48
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Support Therapy

Thrombocytopenia—Platelet Support or Growth Factors?

&
Pages 469-482 | Received 16 Feb 1999, Published online: 13 Jul 2016

References

  • Keleman, E., Cserhati, I. and Tanos, B. (1958). Demonstration and some properties of human thrombopoietin in thrombocythaemic sera. Acta Haematol., 20, 350–355.
  • Duke, W. W. (1910). The relation of blood platelets to hemorrhagic disease. Description of a method for determining the bleeding time and coagulation time and report of 3 cases of hemorrhagic disease relieved by transfusion. JAMA, 55, 1185–1192.
  • Hersh, E. M., Bodey, G. P., Boyd, A. N. and Freireich, E. J. (1965). Causes of death in acute leukaemia: a ten year study of 414 patients from 1954–1963. JAMA, 193, 99–103.
  • Han, T., Stutzman, L., Cohen, E. and Kim, U. (1966). Effect of platelet transfusion on haemorrhage in patients with acute leukaemia. Cancer, 19, 1937–1942.
  • The Trial to Reduce Alloimmunization to Platelets Study Group. (1997). Leukocyte reduction and ultraviolet B irradiation of platelets to prevent alloimmunization and refractoriness to platelet transfusions. New Engl. J. Med., 337, 1861–1869.
  • Slichter, S. (1980). Controversies in platelet transfusion therapy. Annu. Rev. Med., 31, 509–540.
  • National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference. (1987). Platelet transfusion therapy. JAMA, 257, 1777–1780.
  • British Committee for Standards in Haematology. (1992). Guidelines for platelet transfusions. Transfus. Med., 2, 311–318.
  • Contreras, M. (1998). Consensus Conference on Platelet Transfusion. Final statement. Br. J. Haematol., 101, 614–615.
  • Slichter, S. J. (1990). Platelet transfusion therapy. Haematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, 4, 291–311.
  • Surgenor, D. M., Wallace, E. L., Hao, S. H. and Chapman, R. H. (1989). Collection and transfusion of blood in the United States, 1982–1988. N. Engl. J. Med., 322, 1646–1651.
  • Wallace, E. L., Churchill, W. H., Surgenor, D. M. et al. (1995). Collection and transfusion of blood and blood components in the United States, 1992. Transfusion, 35, 802–812.
  • Beutler, E. (1993). Platelet transfusions: the 20,000/uL trigger. Blood, 81, 1411–1413.
  • Wallace, E. L., Churchill, W. H., Surgenor, D. M., Cho, G. S. and McGurk, S. (1998). Collection and transfusion of blood and blood components in the United States, 1994. Transfusion, 38, 625–636.
  • Slichter, S. J. and Harker, L. A. (1978). Thrombocytopenia: Mechanisms and management of defects in platelet production. Clin. Haematol., 7, 523–539.
  • Schiffer, C. A. (1992). Prophylactic platelet transfusion. Transfusion, 32, 295–298.
  • Gmur, J., Burger, J., Schanz, U., Fehr, J. and Schaffner, A. (1991). Safety of stringent prophylactic platelet transfusion policy for patients with acute leukaemia. Lancet, 338, 1223–1226.
  • Pisciotto, P. T., Benson, K., Hume, H. et al. (1995). Prophylactic versus therapeutic platelet transfusion practices in hematology and/or oncology patients. Transfusion, 35, 498–502.
  • Kretschmer, V. (1995). Platelet transfusions in Europe—analysis of the ESFH questionnaire. Infusiontherapie und Transfusionsmedizin, 22 (suppl. 2), 55.
  • Murphy, M. F., Murphy, W., Wheatley, K. and Goldstone, A. H. (1998). Survey of use of platelet transfusions in centres participating in MRC leukaemia trials. Br. J. Haematol., 102, 875–876.
  • Wandt, H., Frank, M., Schneider, C. et al. (1998). Safety and cost effectiveness of a 10 × 109/L compared with the traditional 20 × 109/L trigger: a prospective comparative trial in 105 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Blood, 91, 3601–3606.
  • Rebulla, P., Finazzi, G., Marangoni, F. et al. (1997). The threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions in adults with acute myeloblastic leukaemia. N. Engl. J. Med., 337, 1870–1875.
  • Springer, W. and von Ruecker, A. (1998). Difficulties in determining prophylactic transfusion thresholds of platelets in leukaemia patients. Blood, 92, 2183–2184.
  • Kickler, T., Rothe, M., Blosser, L., Schisano, T. and van Hove, L. (1998). Improved platelet transfusion decisions using the Immunoplttm method on the Cell-Dyn 4000. Br. J. Haematol., 102, 214.
  • Souyri, M., Vigon, I., Penciolelli, J.-F., Heard, J.-M., Tambourin, P. and Wendling, F. (1990). A putative truncated cytokine receptor gene transduced by the myeloproliferative leukaemia virus immortalizes hematopoietic progenitors. Cell, 63, 1137–1147.
  • Vigon, I., Momon, J.-P., Cocault, L. et al. (1992). Molecular cloning and characterization of MPL, the human homolog of the v-mpl oncogene: identification of a member of the hematopoietic growth factor receptor superfamily. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 5640–5644.
  • de Sauvage, F. J., Hass, P. E., Spencer, S. D. et al. (1994). Stimulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis by the c-mpl ligand. Nature, 369, 533–538.
  • Bartley, T. D., Bogenberger, J., Hunt, P. et al. (1994). Identification and cloning of a megakaryocyte growth and development factor that is a ligand for the cytokine receptor Mpl. Cell, 77, 1117–1124.
  • Lok, S., Kaushansky, K., Holly, R. D. et al. (1994). Cloning and expression of murine thrombopoietin cDNA and stimulation of platelet production in vivo. Nature, 369, 565–568.
  • Sohma, Y., Akahori, H., Seki, N. et al. (1994). Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of the human thrombopoietin gene. FEBS Letters, 353, 57–61.
  • Hokom, M. M., Lacey, D., Kinstler, O. B. et al. (1995). Pegylated megakaryocyte growth and development factor abrogates the lethal thrombocytopenia associated with carboplatin and irradiation in mice. Blood, 86, 4486–4492.
  • Kaushansky, K. (1998). Thrombopoietin. New Engl. J. Med., 339, 746–754.
  • Broudy, V. C., Lin, N. L. and Kaushansky, K. (1995). Thrombopoietin (c-mpl ligand) acts synergistically with erythropoietin, stem cell factor, and interleukin-11 to enhance murine megakaryocyte colony growth and increases megakaryocyte ploidy in vitro. Blood, 85, 1719–1726.
  • Kaushansky, K. (1998). Thrombopoietin and the hematopoietic stem cell. Blood, 92, 1–3.
  • Harker, L. A., Marzec, U. M., Hunt, P. et al. (1996). Dose response effects of pegylated human megakaryocyte growth and development factor on platelet production and function in nonhuman primates. Blood, 88, 511–521.
  • Kaushansky, K., Lin, N., Grossmann, A., Hames, J., Spragel, K. H., and Broudy, V. C. (1995). Thrombopoietin expands erythroid progenitors, increases red cell production, and enhances erythroid recovery after myelosuppressive therapy. J. Clin. Invest, 96, 1683–1687.
  • Alexander, W. S., Roberts, A. W., Nicola, N. A., Li., R. and Metcalf, D. (1996). Deficiencies in progenitor cells of multiple hematopoietic lineages and defective megakaryocytopoiesis in mice lacking the thrombopoietin receptor c-Mpl. Blood, 87, 2162–2170.
  • Chen, J., Herceg-Harjacek, H. I., Groopman., J. E. and Grabarek, J. (1995). Regulation of platelet activation in vitro by the c-Mpl ligand, thrombopoietin. Blood, 86, 4054–4062.
  • Nichol, J. L., Hokom, M. M., Homkohl, A. et al. (1995). Megakaryocyte growth and development factor: analysis of in vitro effects on human megakaryopoiesis and endogenous serum levels during chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. J. Clin. Invest, 95, 2973–2978.
  • Kuter, D. J. and Rosenberg, R. D. (1995). The reciprocal relationship of thrombopoietin (c-Mpl ligand) to changes in the platelet mass during busulphan-induced thrombocytopenia in the rabbit. Blood, 85, 2720–2730.
  • Sungaran, R., Markovic, B. and Chong, B. H. (1997). Localization and regulation of thrombopoietin mRNA expression in human kidney, liver, bone marrow and spleen using in situ hybridization. Blood, 89, 101–107.
  • Stoffel, R., Wiestner, A. and Skoda, R. C. (1996). Thrombopoietin in thrombocytopenic mice: evidence against regulation at the mRNA level and for a direct regulatory role of platelets. Blood, 87, 567–573.
  • Nagata, Y., Shozaki, Y., Nagahisa, H. et al. (1997). Serum thrombopoietin level is not regulated by transcription but by the total counts of both megakaryocytes and platelets during thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 77, 808–814.
  • Hou, M., Andersson, P. O., Stockelberg, D., Mellqvist, U. H., Ridell, B. and Wadenvik, H. (1998). Plasma thrombopoietin levels in thrombocytopenic states: implication for a regulatory role of bone marrow megakaryocytes. Br. J. Haematol, 101, 420–424.
  • Meng, Y. G., Martin, T. G., Peterson, M. L., Shuman, M. A., Cohen, R. L. and Wong, W. L. (1996). Circulating thrombopoietin levels in thrombocytopenic patients, including cancer patients following chemotherapy, with or without peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. Br. J. Haematol., 95, 535–541.
  • Marsh, J. C. W., Gibson, F. M., Prue, R. L. et al. (1996). Serum thrombopoietin levels in patients with aplastic anaemia. Br. J. Haematol., 95, 605–610.
  • Schrezenmeier, H., Greisshammer, M., Hornkohl, A. et al. (1998). Thrombopoietin serum levels in patients with aplastic anaemia: correlation with platelet count and persistent elevation in remission. Br. J. Haematol., 100, 571–576.
  • Nagasawa, T., Hasegawa, Y., Shimizu, S. et al. (1998). Serum thrombopoietin level is mainly regulated by megakaryocyte mass rather than platelet mass in human subjects. Br. J. Haematol., 101, 242–244.
  • Kosugi, S., Kurata, Y., Tomiyama, Y. et al. (1996). Circulating thrombopoietin level in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Br. J. Haematol., 93, 704–706.
  • Farese, A., Hunt, P., Boone, T. and MacVittie, T. J. (1995). Recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor stimulates thrombocytopoiesis in normal nonhuman primates. Blood, 86, 54–59.
  • Ulich, T. R., del Castillo, J., Yin, S. et al. (1995). Megakaryocyte growth and development factor ameliorates carboplatin-induced thrombocytopenia in mice. Blood, 86, 971–976.
  • Akahori, H., Shibuya, K., Obuchi, M. et al. (1996). Effect of recombinant human thrombopoietin in nonhuman primates with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Br. J. Haematol., 94, 722–728.
  • Neelis, K., Dubbelman, Y. D., Qingliang, L. et al. (1997). Simultaneous administration of TPO and G-CSF after cytoreductive treatment of rhesus monkeys prevents thrombocytopenia, accelerates platelet and red cell reconstitution, alleviates neutropenia, and promotes the recovery of immature bone marrow cells. Exp. Hematol, 25, 1084–1093.
  • Van de Ven, C., Fernandez, G. W., Herbst, T. et al. (1998). The haemopoietic effects of thrombopoietin administered post myelosuppressive carboplatin therapy compared to either pre- and post- or prechemotherapy. Br. J. Haematol., 102, 775–782.
  • Shibuya, K., Akahori, H., Takahashi, K. et al. (1998). Multilineage hematopoietic recovery by a single injection of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor in myelosuppressed mice. Blood, 91, 37–45.
  • Fibbe, W. E., Heemskerk, D. P. M., Laterveer, L. et al. (1995). Accelerated reconsititution of platelets and erythrocytes after syngeneic transplantation of bone marrow cells derived from thrombopoetin pretreated donor mice. Blood, 86, 3308–3313.
  • Molineux, G., Hartley, C., McElroy, P. et al. (1996). Megakaryocyte growth and development factor accelerates platelet recovery in peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant recipients. Blood, 88, 366–376.
  • Basser, R. L., Rasko, J. E. J., Clarke, K. et al. (1996). Thrombopoietic effects of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHuMGDF) in patients with advanced cancer. Lancet, 348, 1279–81.
  • Vadhan-Raj, S., Murray, L. J., Bueso-Ramos, C. et al. (1997). Stimulation of megakaryocyte and platelet production by a single dose of recombinant human thrombopoietin in patients with cancer. Ann. Intern. Med., 126, 673–681.
  • Fanucchi, M., Glaspy, J., Crawford, J. et al. (1997). Effects of polyethylene glycol conjugated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor on platelet counts after chemotherapy for lung cancer. N. Engl. J. Med., 336, 404–409.
  • Basser, R. L., Rasko, J. E. J., Clarke, K. et al. (1997). Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled phase I trial of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor with filgrastim after dose-intensive chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer. Blood, 89, 3118–3128.
  • Vadhan-Raj, S., Verschraegen, C., McGarry, L. et al. (1997). Recombinant human thrombopoietin attenuates high-dose carboplatin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with gynecologic malignancy. Blood, 90, (suppl. 1), 580a.
  • Archimbaud, E., Ottmann, O., Liu Yin, J. A. et al. (1996). A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study using PEG-rHuMGDF as an adjunct to chemotherapy for adults with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia: early results. Blood, 88, (suppl. 1), 447a.
  • Schiffer, C. A., Miller, K., Larson, R. A. et al. (1998). A double blind, placebo controlled trial evaluating pegylated recombinant megakaryocyte growth and development factor as an adjunct to induction and consolidation therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Blood, 92, (suppl. 1), 313a.
  • Geissler, K., Kabrna, E., Stengg, S. et al. (1998). Recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor increases levels of circulating haemopoietic progenitor cells post chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol., 102, 535–543.
  • Rasko, J. E. J., Basser, R. L., Boyd, J. et al. (1997). Multilineage mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells in humans following administration of PEG-rHuMGDF. Br. J. Haematol., 97, 871–880.
  • Beveridge, R., Schuster, M., Waller, E. et al. (1997). Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor in breast cancer patients following autologous bone marrow transplantation. Blood, 90, (suppl. 1), 580a.
  • Glaspy, J., Vredenburgh, J., Demetri, G. D. et al. (1997). Effects of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor before high dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell support. Blood, 90 (suppl. 1), 580a.
  • Bolwell, B., Vredenburgh, J., Overmoyer, B. et al. (1997). Safety and biologic effect of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor in breast cancer patients following autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. Blood, 90 (suppl. 1), 171a.
  • Nash, R., Kurzrock, R., DiPersio, J. et al. (1997). Safety and activity of recombinant human thrombopoietin in patients with delayed platelet recovery. Blood, 90 (suppl. 1), 262a.
  • Kuter, D., McCullough, J., Romo, J. et al. (1997). Treatment of platelet donors with pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor increases circulating platelet counts and platelet apheresis yields and increases platelet increments in recipients of platelet transfusions. Blood, 90 (suppl. 1), 579a.
  • Du, X. and Williams, D. A. (1997). Interleukin-11: review of molecular, cell biology, and clinical use. Blood, 89, 3897–3908.
  • Tepler, I., Elias, L., Smith, J. W. II et al. (1996). A randomized placebo-controlled trial of recombinant interleukin-11 in cancer patients with severe thrombocytopenia due to chemotherapy. Blood, 87, 3607–3614.
  • Cwirla, S. E., Balasubramanian, P., Duffin, D. J. et al. (1997). Peptide agonist of the thrombopoietin receptor as potent as the natural cytokine. Science, 276, 1696–1699.
  • Deng, B., Banu, N., Malloy, B. et al. (1998). An agonist murine monoclonal antibody to the human c-mpl receptor stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis. Blood, 92, 1981–1988.
  • Goodnough, L. T., Kolodziej, M., Ehlenbeck, C. et al. (1995). A phase 1 study of safety and efficacy for infusible platelet membrane in patients. Blood, 86(suppl. 1), 610a.
  • Yen, R. K. C., Ho, T. W. C. and Blajchman, M. A. (1995). A new hemostatic agent: Thrombospheres shorten the bleeding time in thrombocytopenic rabbits. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 73, 986.
  • Levi, M., Friederich, P. W., Middleton, S. et al. (1999). Fibrinogen-coated albumin microcapsules reduce bleeding in severely thrombocytopenic rabbits. Nature Medicine, 5, 107–111.
  • Read, M. S., Reddick, R. L., Bode, A. P. et al. (1995). Preservation of hemostatic and structural properties of rehydrated lyophilized plateletsl: potential for longterm storage of dried platelets for transfusion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 92, 397–401.
  • Bode, A. P., Read, M. S. and Lust, R. M. (1994). Hemostatic properties of lyophilized platelets in tests of bleeding times. Transfusion, 34 (10S), S307.
  • Nevo, S., Swan, V., Enger, C. et al. (1998). Acute bleeding after bone marrow transplantation—incidence and effect on survival. A quantitative analysis in 1,402 patients. Blood, 91, 1469–1477.
  • Norol, F., Bierling, P., Roudot-Thoraval, F. et al. (1998). Platelet transfusion: a dose response study. Blood, 92, 1448–1453.
  • Yagi, M., Ritchie, K. A., Sitnicka, E. et al. (1998). Sustained substantial ex vivo production of hematopietic stem cells mediated by thrombopoietin. Blood, 92 (suppl. 1), 504a.
  • Goltry, K. L., Manchel, I., Robertson, W. M. and Smith, A. K. (1998). Increased expansion of primitive hematopoietic cells in unselected cord blood cultures using combinations of stem cell factor, thrombopoietin, and FLT-3 ligand. Blood, 92 (suppl. 1), 645a.
  • Van den Oudenrijn, S., de Haas, M., van der Schoot, E. et al. (1998). Megakaryocyte development from bone marrow, cord blood or peripheral blood-derived progenitor cells. Transfus. Med., 8, 246.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.