Influence of Natural and Accelerated Weathering on the Mechanical Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene Films

REFERENCES

• Alhamdan , A. M. , and I. M. Al-Helal . 2009 . Mechanical deterioration of polyethylene greenhouses covering under arid conditions . J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 209 : 63 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulrich , H. 1082 . Introduction to Industrial Polymers . New York : Hanser Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Briassoulis , D. , and E. Schettini . 2003 . Analysis and design of low-density polyethylene greenhouse films . Biosyst. Eng. 84 : 303 – 314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dehbi , A. , A. Bouaza , A. Hamou , B. Youssef , and J. M. Saiter . 2010 . Artificial ageing of tri-layer polyethylene film used as greenhouse cover under the effect of the temperature and the UV-A simultaneously . Mater. Des. 31 : 864 – 869 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilara , P. A. , and D. Briassoulis . 2000 . Degradation and stabilization of low-density polyethylene films used as greenhouse covering materials . J. Agric. Eng. Res. 76 : 309 – 321 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Helal , I. M. , and A. M. Alhamdan . 2009 . Effect of arid environment on radiative properties of greenhouse polyethylene cover . Sol. Energy 83 : 790 – 798 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bualek , S. , K. Suchiva , S. Boonariya , and B. Ratana-Arakul . 1991 . Aging of low density polyethylene films for agricultural use in Thailand . J. Sci. Soc. Thailand 17 : 103 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Basfar , A. A. , K. M. Idriss Ali , and S. M. Mofti . 2003 . UV stability and radiation-crosslinking of linear low density polyethylene and low density polyethylene for greenhouse applications . Polym. Degradation Stab. 82 : 229 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michálková , D. , J. Pospíšil , I. Fortelný , J. Hromádková , F. Lednický , P. Schmidt , and Z. Krulis . 2009 . Restabilization of the aging resistance of compatibilized blends of pre-aged low density polyethylene and high-impact polystyrene (LDPE/HIPS) . Polym. Degradation Stab. 94 : 1486 – 1493 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM. 2005 . ASTM D1435–05 Standard Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics . West Conshohocken , Penn. : ASTM International .
   Google Scholar
• Merah , N. 2007 . Natural weathering effects on some properties of CPVC pipe material . J. Mater. Process. Technol. 191 : 198 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Şahin , T. , T. Sınmazçelik , and S. Şahin . 2007 . The effect of natural weathering on the mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) . Mater. Des. 28 : 2303 – 2309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diepens , M. , and P. Gijsman . 2011 . Outdoor and accelerated weathering studies of bisphenol A polycarbonate . Polym. Degradation Stab. 96 : 649 – 652 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajakumar , K. , V. Sarasvathy , A. Thamarai Chelvan , R. Chitra , and C. T. Vijayakumar . 2009 . Natural weathering studies of polypropylene . J. Polym. Environ. 17 : 191 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Salem , S. M. 2009 . Influence of natural and accelerated weathering on various formulations of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) films . Mater. Des. 30 : 1729 – 1736 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espí , E. , A. Salmerón , A. Fontecha , Y. García , and I. A. Real . 2007 . The effect of different variables on the accelerated and natural weathering of agricultural films . Polym. Degradation Stab. 92 : 2150 – 2154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darie , R. N. , R. Bodirlau , C. A. Teaca , J. Macyszyn , M. Kozlowski , and I. Spiridon . 2013 . Influence of accelerated weathering on the properties of polypropylene/polylactic acid/eucalyptus wood composites . Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. 18 : 315 – 327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Shabanat , M. 2011 . Study of the effect of weathering in natural environment on polypropylene and its composites: Morphological and mechanical properties . Int. J. Chem. 3 : 129 – 141 .
   Google Scholar
• Kyrikou , I. , D. Briassoulis , M. Hiskakis , and E. Babou . 2011 . Analysis of photo-chemical degradation behaviour of polyethylene mulching film with pro-oxidants . Polym. Degradation Stab. 96 : 2237 – 2252 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojeda , T. , A. Freitas , K. Birck , E. Dalmolin , R. Jacques , F. Bento , and F. Camargo . 2011 . Degradability of linear polyolefins under natural weathering . Polym. Degradation Stab. 96 : 703 – 707 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo , P. , D. Acierno , L. Marinucci , A. Greco , and M. Frigione . 2013 . Influence of natural and accelerated weathering on performances of photo selective greenhouse films . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 127 : 2213 – 2219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdul Majid , R. , H. Ismail , and R. Mat Taib . 2010 . The effects of natural weathering on the properties of linear density polyethylene (LDPE)/thermoplastic sago starch (TPSS) blends . Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng. 49 : 1142 – 1149 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matuana , L. M. , S. Jin , and N. M. Stark . 2011 . Ultraviolet weathering of HDPE/wood-flour composites coextruded with a clear HDPE cap layer . Polym. Degradation Stab. 96 : 97 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebewele , R. O. 2000 . Polymer Science and Technology . Washington , D.C. : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Presidency of Meteorology and Environment (PME) Saudi Arabia. http://www.pme.gov.sa/en/eindex.asp (accessed 10 November 2013) .
   Google Scholar
• Briassoulis , D. 2005. The effects of tensile stress and the agrochemical Vapam on the ageing of low density polyethylene (LDPE) agricultural films, Part I. Mechanical behaviour. Polym. Degradation Stab. 88: 489–503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briassoulis , D. , A. Aristopoulou , M. Bonora , and I. Verlodt . 2004 . Degradation characterisation of agricultural low-density polyethylene films . Biosyst. Eng. 88 : 131 – 143 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alothman , O. , S. Salahudeen , R. Elleithy , and S. M. Al-Zahrani . 2012 . Formation of vinylidene in polypropylene/ethylene vinyl acetate (PP/EVA) blends during degradation . Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng. 51 : 540 – 547 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mourad , A. H. I. 2010 . Thermo-mechanical characteristics of thermally aged polyethylene/polypropylene blends . Mater. Des. 31 : 918 – 929 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy , P. K. , P. Surekha , C. Rajagopal , S. N. Chatterjee , and V. Choudhary . 2007 . Studies on the photo-oxidative degradation of LDPE films in the presence of oxidised polyethylene . Polym. Degradation Stab. 92 : 1151 – 1160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Küpper , L. , J. V. Gulmine , P. R. Janissek , and H. M. Heise . 2004 . Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy for micro-domain analysis of polyethylene samples after accelerated ageing within weathering chambers . Vib. Spectrosc. 34 : 63 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salem , M. A. , H. Farouk , and I. Kashif . 2002 . Physicochemical changes in UV-exposed low-density polyethylene films . Macromol. Res. 10 : 168 – 173 .
   Google Scholar
• Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/gpac.
   Google Scholar