WHEN AND HOW THE FIGHTING STOPS: EXPLAINING THE DURATION AND OUTCOME OF CIVIL WARS

References

• Balch‐Lindsay , D. and Enterline , A.J. 2000 . Killing time: the world politics of civil war duration, 1820–1992 . International Studies Quarterly , 44 (4) : 615 – 642 .
   Google Scholar
• Bercovitch , J. and DeRouen , K.R. Jr. 2005 . Managing ethnic civil wars: Assessing determinants of successful mediation . Civil Wars , 17 (1, Spring) : 98 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Box‐Steffensmeier , J.M. and Jones , B.S. 2004 . Event History Modeling: A Guide for Social Scientists , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Box‐Steffensmeier , J.M. and Zorn , C.J.W. 2001 . Duration models and proportional hazards in political science . American Journal of Political Science , 45 (4) : 972 – 988 .
   Google Scholar
• Collier , P. and Hoeffler , A. 1998 . On the economic causes of civil war . Oxford Economic Papers , 50 (4) : 563 – 573 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier , P. and Hoeffler , A. 2004 . Greed and grievance in civil war . Oxford Economic Papers , 56 (4) : 563 – 595 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier , P. , Hoeffler , A. and Söderbom , M. 2004 . On the duration of civil war . Journal of Peace Research , 41 (3) : 253 – 273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowell , F.A. 1977 . Measuring Inequality , Oxford : P. Allan .
   Google Scholar
• de Soysa , I. 2002 . Paradise is a bazaar? Greed, creed, and governance in Civil War. 1989–99 . Journal of Peace Research , 39 (4) : 395 – 416 .
   Google Scholar
• DeRouen , K.R. Jr. and Sobek , D. 2004 . The dynamics of civil war duration and outcome . Journal of Peace Research , 41 (3) : 303 – 320 .
   Google Scholar
• Doyle , M. and Sambanis , N. 2000 . International peacebuilding: a theoretical and quantitative analysis . American Political Science Review , 94 (4) : 779 – 801 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon , J.D. . Ethnic structure and cultural diversity around the world . Presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Political Science Association . Boston.
   Google Scholar
• Fearon , J.D. 2004 . Why do some civil wars last so much longer than others . Journal of Peace Research , 41 (3) : 275 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon , J.D. and Laitin , D.D. 2003 . Ethnicity, insurgency, and civil war . American Political Science Review , 97 (1) : 75 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin , J. 1997 . “ State‐centered approaches to social revolutions: strengths and limitations of a theoretical tradition ” . In Theorizing Revolutions , Edited by: Foran , J. 11 – 37 . New York and London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Grambsch , P.M. and Therneau , T.M. 1994 . Proportional hazards tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals . Biometrika , 81 (3) : 515 – 626 .
   Google Scholar
• Harbom , L. , Högbladh , S. and Wallensteen , P. 2006 . Armed conflict and peace agreements . Journal of Peace Research , 43 (5) : 617 – 631 .
   Google Scholar
• Hartzell , C.A. 2006 . “ Structuring the peace: negotiated settlements and the construction of conflict management institutions ” . In Conflict Prevention and Peace‐building in Post‐War Societies: Sustaining the Peace , Edited by: Meernik , J. and Mason , T.D. London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hegre , H. 2004 . The duration and termination of civil war . Journal of Peace Research , 41 (3) : 249 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Hegre , H. , Ellingsen , T. , Gleditsch , N.P. and Gates , S. 2001 . Toward a democratic civil peace? Democracy, political change, and civil war, 1816–1992 . American Political Science Review , 95 (1) : 33 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson , E.A. and Singer , J.D. 2000 . Civil war in the post‐colonial world, 1946–92 . Journal of Peace Research , 37 (3) : 275 – 299 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawachi , I. and Kennedy , B.P. 1997 . The relationship of income inequality to mortality: Does the choice of indicator matter? . Social Science & Medicine , 45 (7) : 1121 – 1127 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krain , M. and Myers , M.E. 1997 . Democracy and civil war: a note on the democratic peace proposition . International Interactions , 23 (1) : 109 – 118 .
   Google Scholar
• Licklider , R. 1995 . The consequences of negotiated settlements in civil wars, 1945–1993 . The American Political Science Review , 89 (3) : 681 – 690 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luttwak , E.N. 1999 . Give war a chance . Foreign Affairs , 78 (4) : 36 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason , T.D. and Fett , P.J. 1996 . How civil wars end: A rational choice approach . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 40 (4) : 546 – 568 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason , T.D. and Krane , D.A. 1989 . The political economy of death squads: toward a theory of the impact of state‐sanctioned terror . International Studies Quarterly , 33 (2) : 175 – 198 .
   Google Scholar
• Mason , T.D. , Weingarten , J.P. and Fett , P.J. 1999 . Win, lose, or draw: predicting the outcome of civil wars . Political Research Quarterly , 52 (2) : 239 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Quinn , J. , Mason , T.D. and Gurses , M. 2007 . Sustaining the peace: determinants of civil war recurrence . International Interactions , 33 (2) : 167 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Regan , P.M. 2002 . Third party interventions and the duration of intrastate conflicts . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 46 (1) : 55 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , M.L. 2004 . How do natural resources influence civil war? Evidence from thirteen cases . International Organization , 58 (1) : 35 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Sambanis , N. 2004 . What is a civil war? Conceptual and empirical complexities of an operational definition . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 48 (6) : 814 – 858 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkees , M.R. 2000 . The Correlates of War data on war: An update to 1997 . Conflict Management and Peace Science , 18 (1) : 123 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stam , A.C. 1996 . Win, Lose, or Draw: Domestic Politics and the Crucible of War , Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , J. 1996 . On the interpretation of covariate estimates in independent competing risks models . Bulletin of Economic Research , 48 (1) : 27 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Wade , R.H. 2001 . The rising inequality of world income distribution . Finance & Development , 38 (4)
   Google Scholar
• Wade , R.H. 2004 . On the causes of increasing world poverty and inequality, or why the Matthew effect prevails . New Political Economy , 9 (2) : 163 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• Walter , B.F. 2003 . Explaining the intractability of territorial conflict . International Studies Review , 5 (4) : 137 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Walter , B.F. 2004 . Does conflict beget conflict? Explaining recurring civil war . Journal of Peace Research , 41 (3) : 371 – 388 .
   Google Scholar
• Zartman , W.I. 1993 . “ The unfinished agenda: Negotiating internal conflict ” . In Stop the Killing: How Civil Wars End , Edited by: Licklider , R. New York : New York University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zartman , W.I. 1995 . Elusive Peace: Negotiating an End to Civil Conflicts , Washington, DC : Brookings Institution .
   Google Scholar