Aerial and aquatic respiration in the ghost crab, Ocypode saratan II respiratory gas exchange and transport in the haemolymph

References

• Al‐Wassia , A. H. and Eshky , A. A. 1989 . Osmotic and ionic regulation in the ghost crab Ocypode saratan in hypoionic and hyperionic media and following desiccation in air . Bull. Fac. Sci. , K. A. U. Jeddah (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Al‐Wassia , A. H. , Innes , A. J. , Whiteley , N. M. and Taylor , E. W. 1989 . Aerial and aquatic gas exchange in the ghost crab, Ocypode saratan. I. Fine structure of respiratory surfaces, their ventilation and perfusion; oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Bridges , C. R. , Bicudo , J. E. P. W. and Lykkeboe , G. 1979 . Oxygen content measurement in blood containing haemocyanin . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 61A : 457 – 462 .
   Google Scholar
• Burggren , W. W. and MacMahon , B. R. 1988 . “ Circulation ” . In Biology of the land crabs , Edited by: Burggren , W. W. and McMahon , B. R. 298 – 332 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burnett , L. E. , Dunn , T. N. and Infantino , R. L. 1985 . “ The function of carbonic anhydrase in crustacean gills ” . In Transport Processes, Iono‐ and Osmoregulation , Edited by: Gilles , R. and Gilles‐Baillien , M. 159 – 168 . Berlin : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Burnett , L. E. and McMahon , B. R. 1987 . Gas exchange, haemolymph acid‐base status, and the role of branchial water stores during air exposure in three littoral crab species . Physiol. Zool. , 60 (1) : 27 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Cameron , J. N. 1971 . Rapid method for determination of total carbon dioxide in small blood samples . J. Appl. Physiol. , 31 (4) : 632 – 634 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron , J. N. 1986 . “ Acid‐base equilibria in invertebrates ” . In Acid‐Base Regulation in Animals , Edited by: Heisler , N. 357 – 394 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Cameron , J. N. and Wood , C. M. 1985 . Apparent H+ excretion and CO2 dynamics accompanying carapace mineralisation in the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) following moulting . J. exp. Biol. , 114 : 181 – 196 .
   Google Scholar
• El Haj , A. J. , Innes , A. J. and Taylor , E. W. 1986 . Infrastructure of the pulmonary, cutaneous and branchial gas exchange organs of the Trinidad mountain crab . J. Physiol. , 373 : 84P
   Google Scholar
• Eshky , A. A. , Atkinson , R. J. A. and Taylor , A. C. 1988 . Effects of temperature on oxygen consumption and heart rate in the semi‐terrestrial crab, Ocypode saratan (Forskal) . Mar. Behav. Physiol. , 13 : 341 – 358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenaway , P. , Bonaventura , J. and Taylor , H. H. 1983a . Aquatic gas exchange in the freshwater/land crab, Holthuisana transversa . J. Exp. Biol. , 103 : 225 – 236 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenaway , P. , Taylor , H. H. and Bonaventura , J. 1983b . Aerial gas exchange in Australian freshwater/land crabs of the genus Holthuisana . J. Exp. Biol. , 103 : 237 – 251 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenaway , P. , Morris , S. and McMahon , B. R. 1988 . Adaptations to a terrestrial existence by the robber crab Birgus latro II. In vivo respiratory gas exchange and transport . J. Exp. Biol. , 140 : 493 – 509 .
   Google Scholar
• Innes , A. J. and Taylor , E. W. 1986 . The evolution of air‐breathing in crustaceans: a functional analysis of branchial, cutaneous and pulmonary gas exchange . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 85A (4) : 621 – 637 .
   Google Scholar
• McMahon , B. R. and Burggren , W. W. 1988 . “ Respiration ” . In Biology of the land crabs , Edited by: Burggren , W. W. and McMahon , B. R. 373 – 429 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mantel , L. H. and Farmer , L. L. 1983 . “ Osmotic and ionic regulation ” . In The Biology of Crustacea , Edited by: Mantel , L. H. Vol. 5 , 53 – 161 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , S. and Bridges , C. R. 1985 . An investigation of haemocyanin oxygen affinity in the semiterrestrial crab Ocypode saratan Forsk . J. Exp. Biol. , 117 : 119 – 132 .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , S. and Taylor , A. C. 1988 . L‐lactate affects CO2 transport in crustacean haemolymph . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 91A : 523 – 527 .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , S. , Greenaway , P. and McMahon , B. R. 1988 . Modulation of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport by the haemocyanin of an amphibious crab, Holthusiana transversa . J. Comp. Physiol. , 157 : 873 – 882 .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , S. , Tyler‐Jones , R. , Bridges , C. R. and Taylor , E. W. 1986 . The regulation of haemocyanin oxygen affinity during emersion of the crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes. II. An investigation of in vivo changes in oxygen affinity . J. Exp. Biol. , 121 : 327 – 337 .
   Google Scholar
• Piiper , J. 1982 . “ A model for evaluating diffusion limitation in gas‐exchange organs of vertebrates ” . In A Comparison to Animal Physiology , Edited by: Taylor , C. R. , Johansen , K. and Bolis , L. 49 – 64 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rahn , H. 1966 . Aquatic gas exchange: theory . Respir. Physiol. , 1 : 1 – 12 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Randall , D. J. and Wood , C. M. 1981 . Carbon dioxide excretion in the land crab (Cardisoma carnifex) . J. Exp. Zool. , 218 : 37 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , A. C. and Davies , P. S. 1981 . Respiration in the land crab, Gercarcinus lateralis . J. Exp. Biol. , 93 : 197 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , A. C. and Davies , P. S. 1982 . Aquatic respiration in the land crab, Gecaranus lateralis (Treminville) . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 72A : 683 – 688 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , E. W. and Butler , P. J. 1978 . Aquatic and aerial respiration in the shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.) Acclimated to 15°C . J. Comp. Physiol. , 127 : 315 – 323 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , E. W. and Innes , A. J. 1988 . A functional analysis of the shift from gill to lung breathing during the evolution of land crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda) . Biol. J. Lin. Soc. , 34 : 229 – 247 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , E. W. and Wheatly , M. G. 1981 . The effect of long‐term aerial exposure on heart rate, ventilation, respiratory gas exchange and acid‐base status in the crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes . J. exp. Biol. , 92 : 109 – 124 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , H. H. and Greenaway , P. 1979 . The structure of the gills and lungs of the arid‐zone crab, Holthuisana (Austrothelphusa) transversa (Martens) (Sandathelphusidae: Brachyura) including observations on arterial vessels within the gills . J. Zool. Lond. , 189 : 359 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , H. H. and Greenaway , P. 1984 . The role of the gills and branchiostegites in gas exchange in a bimodally breathing crab, Holthuisana transversa: evidence for a facultative change in the distribution of the respiratory circulation . J. Exp. Biol. , 111 : 103 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Trunchot , J.‐P. 1975 . Blood acid‐base changes during experimental emersion and reimmersion of the intertidal crab Carcinus maenas (L.) . Respir. Physiol. , 23 : 351 – 360 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Truchot , J. P. 1976 . Carbon dioxide combining properties of the blood of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas (L.): carbon dioxide solubility coefficient and carbonic acid dissociation constant . J. Exp. Biol. , 64 : 45 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Truchot , J. P. 1980 . Lactate increases the oxygen affinity of crab haemocyanin . J. Exp. Zool. , 214 : 205 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Tucker , V. A. 1967 . Method for oxygen content and dissociation curves on microliter blood samples . J. Appl. Physiol. , 23 (3) : 410 – 414 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , C. M. and Randall , D. J. 1981 . Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange during exercise in the land crab (Cardisoma carnifex) . J. Exp. Zool. , 218 : 7 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Wood , C. M. , Boutilier , R. G. and Randall , D. J. 1986 . The physiology of dehydration stress in the land crab Cardisoma carnifex: respiration, ionoregulation, acid‐base balance and nitrogenous waste excretion . J. Exp. Biol. , 126 : 271 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
   Google Scholar