , T.J. 1996 . Relative effects of turbidity and light intensity on reactive distance and feeding of an estuarien fish . Enron. Biol. Fish , 46 : 211 – 216 .
  • Blaber , S.J. and Blaber , T.G. 1980 . Factors affecting the distribution of juvenile estuarine and inshore fishes . J. Fish Biol. , 17 : 143 – 162 .
  • Boehlert , G.W. and Morgan , J.B. 1985 . Turbidity enhances feeding of larval Pacific herring, Clupea harenguspallasi . Hydrobiologia , 123 : 161 – 170 .
  • Bowmaker , J.K. 1995 . The visual pigments of fish . Prog. Retinal Eye Res. , 15 : 1 – 31 .
  • Bristow , B.T. and Summerfelt , R.C. 1994 . Performance of larval Walleye cultured intensively in clear and turbid water . J. W. Aqua. Soc. , 25 : 454 – 464 .
  • Bristow , B.T. , Summerfelt , R.C. and Clayton , R.D. 1996 . Comparative performance of intensively cultured larval walleye in clear, turbide and colored water . Prog. Fish Cult. , 58 : 1 – 10 .
  • Browman , H.I. and Marcotte , B.M. 1987 . Effects of prey color and background color on feeding by Atlantic salmon alevins . Prog. Fish Cult. , 49 : 140 – 143 .
  • Browman , H. I. and Hawryshyn , C. W. 1994 . The developmental trajectory of ultraviolet photosensitivity in rainbow-trout is altered by thyroxine . Vision Res. , 34 : 1397 – 1406 .
  • Browman , H. I. , Novales-Flamarique , I. and Hawryshyn , C. W. 1994 . Ultraviolet photoreception contri-butes to prey search behaviour in two species of zooplanktivorous fishes . J. Exp. Biol. , 186 : 187 – 198 .
  • Bruton , M.N. 1985 . The effects of suspensoids on fish . Hydrobiologia , 125 : 221 – 241 .
  • Cameron , N.B. 1982 . The photopic spectral sensitivity of a dichromatic teleost fish (Perca fluviatilis) . Vision Res. , 22 : 1341 – 1348 .
  • Cerri , R.D. 1983 . The effect of light intensity on predator and prey behaviour in cyprenid fish: factors that influence prey risk . Anim. Behav. , 31 : 736 – 742 .
  • Chesney , E.J. 1989 . Estimating the food requirement of striped bass larvae Morone saxatilis: effects of light, turbidity and turbulence . Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , 53 : 191 – 200 .
  • Confer , J.L. and Blades , P.I. 1975 . Omnivorous Zooplankton and planktivorous fish . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 20 : 571 – 579 .
  • Confer , J.L. , Howick , G.L. , Corzett , M.H. , Kramer , S.L. , Fitzgibbon , S. and Landesberg , R. 1978 . Visual predation by planktivorous . Oikos , 31 : 27 – 37 .
  • Crowl , T. A. 1989 . Effects of crayfish size, orientation, and movement on the reaction distance of largemouth bass foraging in clear and turbid water . Hydrobiologia , 183 : 133 – 140 .
  • Cyrus , D.P. and Blaber , J.M. 1987a . The influence of turbidity on juvenile marine fishes in estuaries. Part 1. Field studies at lake St. Lucia on the south-east coast of Africa . J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , 109 : 53 – 70 .
  • Cyrus , D.P. and Blaber , J.M. 1987b . The influence of turbidity on juvenile marine fishes in the estuaries of Natal, South Africa . Conti. Shelf Sci. , 7 : 1411 – 1416 .
  • Cyrus , D.P. and Blaber , J.M. 1992 . Turbidity and salinity in a tropical Northern Australian Estuary and their influence on fish distribution . Estu. Coast. Shelf Sci. , 35 : 545 – 563 .
  • Douglas , R.H. and Hawryshyn , C.W. 1990 . “ Behavioural studies offish vision: an analysis of visual capabil-ity ” . In The visual system offish , Edited by: Douglas , R.H. and Djamqoz , M.B.A. 373 – 417 . Chapman and Hall .
  • Douglas , R.H. , Bowmaker , J.K. and Kunz , Y.W. 1995 . “ Ultraviolet vision in fish ” . In Seeing Contour and Colour , Edited by: Kulikowski , F.F. , Dickinson , C.M. and Murray , I.F. 601 – 616 . Oxford : Pergamon .
  • Duntley , S.Q. 1943 . The mathematics of turbid media . J. Opt. Soc. Am. , 33 : 253 – 257 .
  • Duntley , S.Q. 1963 . Light in the sea . J. Opt. Soc. Am. , 53 : 214 – 233 .
  • Eggers , D.M. 1977 . The nature of prey selection by planktivorous fish . Ecology , 58 : 46 – 59 .
  • Eiane , K. , Aksnes , D.L. , Bagoien , E. and Kaartvedt , S. 1999 . Fish or jellies - a question of visibility? Limnol . Oceanogr. , 44 : 1352 – 1357 .
  • Fiksen , O. , Aksnes , D.L. , Flyum , M. and Giske , J. A model of possible effects on fish larvae from enhanced primary production . Hydrobiol. , (submitted)
  • Flamarique , I.N. 2000 . The ontogeny of ultraviolet sensitivity, cone disappearance and regeneration in the sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka . J. Exp. Biol. , 203 : 1161 – 1172 .
  • Ginetz , R.M. and Larkin , P.A. 1976 . Factors affecting rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) prédation on migrant fry of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) . J. Fish. Res. Board Can. , 33 : 19 – 24 .
  • Giguere , L.A. and Dunbrack , R.L. 1990 . Thin layer interference may reduce the visibility of transparent phantom midge larvae (Charaoborus trivittatus) to predators . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 47 : 1043 – 1046 .
  • Giske , J. , Aksnes , D.L. and Fiksen , O. 1994 . Visual predators, environmental variables and Zooplankton mortality risk . Vie Millieu , 44 : 1 – 9 .
  • Gradall , K.S. and Swenson , W.A. 1982 . Responses of brook trout and creek chubs to turbidity . Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., Ill , : 392 – 395 .
  • Gregory , R.S. 1993 . The effect of turbidity on the predator avoidance behaviour of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 50 : 241 – 246 .
  • Gregory , R.S. and Northcote , T.G. 1993 . Surface, planktonic, and benthic foraging by juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in turbid laboratory conditions . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 50 : 233 – 240 .
  • Gregory , R.S. , Servizi , J.A. and Martins , D.W. 1993 . Comment: utility of the stress index for predicting suspended sediment effects . N. Am. J. Fish. Manag. , 13 : 868 – 873 .
  • Gregory , R.S. 1994 . “ The influence of ontogeny, perceived risk of prédation, and visual ability on the foraging behavior of juvenile chinook salmon ” . In Theory and Application in Fish Feeding Ecology , 271 – 284 . Columbia : Belle Baruch Lib. Mar. Sci., Univ. South Carolina Press .
  • Gregory , R.S. and Levings , C.D. 1998 . Turbidity reduces predation on migrating juvenile Pacific Salmon . Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. , 127 : 275 – 285 .
  • Guthrie , D.M. and Muntz , W.R.A. 1993 . “ Role of vision in fish behaviour ” . In Behaviour of teleost fishes. , 2nd Edn. , Edited by: Pitcher , T.P. 89 – 121 . London, , U.K. : Chapman and Hall .
  • Hawryshyn , C.W. 1992 . Polarization vision in fish . Am. Sci. , 80 : 164 – 175 .
  • Hawryshyn , C.W. and McFarland , W.N. 1987 . Cone photoreseptor mecanisms and the detection of polarized-light in fish . J. Comp. Physiol. , 160 : 459 – 465 .
  • Hecht , T. and van der Lingen , C.D. 1992 . Turbidity-induced changes in feeding strategies offish estuaries . S. Afr. J. Zool. , 27 : 95 – 107 .
  • Hemmings , C.C. 1965 . “ Factors influencing the visibility of objects under water ” . In Light as an ecological factor , Edited by: Bainbridge , R. , Evans , G.C. and Rackham , O. 359 – 374 . Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications .
  • Hester , F.J. 1968 . Visual contrast thresholds of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) . Vision Res. , 8 : 1315 – 1335 .
  • Hinshaw , J.M. 1985 . Effects of illumination and prey contrast on survival and growth of larvael Yellow Perch Percaflavescens . Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. , 114 : 540 – 545 .
  • Holling , C.S. 1966 . The functional response of invertebrate predators to prey density . Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. , 48 : 1 – 86 .
  • Holmes , R.A. and Gibson , R.N. 1986 . Visual cues determining prey by the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L . J. Fish Biol. , 29 : 49 – 58 .
  • Howick , G.L. and O'Brien , W.J. 1983 . Piscivorous feeding behaviour of largemouth bass: an experimental analysis . Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. , 112 : 508 – 516 .
  • Jerlov , N.G. 1968 . Optical Oceanography , Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Kirk , J.T.O. 1980 . Relationship between nephelometric turbidity and scattering coeffcient in certain Australia waters . Aust. J. Mar. and Freshwater Res. , 31 : 1 – 12 .
  • Kunz , Y.W. , Wildenburg , G. , Goodrich , L. and Callaghan , E. 1994 . The fate of ultraviolet receptors in the retina of the Atlantic salmon (Salmon solar) . Vision Res. , 34 : 1375 – 1383 .
  • Lazzaro , X. 1987 . A review of planktivorous fishes: Their evolution, feeding behaviours, selectivities, and impacts . Hydrobiologia , 146 : 97 – 167 .
  • Levy , D.A. and Northcote , T.G. 1982 . Juvenile salmon residency in march area of the Fraser River estuary . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 39 : 270 – 276 .
  • Li , K.T. , Wetterer , J.K. and Hairstone , N.G. 1985 . Fish size visual resolution, and prey selectivity . Ecology , 66 : 1729 – 1735 .
  • Locket , N.A. 1977 . “ Adaptations to the deep-sea environment ” . In Handbook of sensory physiology , Edited by: Crescitelli , F. Vol. 7 , 68 – 192 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Loew , E.W. and McFarland , W.N. 1990 . “ The underwater visual environment ” . In The visual system offish , Edited by: Douglas , R.H. and Djamgoz , M.B.A. 1 – 44 . London, , U.K. : Chapman and Hall .
  • Loew , E.R. and Wahl , C.M. 1991 . A short-wavelength sensitive cone mechanism in juvenile yellow perch, Perca flavescens . Vision Res. , 31 : 353 – 360 .
  • Loew , E.R. , McFarland , W.N. , Mills , E.L. and Hunter , D. 1993 . A chromatic action spectrum for planktonic predation by juvenile yellow perch, Perca flavescens . Can. J. Zool. , 71 : 384 – 386 .
  • Loew , E.R. , McAlary , F.A. and McFarland , W.N. 1996 . “ Ultraviolet sensitivity in the larvae of two species of marine atherinid fishes ” . In Zooplankton Sensory Ecology and Physiology , Edited by: Lenz , P.H. , Hartline , D.K. , Purcell , J.E. and Macmillan , DJ. 195 – 209 . Sydny : Gordon and Breach .
  • Losey , O.S. , Cronin , T.W. , Goldsmith , T.H. , Hyde , D. , Marshall , NJ. and McFarland , W.N. 1999 . The UV visual world of fish: a review . J. Fish Biol. , 54 : 921 – 943 .
  • Lythgoe , J.N. and Hemmings , C.C. 1967 . Polarized light and underwater vision . Nature , 213 : 893 – 894 .
  • Lythgoe , J.N. 1968 . Visual pigments and visual range underwater . Vision Res. , 8 : 997 – 1012 .
  • Lythgoe , J.N. 1975 . “ The ecology, function and phylogeny of iridescent multilayers in fish corneas ” . In Light as an Ecological Factor II , Edited by: Evans , G.C. , Bainbridge , R. and Rackham , O. 211 – 247 . Oxford : Blackwell .
  • Lythgoe , J.N. 1979 . The Ecology of Vision , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Lythgoe , J.N. 1980 . “ Vision in fish: ecological adaptations ” . In Environmental physiology of fishes , Edited by: AIi , M. A. 431 – 446 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Lythgoe , J.N. 1984 . Visual pigments and environmental light . Vision Res. , 24 : 1539 – 1550 .
  • Macs , J. , Taillieu , A. , Van Damme , P.A. , Cottenie , K. and Ollevier , F. 1998 . Seasonal patterns in the fish and crustacean community of turbid temperate estuary (Zeeschelde Estuary, Belgium) . Estu. Coast. Shelf Sci. , 47 : 143 – 151 .
  • McDonald , G.G. and Hawryshyn , C.W. 1995 . Intraspecific variation of spectral sensitivity in threespined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from different photic regimes . J. Comp. Physiol. A. , 176 : 255 – 260 .
  • McDonald , C.G. , Reimchen , T.E. and Hawryshyn , C.W. 1995 . Nuptial colour loss and signal masking in Gasterosteus: an analysis using video imaging . Behaviour , 132 : 964 – 977 .
  • McFarland , W.N. and Munz , F.W. 1975 . Part III: The evolution of photopic visual pigments in fishes . Vision Res. , 15 : 1071 – 1080 .
  • Miner , G.J. and Stein , R.A. 1993 . Interactive influence of turbidity and light on larval bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) foraging . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Svi. , 50 : 781 – 788 .
  • Miner , G.J. and Stein , R.A. 1996 . Detection of predators and habitat choice by small Bluegills: effects of turbidity and alternative prey . Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. , 125 : 97 – 103 .
  • Munz , F.W. 1958 . The photosensitive retinal pigments of fishes from relatively turbide coastal waters . J. Gen. Physiol. , 42 : 455 – 459 .
  • Munz , F.W. 1964 . The visual pigments of epipelagic and rocky-shore fishes . Vision Res. , 4 : 441 – 454 .
  • Munz , F.W. and McFarland , W.N. 1977 . “ Evolutionary adaptations of fishes to the photic environment ” . In The visual system in vertebrates , Edited by: Crescitelli , F. 194 – 269 . Berlin Heidenberg, New York : Springer Verlag .
  • Newcombe , C.P. and McDonald , D.D. 1991 . Effects of suspended sediments on aquatic ecosystems . N. Am. J. Fish. Manag. , 11 : 72 – 82 .
  • Ohguchi , O. 1981 . Prey density and selection against oddity by three-spined sticklebacks . Adv. Ethology , 23 : 1 – 79 .
  • Rayleigh , L. 1889 . On the measurement of light through an atmosphere containing many small particles in suspension, and on the origin of blue in the sky . Philosophical Magna , 47 : 375 – 384 .
  • Rodriguez , M.A. and Lewis , W.M. Jr. 1997 . Structure offish assemblages along environmental gradients in floodplain lakes of the Orinoco river . Ecol. Monographs , 67 : 109 – 128 .
  • Rowe , D.K. and Dean , T.L. 1998 . Effects of turbidity on feeding ability of the juvenile migrating stage of six New Zealand freshwater fish species . NZ. J. Mar. Fresh. Res. , 32 : 21 – 29 .
  • Ruiz , G.M. , Hines , A.H. and Posey , M.H. 1993 . Shallow water as a refuge habitat for fish and crustaceans in non-vegetated estuaries: an example from Chesapeake Bay . Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , 99 : 1 – 16 .
  • Ryder , R.A. 1977 . Effects of ambient light variations on behaviour of yearling, subadult and adult walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) . J. Fish. Res. Board Can. , 34 : 1481 – 1491 .
  • Schmidt , D. and O'Brien , W.J. 1982 . Planktivorous feeding ecology of Arctic grayling (Thymallus articus) . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 39 : 475 – 482 .
  • Sekuler , R. , Pantle , A. and Levinson , E. 1978 . “ Physical basis of motion perception ” . In Handbook of sensory physiology. VIII , Edited by: Held , R. , Leibowitz , H. and Teuber , H.-L. 67 – 96 . Berlin Heidenberg, New York : Springer Verlag .
  • Shand , J. , Partridge , J.C. , Archer , S.N. , Potts , G.W. and Lythgoe , J.N. 1988 . Spectral absorbency changes in the violet/blue sensitive cones of juvenile Pollack, Pollachius pollachius . J. Comp. Physiol. , 163 : 699 – 703 .
  • Shashar , N. , Hanlon , R.T. and Petz , A.deM. 1998 . Polarization vision helps detect transparent prey . Nature , 393 : 222 – 223 .
  • Shashar , N. , Hagan , R. , Boal , J.G. and Hanlon , R.T. 2000 . Cuttlefish use polarization sensitivity in predation on silvery fish . Vision Res. , 40 : 71 – 75 .
  • Smith , R.C. and Tyler , J.E. 1967 . Optical properties of clear natural water . J. Opt. Soc. Am. , 57 : 589 – 595 .
  • Swenson , W.A. 1978 . Influence of turbidity on fish abundance in Western Lake Superior , Research Report of United State Environmental Protection Agency Duluth 1 – 84 .
  • Utne , A.C.W. 1997 . The effect of turbidity and illumination on the reaction distance and search time of the marine planktivore Gobiusculus flavescens . J. Fish Biol. , 50 : 926 – 938 .
  • Utne-Palm , A.C. 1999 . The effect of prey mobility, prey contrast, turbidity and spectral composition on the reaction distance of Gobiusculus flavescens to its planktonic prey . J. Fish Biol. , 54 : 1244 – 1258 .
  • Vandenbyllaardt , L. , Ward , F.J. , Braekevelt , C.R. and Mclntyre , D.B. 1991 . Relationships between turbid-ity, piscivory, and development of the retina in juvenile Walleyes . Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. , 120 : 382 – 390 .
  • Vinyard , G.L. and O'Brien , W.J. 1976 . Effects of light and turbidity on the reaction distance of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) . J. Fish. Res. Board Can. , 33 : 2845 – 2849 .
  • Vogel , J.L. and Beauchamp , D.A. 1999 . Effects of light, prey size, and turbidity on reaction distances of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to salmonid prey . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 56 : 1293 – 1297 .
  • Wahl , C.M. , Mills , E.L. , McFarland , W.N. and DeGisi , J.S. 1993 . Ontogenetic changes in prey selection and visual acuiti of the yellow perch, Perca flavescens . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 50 : 743 – 749 .
  • Walton , W.E. , Emiley , J.A. and Hairston , N.G. Jr. 1997 . Effect of prey size on the estimation of behavioral visual resolution of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sei. , 54 : 2S02 – 2S08 .
  • Ware , D.M. 1973 . Risk of epibenthic prey to predation by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) . J. Fish. Res. Board Can. , 30 : 787 – 797 .
  • Werner , E.E. and Hall , D.J. 1974 . Optimal foraging and the size selection of prey by the blugill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) . Ecology , 55 : 1042 – 1052 .
  • Witherspoon , N. , Strand , M. , Holloway , J. Jr. , Price , B. , Brown , D. and Miller , R. 1988 . Experimentally measured MTF's associated with imaging through turbid water . SPIE , 925 : 365 – 370 .
  • Wright , D.J. and O'Brien , W.J. 1982 . Differential location of Chaoborus larvae and Daphnia by: The importance of motion and visible size . Am. Midl. Nat. , 108 : 68 – 73 .
  • Zaneveld , J.R.V. , Spinrad , R.V. and Bartz , R. 1979 . Optical properties of turbidity standards . SPIE , 208 : 159 – 168 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.