A SURVEY OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC COSTS OF CONFLICT

References

• Abadie , A. and Gardeazabal , J. 2003 . The economic costs of conflict: a case study of the Basque country . American Economic Review , 93 (1) : 113 – 132 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arunatilake , N. , Jayasuriya , S. and Kelegama , S. 2001 . The economic cost of the war in Sri Lanka . World Development , 29 (9) : 1483 – 1500 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilmes , L. and Stiglitz , J. 2006 . “ The economic costs of the Iraq War: an appraisal three years after the beginning of the conflict ” . In NBER Working Papers N° 12054 , Cambridge, MA : National Bureau for Economic Research .
   Google Scholar
• Bilmes , L. and Stiglitz , J. 2008 . The Three Trillion Dollar War: The True Cost of the Iraq Conflict , New York City : W.W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , M.E. and Rosecrance , R.N. , eds. 1999 . The Costs of Conflict: Prevention and Cure in the Global Arena , Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Caselli , F. 2005 . “ Accounting for cross‐country income differences ” . In Handbook of Economic Growth, , edition 1 , Edited by: Aghion , Philippe and Durlauf , Steven . Vol. 1 , 679 – 741 . Elsevier . chapter 9
   Google Scholar
• Chen , S. , Loayza , N.V. and Reynal‐Querol , M. 2007 . “ The aftermath of civil war ” . In Post‐Conflict Transitions Working Paper N° 4 , Washington, DC : World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Clausewitz , C. von . 2004 [1812] . On War , Whitefish : Kessinger Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Collier , P. 1999 . On the economic consequences of civil war . Oxford Economic Papers , 51 : 168 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier , P. and Hoeffler , A. 2004 . Aid, policy and growth in post‐conflict societies . European Economic Review , 48 : 1125 – 1145 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Groot , O.J. 2010 . The spillover effects of conflict on economic growth in neighbouring countries in Africa . Defence and Peace Economics , 21 (2) : 149 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiAddario , S. 1997 . Estimating the economic costs of conflict: an examination of the two‐gap estimation model for the case of Nicaragua . Oxford Development Studies , 25 (1) : 123 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Dorsey , J. and Opeitum , S. 2002 . “ The net economic cost of the conflict in the Acholiland sub‐region of Uganda ” . Kampala : Civil Society Organisation for Peace in Northern Uganda (CSOPNU) .
   Google Scholar
• FitzGerald , E.V.K. 1987 . “ An evaluation of the economic costs to Nicaragua of U.S. aggression: 1980–1984 ” . In The Political Economy of Revolutionary Nicaragua , Edited by: Spalding , R.J. 195 – 213 . Boston : Allen & Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Ghobarah , H. , Huth , P. and Russett , B. 2003 . Civil wars kill and maim people ‐ long after the shooting stops . American Political Science Review , 97 (2) : 189 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleditsch , N.P. , Wallensteen , P. , Eriksson , M. , Sollenberg , M. and Strand , H. 2002 . Armed conflict 1946–2001: a new dataset . Journal of Peace Research , 39 (5) : 615 – 637 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grobar , L.M. and Gnanaselvam , S. 1993 . The economic effects of the Sri Lankan civil war . Economic Development and Cultural Change , 41 (2) : 395 – 405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta , S. , Clements , B. , Bhattacharya , R. and Chakravarti , S. 2004 . Fiscal consequences of armed conflict and terrorism in low‐ and middle‐income countries . European Journal of Political Economy , 20 : 403 – 421 .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , G. 1997 . “ Estimates of the economic cost of armed conflict: the Iran‐Iraq war and the Sri Lankan civil war ” . In Economics of Conflict and Peace , Edited by: Brauer , J. and Gissy , W.G. 269 – 291 . Aldershot : Avebury .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , G. 1999 . “ The costs of armed conflict in developing countries ” . In Recovery from Armed Conflict in Developing Countries , Edited by: Harris , G. 12 – 28 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hess , G.D. 2003 . “ The economic welfare cost of conflict: an empirical assessment ” . In CESifo Working Paper N° 852 , Munich : CESifo .
   Google Scholar
• Hoover , K.D. and Perez , S.J. 2004 . Truth and robustness in cross‐country growth regressions . Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics , 66 : 765 – 798 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys , F.P. and Stewart , F. 1997 . Civil conflict in developing countries over the last quarter of a century: an empirical overview of economic and social consequences . Oxford Development Studies , 25 (1) : 11 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Imai , K. and Weinstein , J. 2000 . “ Measuring the economic impact of civil war ” . In CID Working Paper N° 51 , Cambridge, MA : Center for International Development at Harvard University .
   Google Scholar
• Kelegama , S. 1999 . “ Economic costs of conflict in Sri Lanka ” . In Creating Peace in Sri Lanka: Civil War and Reconciliation , Edited by: Rotberg , R.I. 71 – 87 . Washington, DC : Brookings Institution Press .
   Google Scholar
• Keynes , J.M. 2005 [1919] . The Economic Consequences of Peace , New York : Cosimo .
   Google Scholar
• Keynes , J.M. 1978 . “ Paying for the war ” . In Collected Writings of J. M. Keynes , Edited by: Moggridge , D. Vol. 22 , 41 – 51 . London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• King , G. , Honaker , J. , Joseph , A. and Scheve , K. 2001 . Analyzing incomplete political science data: an alternative algorithm for multiple imputation . American Political Science Review , 95 : 49 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindgren , G. 2006 . “ The economic costs of civil war ” . In Studies in Conflict Economics and Economic Growth , Edited by: Lindgren , G. Uppsala : Uppsala University .
   Google Scholar
• Lopez , H. and Wodon , Q. 2005 . The economic impact of armed conflict in Rwanda . Journal of African Economies , 14 (4) : 586 – 602 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas , R.E. 1987 . Models of Business Cycles , New York : Basil Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Machiavelli , N. 2004 [1532] . Il Principe , Milano : Rizzoli .
   Google Scholar
• Montalvo , J.G. and Reynal‐Querol , M. 2007 . Fighting against malaria: prevent wars while waiting for the miraculous vaccines . Review of Economics and Statistics , 89 (1) : 165 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdoch , J.C. and Sandler , T. 2004 . Civil wars and economic growth: spatial dispersion . American Journal of Political Science , 48 (1) : 138 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordhaus , W.D. 2002 . “ The economic consequences of a war with Iraq ” . In NBER Working Paper N° 9361 , Cambridge, MA : National Bureau for Economic Research .
   Google Scholar
• Organski , A.F.K. and Kugler , J. 1977 . The costs of major wars: the phoenix factor . American Political Science Review , 71 (4) : 1347 – 1366 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson , J.M. Jr. and de A. Samarasinghe , S.W.R. 1991 . “ Measuring the economic dimensions of Sri Lanka's ethnic conflict ” . In Economic Dimensions of Ethnic Conflict , Edited by: Samarasinghe , S.W.R. de A. and Coughlan , R. 194 – 223 . London : Pinter Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Soares , R.R. 2006 . The welfare cost of violence across countries . Journal of Health Economics , 25 : 821 – 846 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern , N. 2007 . The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , F. and FitzGerald , E.V.K. , eds. 2001 . War and Underdevelopment , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• UN‐Secretary‐General . 2006 . “ Report of the Secretary‐General on the work of the Organization to the General Assembly ” . In N° A/61/1 , New York City : United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• Van Raemdonck , D.C. and Diehl , P.F. 1989 . After the shooting stops: insights on postwar economic growth . Journal of Peace Research , 26 (3) : 249 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welsch , H. 2008 . The social costs of civil conflict: evidence from surveys of happiness . Kyklos , 61 (2) : 320 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO . 2002 . “ The world report on violence and health ” . World Health Organization . http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/, accessed 27 August 2009
   Google Scholar