References
- Ihle, J. N. (1995). Cytokine receptor signaling. Nature, 377, 591–594.
- Dong, F., van Buitenen, C., Pouwels, K., Hoefsloot, L. H., Lowenberg, B. and Touw, I. P. (1993). Distinct cytoplasmic region of the human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor involved induction of proliferation and maturation. Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 7774–7781.
- Fukunaga, R., Ishizaka-Ikeda, E. and Nagata, S. (1993). Growth and differentiation signals mediated by different regions in the cytoplasmic domain of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor. Cell, 74, 1079–1087.
- Yamanaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Fukada, T., Hibi, M. and Hirano, T. (1996). Differentiation and growth arrest signals are generated through the cytoplasmic region of gp130 that is essential for STAT3 activation. EMBO J., 15, 1557–1567.
- Yoshikawa, A., Murakami, H. and Nagata, S. (1996). Distinct signal transduction through the tyrosine-obtaining domains of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor. EMBO J., 14, 5288–5296.
- Koay, D. C. and Satorelli, A. C. (1999). Functional differentiation signals mediated by distinct regions of the cytoplasmic domain of the granulocyte colony-stimulation factor receptor. Blood, 93, 3774–3784.
- Alexander, W. S., Maurer, A. B., Novak, U. and Harrison-Smith, M. (1996). Tyrosine-599 of the Mpl receptor is required for She phosphorylation and the induction of cellular differentiation. EMBO J., 23, 6531–6540.
- Porteu, F., Rouye, M.-C., Cocaul, L., Benit, L., Charon, M., Picard, F., Gisselbreht, S., Souyri, M. and Dusanter-Fourt, I. (1996). Functional region of the mouse thrombopoietin receptor cytoplasmic domain: Evidence for a critical region which is involved in differentiation and can be complemented by erythropoietin. Mol. Cell. Biol., 16, 2473–2482.
- Iwatsuki, K., Endo, T., Misawa, H., Yokouchi, M., Matsumoto, A., Ohtsubo, M., Mori, K. J. and Yoshimura, A. (1997). STAT5 activation correlates with erythropoietin receptor-mediated erythroid differentiation of an erythroleukemia cell line. J. Biol. Chem., 272, 8149–8152.
- Socolovsky, M., Dusanter-Fourt, I. and Lodish, H. F. (1997). The prolactin receptor and severely truncated erythropoietin receptors support differentiation of erythroid progenitors. J. Biol. Chem., 272, 14009–14012.
- Dubart, A., Feger, A. D. F., Lacout, C., Goncalves, F., Vainchenker, W. and Dumenil, D. (1994). Murine puluripotent hematopoietic progenitors constitutively expressing a normal erythropoietin receptor proliferate in response to erythropoietin without preferential erythroid cell differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 4834–4842.
- Takagi, M., Hara, T., Ichihara, M., Takatsu, K. and Miyajima, A. (1995). Multi-colony stimulating activity of interleukin 5 (IL-5) on hematopoietic progenitors from transgenic mice that express IL-5 receptor α subunit constitutively. J. Exp. Med., 181, 889–899.
- Nishijima, I., Nakahata, T., Hirabayashi, Y., Inoue, T., Kurata, H., Miyajima, A., Hayashi, N., Iwakura, Y., Arai K. and Yokota, T. (1996). A human GM-CSF receptor expressed in transgenic mice stimulates proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors to all lineages in response to human GM-SCF. Mol. Biol. Cell., 6, 497–508.
- Yang, F. C., Watanabe, S., Tsuji, K., Xu, M. J., Kaneko, A., Ebigara, Y. and Nakahata, T. (1998). Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulates the in vitro and in vivo development but not commitment of primitive multipotential progenitors from transgenic mice expressing the human G-CSF receptor. Blood, 92, 4632–4640.
- Jacob, J., Haug, J. S., Raptis, S. and Link, D. C. (1998). Specific signals generated by the cytoplasmic domain of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor are not required for G-CSF-dependent granulocytic differentiation. Blood, 92, 353–361.
- Till, J. E., McCulloch, E. A., and Siminovitch, L. (1964). A stochastic model of stem cell proliferation, based on the growth of the growth of spleen colony-forming cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 51, 29–31.
- Nakahata, T., Gross, A. J. and Ogawa, M. (1982). A stochastic model of self-renewal and commitment to differentiation of the primitive hemopoietic stem cells in culture. J. Cell. Physiol., 113, 455–458.
- Broxmeyer, H. E., Maze, R., Miyazawa, K., Carow, C., Hendrie, P. C., Cooper, S., Hangoc, G., Vadhan-Raji, S. and Lu, L. (1991). The kit receptor and its ligand Steel factor as regulators of hematopoiesis. Cancer Cells, 3, 480–487.
- Kaushansky, K. (1995). Thrombopoietin: The primary regulator of platelet production. Blood, 86, 419–431.
- Vigon, I., Mornon, J.-P., Cocault, L., Mitjavila, M.-T., Tambourin, P., Gisselbrecht, S. and Souyri, M. (1992). Molecular cloning and characterization of MPL, the human homolog of the v-mpl oncogene: Identification of a member of the hematopoietic growth factor receptor superfamily. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 89, 5640–5644.
- Cosman, D. (1993). The hematopoietin receptor superfamily. Cytokine, 5, 95–106.
- Kaushansky, K., Lok, S., Holly, R. D., Broudy, V. C., Lin N., Bailey, M. C., Forstrom, J. W., Buddie, M. M., Oort, P. J. and Hagen, F. S. (1994). Promotion of megakaryocyte progenitor expansion and differentiation by the c-MPL ligand thrombopoietin. Nature, 369, 568–571.
- Kaushansky, K., Broudy, V. C., Lin, N., Jorgensen, M. J., McCarty, J., Fox, N., Zcker-Franklin, D. and Lofton-Day, C. (1995). Thrombopoietin, the Mpl ligand, is essential for full megakaryocyte development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 92, 3234–3238.
- Kobayashi, M., Laver, J. H., Kata, T., Mitazaki, H. and Ogawa, M. (1995). Recombinant human thrombopoietin (Mpl ligand) enhances proliferation of erythroid progenitors. Blood, 86, 2494–2499.
- Kaushansky, K., Broudy, V. C., Grossman, A., Humes, J., Lin, N., Ren, H. R., Bailey, M. C., Papayannopoulou, T., Forstirm, J. W. and Sprugel, K. H. (1995). Thrombopoietin expands erythroid progenitors, increases red cell production and enhances erythroid recovery after myelosuppressive therapy. J. Clin. Invest., 96, 1683–1687.
- Carver-Moore, K., Broxmeyer, H. E., Luoh, S. M., Cooper, S., Peng, J., Burstein, S. A., Moore, M. W. and de Sauvage, F. J. (1996). Low levels of erythroid and myeloid progenitors in thrombopoietin- and c-mpl-deficient mice. Blood, 88, 803–808.
- Ishibashi, T., Koziol, J. A. and Brunstein, S. A. (1987). Human recombinant erythropoietin promotes differentiation of murine megakaryocytes in vitro. J. Clin. Invest., 79, 286–289.
- McDonald, T. P., Cotterell, M. B., Clift, R. E., Culen, W. C. and Lin, F. K. (1987). High doses of recombinant erythropoietin stimulate platelet production in mice. Exp. Hematol., 15, 719–721.
- Dessypris, E. N., Gleaton, I. J. and Armstrong, O. L. (1987). Effect of human recombinant erythropoietin on human marrow megakaryocyte colony formation in vitro. Br. J. Haematol., 65, 265–269.
- Berridge, M. V., Frase, J. K., Carter, J. M. and Lin, F.-K. (1988). Effects of recombinant human erythropoietin in megakaryocytes and on platelet production in the rat. Blood, 72, 970–977.
- Shikama, Y., Ishibashi, T., Kimura, H., Kawaguchi, M., Uchida, T. and Maruyama, K. (1992). Transient effect of erythropoietin on thrombocytopoiesis in vivo in mice. Exp. Hematol., 20, 216–222.
- McDonald, T. P. and Sullivan, P. S. (1993). Megakaryocytic and erythrocytic cell lines share a common precursor cell. Exp. Hematol., 21, 1316–1320.
- Debili, N., Coulombel, L., Croisille, L., Katz, A., Guichard, J., Breton-Gorius, J. and Vainchenker, W. (1996). Characterization of a bipotent erythro-megakaryocytic progenitor in human bone marrow. Blood, 88, 1284–1296.
- Tauchi, T., Feng, G.-S., Shen, R., Hoatlin, M., Bagby Jr, G. C., Kabat, D. and Broxmeyer, H. E. (1995). Involvement of SH2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase Syp in erythropoietin receptor signal transduction pathways. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 5631–5635.
- Hendrie, P. C., Miyazawa, K., Yang, Y. C., Langfeld, C. D. and Broxmeyer, H. E. (1991). Mast cell growth factor (c-kit ligand) enhances cytokine stimulation of proliferation of human factor dependent cell line MO7e. Exp. Hematol., 19, 1031–1037.
- Miyazawa, K., Williams, D. A., Gotoh, A., Nishimaki, J., Broxmeyer, H. E. and Toyama, K. (1995). Membrane-bound Steel factor induces more persistent tyrosine kinase activation and longer life span of c-kit gene-encoded protein than its soluble form. Blood, 85, 641–649.
- Jackson Blood, C. W. (1973). Cholinesterase as a possible marker for early cells of the megakaryocytic series. Blood, 42, 413–421.
- Gotoh, A., Takahira, H., Mantel, C., Jackson, L., Boswell, H. S. and Broxmeyer, H. E. (1996). Steel factor induces serine phosphorylation of Stat 3 in human growth factor-dependent cell lines. Blood, 88, 138–145.
- Avanzi, G. C., Lista, P., Giovimazzo, B., Miniero, R., Sablio, G., Benetton, G., Coda, R., Cattoretti, G. and Pegoraro, L. (1988). Selective growth response to IL-3 of a human leukemic cell line with megakaryoblastic features. Brit. J. Haematol., 69, 359–366.
- Muta, K., Kranz, S. B., Bondurant, M. C. and Dai, C. H. (1995). Stem cell factor retards differentiation of normal human erythroid progenitor cells while stimulating proliferation. Blood, 86, 572–580.
- Krystal, G., Lam, V., Dragowska, W., Takahashi, C., Appel, J., Gontier, A., Jenkins, A., Lam, H., Quon, L. and Lansdrop, P. (1994). Transforming growth factor beta 1 is an inducer of erythroid differentiation. J. Exp. Med., 180, 851–860.
- Tomida, M. (1995). Induction of differentiation of WEHI-3B D+leukemic cells transfected with differentiation-stimulating factor/leukemia inhibitory factor receptor cDNA. Blood, 85, 217–221.
- Berlingieri, M. T., Santoro, M., Battaglia, C., Grieco, M. and Fusco, A. (1993). The adenovirus E1A gene blocks the differentiation of a thyroid epithelial cell line, however the neoplastic phenotype is achieved only after cooperation with other oncogenes. Oncogene, 8, 249–255.
- Gurney, A. L., Wong, S. C., Henzel, W. J. and de Sauvage, F. J. (1995). Distinct regions of c-Mpl cytoplasmic domain are coupled to the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway and She phosphorylation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 92, 5292–5296.
- Pallard, C., Gouilleux, F., Benit, L., Cocault, L., Souyri, M., Levy, D., Groner, B., Gisselbrecht, S. and Dusanter-Fourt, I. (1995). Thrombopoietin activates a STAT-like factor in hematopoietic cells. EMBO. J., 14, 2847–2856.
- Sattler, M., Durstin, M. A., Frank, D. A., Okuda, K., Kaushansky, K., Salgia, R. and Griffin, J. D. (1995). The thrombopoietin receptor c-MPL activates JAK ad TYK2 tyrosine kinases. Exp. Hematol., 23, 1040–1048.
- Ezumi, Y., Takayama, H. and Okuma, M. (1995). Thrombopoietin, c-Mpl ligand, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Tyk2, JAK2, and STAT3, and enhances agonists-induced aggregation in platelets in vitro. FEBS. Letters., 374, 48–52.
- Miyakawa, Y., Oda, A., Druker, B. J., Ozaki, K., Handa, M., Ohashi, H. and Ikeda, Y. (1995). Recombinant thrombopoietin induces rapid protein tyrosine phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 and She in human blood platelets. Blood, 86, 23–27.
- Correa, P. N. and Axelrad, A. A. (1991). Production of erythropoietin bursts by p-progenitor cells from adult human peripheral blood in an improved serum-free medium: role of insulinlike growth factor 1. Blood, 78, 2823–2833.
- Boyer, S. H., Bishop, T. R., Roger, O. C., Noyes, A. N., Frelin, L. P. and Hobbs, S. (1992). Roles of erythropoietin, insulin-like growth factor 1, and unidentified serum factors in promoting maturation of purified murine erythroid colony-forming units. Blood, 80, 2503–2512.
- McArthur, G. A., Rohrschneider, L. R. and Johnson, G. R. (1994). Induced expression of c-fms in normal hematopoietic cells shows evidence for both conservation and lineage restriction of signal transduction in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Blood, 83, 972–981.
- Wu, H., Klingmuller, U., Acurio, A., Hsiao, J. G. and Lodish, H. F. (1997). Functional interaction of erythropoietin and stem cell factor receptors is essential for erythroid colony formation. Pro. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 94, 1806–1810.