Fracture toughness of flax braided yarn woven PLA composites

References

• Liu, W., T. Chen, M. Fei, R. Qiu, D. Yu, T. Fu, and J. Qiu. 2019. Properties of natural fiber-reinforced biobased thermoset biocomposites: Effects of fiber type and resin composition. Compos. Part B. 171:87–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuccarello, B., and G. Marannano. 2018. Random short sisal fiber biocomposites: optimal manufacturing process and reliable theoretical models. Mater. Des. 149:87–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borchani, K. E., C. Carrot, and M. Jaziri. 2019. Rheological behavior of short alfa fibers reinforced Mater-Bi® biocomposites. Polym. Test. 77:105895.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, Z., C. Ye, W. Fu, and H. Wu. 2016. Improvement on mechanical and thermal properties of polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites due to the addition of hybrid sisal fibers and diatomite particles. Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. 21:365–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatram, B., C. Kailasanathan, P. Seenikannan, and S. Paramasamy. 2016. Study on the evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of natural sisal fiber/GP composites reinforced with nano clay. Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact 21:647–656.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzanti, V., M. S. D. Luna, R. Pariante, F. Mollica, and G. Filippone. 2020. Natural fiber-induced degradation in PLA-hemp biocomposites in the molten state. Compos. Part A. 180:51–59.
   Google Scholar
• Chaitanya, S., I. Singh, and J. Il. 2019. Recyclability analysis of PLA/sisal fiber biocomposites. Compos. Part B. 173:106895.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad, C. V., P. Sudhakara, M. N. Prabhakar, A. U. R. Shah, and J.-I. Song. 2018. An investigation on the effect of silica aerogel content on thermal and mechanical properties of sisal/PLA nano composites. Polym. Compos. 39:835–840.
   Google Scholar
• Spiridon, I., R. G. Ursu, I. Alexandra, C. Spiridon, I. Spiridon, R. G. Ursu, I. Alexandra, and C. Spiridon. 2015. New polylactic acid composites for packaging applications: mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and antimicrobial activity. Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. 20:681–692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashok, B., S. Naresh, K. O. Reddy, K. Madhukar, J. Cai, L. Zhang, and A. V. Rajulu. 2014. International journal of polymer analysis and characterization tensile and thermal properties of poly (lactic acid)/eggshell powder composite films. Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. 19:245–255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barletta, M., E. Pizzi, M. Puopolo, and S. Vesco. 2017. Design and manufacture of degradable polymers: biocomposites of micro-lamellar talc and poly (lactic acid). Mater. Chem. Phys. 196:62–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser, M. R., H. B. Anuar, N. B. Samat, and S. B. A. Razak. 2013. Effect of processing routes on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of PLA-based hybrid biocomposite. Iran. Polym. J. 22:123–131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaitanya, S., and I. Singh. 2017. Processing of PLA/sisal fiber biocomposites using direct- and extrusion-injection molding. Mater. Manuf. Process. 32:468–474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsuwan, K., P. Guerrero, K. D. Caba, S. Benjakul, and T. Prodpran. 2020. Properties and application of bilayer films based on poly (lactic acid) and fish gelatin containing epigallocatechin gallate fabricated by thermo-compression molding. Food Hydrocoll. 105:105792.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farah, S., D. G. Anderson, and R. Langer. 2016. Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications – a comprehensive review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 107:367–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moshiul Alam, A. K. M., M. D. H. Beg, M. F. Mina, A. A. Mamun, and A. K. Bledzki. 2015. Degradation and stability of green composites fabricated from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber and polylactic acid: effect of fiber length. J. Compos. Mater. 49:3103–3114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammiche, D., A. Boukerrou, B. Azzeddine, N. Guermazi, and T. Budtova. 2019. Characterization of polylactic acid green composites and its biodegradation in a bacterial environment. Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. 24:236–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez, V. A., R. A. Ruscekaite, and A. Vazquez. 2003. Mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of composites made from a biodegradable matrix and alkaline-treated sisal fibres. J. Compos. Mater. 37:1575–1588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez, V., A. Vazquez, and C. Bernal. 2006. Effect of microstructure on the tensile and fracture properties of sisal fiber/starch-based composites. J. Compos. Mater. 40:21–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, M. S., K. L. Pickering, and N. J. Foreman. 2010. Influence of accelerated ageing on the physico-mechanical properties of alkali-treated industrial hemp fibre reinforced poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 95:59–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, M. S., K. L. Pickering, and N. J. Foreman. 2010. Influence of hygrothermal ageing on the physico-mechanical properties of alkali treated industrial hemp fibre reinforced polylactic acid composites. J. Polym. Environ. 18:696–704.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawpan, M. A., K. L. Pickering, and A. Fernyhough. 2011. Improvement of mechanical performance of industrial hemp fibre reinforced polylactide biocomposites. Compos. Part A. 42:310–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering, K. L., M. A. Sawpan, J. Jayaraman, and A. Fernyhough. 2011. Influence of loading rate, alkali fibre treatment and crystallinity on fracture toughness of random short hemp fibre reinforced polylactide bio-composites. Compos. Part A. 42:1148–1156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajesh, M., S. P. Singh, and J. Pitchaimani. 2018. Mechanical behavior of woven natural fiber fabric composites: effect of weaving architecture, intra-ply hybridization and stacking sequence of fabrics. J. Ind. Text. 47:938–959.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goutianos, S., T. Peijs, B. Nystrom, and M. Skrifvars. 2006. Development of flax fibre based textile reinforcements for composite applications. Appl. Compos. Mater. 13:199–215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, G. M. A., M. Terano, M. A. Gafur, and M. S. Alam. 2016. Studies on the mechanical properties of woven jute fabric reinforced poly (L -lactic acid) composites. J. King Saud Univ. - Eng. Sci. 28:69–74.
   Google Scholar
• Alavudeen, A., N. Rajini, S. Karthikeyan, M. Thiruchitrambalam, and N. Venkateshwaren. 2015. Mechanical properties of banana/kenaf fiber-reinforced hybrid polyester composites: effect of woven fabric and random orientation. Mater. Des. 66:246–257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aruchamy, K., S. P. Subramani, S. K. Palaniappan, B. Sethuraman, and G. V. Kaliyannan. 2020. Study on mechanical characteristics of woven cotton/bamboo hybrid reinforced composite. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 9:718–726.
   Google Scholar
• Rawal, A., H. Saraswat, and A. Sibal. 2015. Tensile response of braided structures: a review. Text. Res. J. 85:2083–2096.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khondker, O. A., U. S. Ishiaku, A. Nakai, and H. Hamada. 2006. A novel processing technique for thermoplastic manufacturing of unidirectional composites reinforced with jute yarns. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 37:2274–2284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajesh, M., and J. Pitchaimani. 2017. Mechanical properties of natural fiber braided yarn woven composite: comparison with conventional yarn woven composite. J. Bionic Eng. 14:141–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajesh, M., and J. Pitchaimani. 2018. Dynamic mechanical and free vibration behavior of natural fiber braided fabric composite: comparison with conventional and knitted fabric composites. Polym. Compos. 39:2479–2489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanakannavar, S., J. Pitchaimani, and M. R. Ramesh. 2020. Tribological behaviour of natural fibre 3D braided woven fabric reinforced PLA composites. J. Eng. Tribol. 234:1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Goriparthi, B. K., K. N. S. Suman, and N. Mohan Rao. 2012. Effect of fiber surface treatments on mechanical and abrasive wear performance of polylactide/jute composites. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 43:1800–1808.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, R., M. K. Yakabu, and R. D. Anandjiwala. 2010. Effect of montmorillonite clay on flax fabric reinforced poly lactic acid composites with amphiphilic additives. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 41:1620–1627.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalid, M., and I. Prabowo. 2015. The effects of alkalization to the mechanical properties of the ijuk fiber reinforced PLA biocomposites. Int. J. Chem. Mol. Nucl. Mater. Metall. Eng. 9:342–346.
   Google Scholar
• Kowalczyk, M., E. Piorkowska, P. Kulpinski, and M. Pracella. 2011. Mechanical and thermal properties of PLA composites with cellulose nanofibers and standard size fibers. Compos. Part A. 42:1509–1514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tshai, K. Y., A. B. Chai, I. Kong, M. E. Hoque, and K. H. Tshai. 2014. Hybrid fibre polylactide acid composite with empty fruit bunch: chopped glass strands. J. Compos. 2014:1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Sato, S.,. D. Gondo, T. Wada, S. Kanehashi, and K. Nagai. 2013. Effects of various liquid organic solvents on solvent-induced crystallization of amorphous poly (lactic acid) film. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 129:1607–1617.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM D5045-14. 2014. Standard Test Methods for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness and Strain Energy Release Rate of Plastic Materials, West Conshohocken, PA. www.astm.org.
   Google Scholar
• Shen, X., J. Jia, C. Chen, Y. Li, and J.-K. Kim. 2014. Enhancement of mechanical properties of natural fiber composites via carbon nanotube addition. J. Mater. Sci. 49:3225–3233.
   Google Scholar
• Mustapha, K., E. Annan, S. T. Azeko, M. G. Z. Kana, and W. O. Soboyejo. 2015. Strength and fracture toughness of earth- based natural fiber-reinforced composites. J. Compos. Mater. 50:1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agopyan, V., and V. M. John. 1992. Durability evaluation of vegetable fibre reinforced materials. Build. Res. Inf. 20:233–235.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, Z. M. 2000. The mechanical properties of composites reinforced with woven and braided fabrics. Compos. Sci. Technol. 60:479–498.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, R., K. Kumar, S. Bhowmik, and G. Sarkhel. 2019. Tailoring the performance of bamboo filler reinforced epoxy composite: insights into fracture properties and fracture mechanism. J. Polym. Res. 26:54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, Y., D. Wang, X. Wang, L. Lin, and Y. Wang. 2011. A method for simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and toughness of PLA. Polym. Adv. Technol. 22:2295–2301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, Y., M. Fan, and L. Chen. 2016. Interface and bonding mechanisms of plant fibre composites: an overview. Compos. Part B Eng. 101:31–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, B., S. Panigrahi, L. Tabil, and W. Crerar. 2007. Pre-treatment of flax fibers for use in rotationally molded biocomposites. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 26:447–463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alamri, H., and I. M. Low. 2012. Characterization of epoxy hybrid composites filled with cellulose fibers and nano-SiC. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 126:E222–E232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, D., A. G. Salvi, C. Sun, A. M. Waas, and A. Caliskan. 2006. Discrete cohesive zone model to simulate static fracture in 2D triaxially braided carbon fiber composites. J. Compos. Mater. 40:2025–2046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren, J., Y. K. Kim, and J. Rice. 2010. Comparing the fracture toughness of 3-D braided preform composites with z- fiber-reinforced laminar composites. Text. Res. J. 81:335–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar