Elevated plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in children with beta-thalassemia major may be an early marker for endothelial dysfunction

References

• Aggeli C, Antoniades C, Cosma C, et al. Endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory process in transfusion-dependent patients with beta-thalassemia major. Int J Cardiol. 2005;105(1):80–84. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.12.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolnagou A, Natsiopoulos K, Kleanthous M, et al. Liver iron and serum ferritin levels are misleading for estimating cardiac, pancreatic, splenic and total body ironload in thalassemia patients: factors influencing the heterogenic distribution of excess storage iron in organs as identified by MRI T2*. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2013;23(1):48–56. doi: 10.3109/15376516.2012.727198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piccione M C, Piraino B, Zito C, et al. Early identification of cardiovascular involvement in patients with β-thalassemia major. Am J Cardiol. 2013;112(8):1246–1251. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.05.080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rooyakkers TM, Stroes ES, Kooistra MP, et al. Ferric saccharate induces oxygen radical stress and endothelial dysfunction in vivo. Eur J Clin Invest. 2002;32:S9–16. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.0320s1009.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuomainen TP, Diczfalusy U, Kaikkonen J, et al. Serum ferritin concentration is associated with plasma levels of cholesterol oxidation products in man. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003;35:922–928. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00433-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoyanova E, Trudel M, Felfly H, et al. Vascular endothelial dysfunction in β-thalassemia occurs despite increased eNOS expression and preserved vascular smooth muscle cell reactivity to NO. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38089. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu LL, Champion HC, Campbell-Lee SA, et al. Hemolysis in sickle cell mice causes pulmonary hypertension due to global impairment in nitric oxide bioavailability. Blood. 2007;109:3088–3309. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-06-029173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Förstermann U. Nitric oxide and oxidative stress in vascular disease. Pflugers Arch. 2010;459(6):923–939. doi: 10.1007/s00424-010-0808-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawashima S, Yokoyama M. Dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:998–1005. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000125114.88079.96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landim MB, Casella Filho A, Chagas AC. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and endothelial dysfunction: implications for atherogenesis. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2009;64(5):471–478. doi: 10.1590/S1807-59322009000500015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böger RH, Maas R, Schulze F, et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a prospective marker of cardiovascular disease and mortality-An update on patient populations with a wide range of cardiovascular risk. Pharmacol Res. 2009;60:481–487. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogru T, Genc H, Tapan S, et al. Elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine in plasma: an early marker for endothelial dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012;96(1):47–52. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.11.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiseman S, Marlborough F, Doubal F, et al. Blood markers of coagulation, fibrinolysis, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in lacunar stroke versus non-lacunar stroke and non-stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014;37(1):64–75. doi: 10.1159/000356789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davignon J, Ganz P. Role of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2004;109(23 Suppl 1):III27–III32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drexler H. Nitric oxide and coronary endothelial dysfunction in humans. Cardiovasc Res. 1999;43:572–579. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6363(99)00152-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudau M, Genis A, Lochner A, et al. Endothelial dysfunction: the early predictor of atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2012;23(4):222–231. doi: 10.5830/CVJA-2011-068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamed el-S, Ibrahim B, Amr D, et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in children with β-thalassemia and their correlations to tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014;61(9):1540–1543. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landburg PP, Teerlink T, Biemond BJ, et al. CURAMA study group. Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in sickle cell disease are related to the hemolytic phenotype. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2010;44(4):229–232. doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoniades C, Tousoulis D, Tentolouris C, et al. Oxidative stress, antioxidant vitamins and atherosclerosis: from basic research to clinical practice. Herz. 2003;28(7):628–638. doi: 10.1007/s00059-003-2417-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colonna V DG, Bianchi M, Pascale V, et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): An endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and a novel cardiovascular risk molecule. Med Sci Monit. 2009;15:RA91–RA101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böger RH. Asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, explains the “L-arginine paradox” and acts as a novel cardiovascular. J Nutr. 2004;134:2842S–2847S. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.10.2842S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davids M, van Hell AJ, Visser M, et al. Role of the human erythrocyte in generation and storage of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2012;302:H1762–H1770. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.01205.2011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libby P, Ridker PM, Maseri A. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2002;150:1135–1143. doi: 10.1161/hc0902.104353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyriakou DS, Alexandrakis MG, Kyriakou ES, et al. Activated peripheral blood and endothelial cells in thalassemia patients. Ann Hematol. 2001;80(10):577–583. doi: 10.1007/s002770100355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanavaki I, Makrythanasis P, Lazaropoulou C, et al. Soluble endothelial adhesion molecules and inflammation markers in patients with beta-thalassemia intermedia. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2009;43(3):230–234. doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2009.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar