Platelet monoamine oxidase type B, MAOB intron 13 and MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder

References

• Adolfsson R, Gottfries CG, Oreland L, Wiberg A, Winblad B. (1980). Increased activity of brain and platelet monoamine oxidase in dementia of Alzheimer type. Life Sci 27:1029–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ, Kriplani A, Logan J, Tomasi D, Williams B, Telang F, et al. (2008). Brain monoamine oxidase A activity predicts trait aggression. J Neurosci 28:5099–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antypa N, Giegling I, Calati R, Schneider B, Hartmann AM, Friedl M, Konte B, et al. (2013). MAOA and MAOB polymorphisms and anger-related traits in suicidal participants and controls. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 263:393–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APA. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV). 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 886 p.
   Google Scholar
• APA. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 947 p.
   Google Scholar
• Aslund C, Nordquist N, Comasco E, Leppert J, Oreland L, Nilsson KW. (2011). Maltreatment, MAOA, and delinquency: sex differences in gene-environment interaction in a large population-based cohort of adolescents. Behav Genet 41:262–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axelrod SR, Morgan CA III, Southwick SM. (2005). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder in veterans of Operation Desert Storm. Am J Psychiatry 162:270–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balciuniene J, Emilsson L, Oreland L, Pettersson U, Jazin EE. (2002). Investigation of the functional effect of monoamine oxidase polymorphisms in human brain. Hum Genet 110:1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begic D, Jokic-Begic N. (2001). Aggressive behavior in combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Mil Med 166:671–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlin I, Anthenelli RM. (2001). Monoamine oxidases and tobacco smoking. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 4:33–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bortolato M, Shih JC. (2011). Behavioral outcomes of monoamine oxidase deficiency: preclinical and clinical evidence. Int Rev Neurobiol 100:13–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bortolato M, Pivac N, Muck-Seler D, Nikolac Perkovic M, Pessia M, Giovanni GD. (2013). The role of the serotonergic system at the interface of aggression and suicide. Neuroscience 236:160–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braakman MH, Kortmann FA, van den Brink W, Verkes RJ. (2008). Posttraumatic stress disorder with secondary psychotic features: neurobiological findings. Prog Brain Res 167:299–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braakman MH, Kortmann FA, van den Brink W. (2009). Validity of 'post-traumatic stress disorder with secondary psychotic features': a review of the evidence. Acta Psychiatr Scand 119:15–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunner HG, Nelen M, Breakefield XO, Ropers HH, van Oost BA. (1993). Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A. Science 262:578–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler RW, Mueser KT, Sprock J, Braff DL. (1996). Positive symptoms of psychosis in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 39:839–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camarena B, Fresan A, Aguilar A, Escamilla R, Saracco R, Palacios J, Tovilla A, Nicolini H. (2012). Monoamine oxidase A and B gene polymorphisms and negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. ISRN Psychiatry 2012:852949.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carlson EB, Lauderdale S, Hawkins J, Sheikh JI. (2008). Posttraumatic stress and aggression among veterans in long-term care. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 21:61–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspi A, McClay J, Moffitt TE, Mill J, Martin J, Craig IW, Taylor A, Poulton R. (2002). Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 297:851–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen K, Shih JC. (1998). Monoamine oxidase A and B: structure, function, and behavior. Adv Pharmacol 42:292–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• David D, Kutcher GS, Jackson EI, Mellman TA. (1999). Psychotic symptoms in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 60:29–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson J, Lipper S, Kilts CD, Mahorney S, Hammett E. (1985). Platelet MAO activity in posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 142:1341–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deckert J, Catalano M, Syagailo YV, Bosi M, Okladnova O, Di Bella D, Nothen MM, et al. (1999). Excess of high activity monoamine oxidase A gene promoter alleles in female patients with panic disorder. Hum Mol Genet 8:621–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domschke K. (2012). Patho-genetics of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatr Danub 24:267–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edmondson DE, Binda C, Wang J, Upadhyay AK, Mattevi A. (2009). Molecular and mechanistic properties of the membrane-bound mitochondrial monoamine oxidases. Biochemistry 48:4220–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehlers A, Steil R. (1995). Maintenance of intrusive memories in posttraumatic stress disorder: a cognitive approach. Behav Cogn Psychother 23:217–49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elbogen EB, Wagner HR, Fuller SR, Calhoun PS, Kinneer PM. (2010). Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, Beckham JC. Correlates of anger and hostility in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. Am J Psychiatry 167:1051–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ertugrul A, Ucar G, Basar K, Demir B, Yabanoglu S, Ulug B. (2007). Influence of clozapine on platelet serotonin, monoamine oxidase and plasma serotonin levels. Psychiatry Res 14:49–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods 41:1149–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garpenstrand H, Ekblom J, Forslund K, Rylander G, Oreland L. (2000). Platelet monoamine oxidase activity is related to MAOB intron 13 genotype. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 107:523–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girmen AS, Baenziger J, Hotamisligil GS, Konradi C, Shalish C, Sullivan JL, Breakefield XO. (1992). Relationship between platelet monoamine oxidase B activity and alleles at the MAOB locus. J Neurochem 59:2063–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haberstick BC, Lessem JM, Hewitt JK, Smolen A, Hopfer CJ, Halpern CT, Killeya-Jones LA, et al. (2014). MAOA genotype, childhood maltreatment, and their interaction in the etiology of adult antisocial behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 75:25–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamner MB. (1996). Clozapine treatment for a veteran with comorbid psychosis and PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 153:841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamner MB. (1997). Psychotic features and combat-associated PTSD. Depress Anxiety 5:34–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamner MB, Gold PB. (1998). Plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in psychotic and non-psychotic post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 77:175–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harro J, Fischer K, Vansteelandt S, Harro M. (2004). Both low and high activities of platelet monoamine oxidase increase the probability of becoming a smoker. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 14:65–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecker T, Fetz S, Ainamani H, Elbert T. (2015). The cycle of violence: associations between exposure to violence, trauma-related symptoms and aggression-findings from congolese refugees in Uganda. J Trauma Stress 28:448–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heins T, Gray A, Tennant M. (1990). Persisting hallucinations following childhood sexual abuse. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 24:561–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoge CW, Terhakopian A, Castro CA, Messer SC, Engel CC. (2007). Association of posttraumatic stress disorder with somatic symptoms, health care visits, and absenteeism among Iraq war veterans. Am J Psychiatry 164:150–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YY, Cate SP, Battistuzzi C, Oquendo MA, Brent D, Mann JJ. (2004). An association between a functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase a gene promoter, impulsive traits and early abuse experiences. Neuropsychopharmacology 29:1498–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivezic S, Bagaric A, Oruc L, Mimica N, Ljubin T. (2000). Psychotic symptoms and comorbid psychiatric disorders in Croatian combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder patients. Croat Med J 41:179–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakubauskiene E, Janaviciute V, Peciuliene I, Soderkvist P, Kanopka A. (2012). G/A polymorphism in intronic sequence affects the processing of MAO-B gene in patients with Parkinson disease. FEBS Lett 586:3698–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakupcak M, Conybeare D, Phelps L, Hunt S, Holmes HA, Felker B, Klevens M, McFall ME. (2007). Anger, hostility, and aggression among Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans reporting PTSD and subthreshold PTSD. J Trauma Stress 20:945–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansson M, McCarthy S, Sullivan PF, Dickman P, Andersson B, Oreland L, Schalling M, Pedersen NL. (2005). MAOA haplotypes associated with thrombocyte-MAO activity. BMC Genetics 6:46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastelan A, Franciskovic T, Moro L, Roncevic GI, Grkovic J, Jurcan V, Lesica T, et al. (2007). Psychotic symptoms in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Mil Med 172:273–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kehle SM, Greer N, Rutks I, Wilt T. (2011). Interventions to improve veterans' access to care: a systematic review of the literature. J Gen Intern Med 26:689–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Borges G, Walters EE. (1999). Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56:617–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiive E, Ensoo D, Harro M, Harro J. (2002). Platelet monoamino oxidase activity in association with aggressive and hyperactive behavior: the effect of smoking? Pers Ind Diff 33:355–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiive E, Merenäkk L, Harro M, Harro J. (2005). Changes in platelet monoamine oxidase activity, cholesterol levels and hyperactive behaviour in adolescents over a period of three years. Neurosci Lett 384:310–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiive E, Laas K, Akkermann K, Comasco E, Oreland L, Veidebaum T, Harro J. (2014). Mitigating aggressiveness through education? The monoamine oxidase A genotype and mental health in general population. Acta Neuropsychiatr 26:19–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim-Cohen J, Caspi A, Taylor A, Williams B, Newcombe R, Craig IW, Moffitt TE. (2006). MAOA, maltreatment, and geneenvironment interaction predicting children’s mental health: new evidence and a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 11:903–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozaric-Kovacic D, Pivac N, Muck-Seler D, Rothbaum BO. (2005). Risperidone in psychotic combat related posttraumatic stress disorder: an open trial. J Clin Psychiatry 66:922–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozaric-Kovacic D, Pivac N. (2007). Quetiapine treatment in an open trial in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder with psychotic features. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 10:253–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krajl M. (1965). A rapid microfluorimetric determination of monoamine oxidase. Biochem Pharmacol 14:1684–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenders JW, Eisenhofer G, Abeling NG, Berger W, Murphy DL, Konings CH, Wagemakers LM, et al. (1996). Specific genetic deficiencies of the A and B isoenzymes of monoamine oxidase are characterized by distinct neurochemical and clinical phenotypes. J Clin Invest 97:1010–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesem MD, Tran-Johnson TK, Riesenberg RA, Feifel D, Allen MH, Fishman R, Spyker DA, et al. (2011). Rapid acute treatment of agitation in individuals with schizophrenia: multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled study of inhaled loxapine. Br J Psychiatry 198:51–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann JJ. (2003). Neurobiology of suicidal behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:819–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuck SB, Flory JD, Ferrell RE, Mann JJ, Muldoon MF. (2002). A regulatory polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase-A gene may be associated with variability in aggression, impulsivity, and central nervous system serotonergic responsivity. Psychiatry Res 95:9–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meszaros Z, Borsiczky D, Mate M, Tarcali J, Szombathy T, Tekes K, Magyar K. (1998). Platelet MAO-B activity and serotonin content in patients with dementia: effect of age, medication, and disease. Neurochem Res 23:863–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF. (1988). A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res 16:1215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohr P, Pečeňak J, Švestka J, Swingler D, Treuer T. (2005). Treatment of acute agitation in psychotic disorders. Neuroendocrinol Lett26:327–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montoya A, Valladares A, Lizán L, San L, Escobar R, Paz S. (2011). Validation of the Excited Component of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSSEC) in a naturalistic sample of 278 patients with acute psychosis and agitation in a psychiatric emergency room. Health Qual Life Outcomes 9:18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muck-Seler D, Sagud M, Mustapic M, Nedic G, Babic A, Mihaljevic Peles A, Jakovljevic M, Pivac N. (2008). The effect of lamotrigine on platelet monoamine oxidase type B activity in patients with bipolar depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 32:1195–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muck-Seler D, Presecki P, Mimica N, Mustapic M, Pivac N, Babic A, Nedic G, Folnegovic-Smalc V. (2009). Platelet serotonin concentration and monoamine oxidase type B activity in female patients in early, middle and late phase of Alzheimer’s disease. Progr Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 33:1226–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueser KT, Butler RW. (1987). Auditory hallucinations in combat-related chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 144:299–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nedic Erjavec G, Nenadic Sviglin K, Nikolac Perkovic M, Muck-Seler D, Jovanovic T, Pivac N. (2014). Association of gene polymorphisms encoding dopaminergic system components and platelet MAO-B activity with alcohol dependence and alcohol dependence-related phenotypes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 54:321–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netter P, Montag C, Reuter M, Baars M, Gallhofer B. (2015). Genetic variation of the MAO B Gene is related to shorter reaction times in alcohol dependent patients. J Addict Med Ther 3:1014.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson KW, Sjoberg RL, Damberg M, Leppert J, Ohrvik J, Olof Alm P, Lindstrom L, Oreland L. (2006). Role of monoamine oxidase A genotype and psychosocial factors in male adolescent criminal activity. Biol Psychiatry 2:121–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novaco RW, Chemtob CM. (2015). Violence associated with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: The importance of anger. Psychol Trauma 7:485–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oreland L, Hallman J. (1995). The correlation between platelet MAO activity and personality: Short review of findings and a discussion on possible mechanisms. Prog Brain Res 106:77–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oreland L, Damberg M, Hallman J, Garpenstrand H. (2002). Smoking only explains part of the associations between platelet monoamine oxidase activity and personality. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 109:963–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oreland L. (2004). Platelet monoamine oxidase, personality and alcoholism: the rise, fall and resurrection. Neurotoxicology 25:79–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paaver M, Eensoo D, Pulver A, Harro J. (2006). Adaptive and maladaptive impulsivity, platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and risk-admitting in different types of risky drivers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 186:32–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto PA, Gregory RJ. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder with psychotic features. Am J Psychiatry 152:471–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pivac N, Knezevic J, Kozaric-Kovacic D, Dezeljin M, Mustapic M, Rak D, Matijevic T, et al. (2007). Monoamine oxidase (MAO) intron 13 polymorphism and platelet MAO-B activity in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Affect Disord 103:131–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pivac N, Knezevic J, Mustapic M, Dezeljin M, Muck-Seler D, Kozaric-Kovacic D, Balija M, et al. (2006). The lack of association between monoamine oxidase (MAO) intron 13 polymorphism and platelet MAO-B activity among men. Life Sci 79:45–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pivac N, Kozaric-Kovacic D, Muck-Seler D. (2004). Olanzapine versus fluphenazine in an open trial in patients with psychoptic combat related posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychopharmacology 175:451–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pivac N, Mück-Seler D, Sagud M, Jakovljević M. (2002). Platelet serotonergic markers in posttraumatic stress disorder. Prog Neuropsychophar-macol Biol Psychiatry 26:1193–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pivac N, Muck-Seler D, Sagud M, Jakovljevic M, Mustapic M, Mihaljevic-Peles A. (2003). Long-term sertraline treatment and peripheral biochemical markers in female depressed patients. Prog Neuropsycho-pharmacol Biol Psychiatry 27:759–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romme MA, Escher AD. (1989). Hearing voices. Schizophr Bull 15:209–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth JA, Young JG, Cohen DJ. (1976). Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in children and adolescents. Life Sci 18:919–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruchkin V, Koposov RA, Klinteberg B, Oreland L, Grigorenko EL. (2005). Platelet MAO-B, personality and psychopathology. J Abnorm Psychol 114:477–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabol SZ, Hu S, Hamer D. (1998). A functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter. Hum Genet 103:273–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandler M, Glover V, Clow A, Jarman J. (1993). Monoamine oxidase-B, monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors, and Parkinson's disease. A role for superoxide dismutase? Adv Neurol 60:238–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sansonnet-Hayden H, Haley G, Marriage K, Fine S. (1987). Sexual abuse and psychopathology in hospitalized adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26:753–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sautter FJ, Brailey K, Uddo MM, Hamilton MF, Beard MG, Borges AH. (1999). PTSD and comorbid psychotic disorder: comparison with veterans diagnosed with PTSD or psychotic disorder. J Trauma Stress 12:73–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schalling D, Asberg M, Edman G, Oreland L. (1987). Markers for vulnerability to psychopathology: temperament traits associated with platelet MAO activity. Acta Psychiatr Scand 76:172–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherrer JF, Xian H, Lyons MJ, Goldberg J, Eisen SA, True WR, Tsuang M, et al. (2008). Posttraumatic stress disorder; combat exposure; and nicotine dependence, alcohol dependence, and major depression in male twins. Compr Psychiatry 49:297–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt U, Holsboer F, Rein T. (2011). Epigenetic aspects of posttraumatic stress disorder. Dis Markers 30:77–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaner A, Eth S. (1989). Can schizophrenia cause posttraumatic stress disorder? Am J Psychother 43:588–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shevlin M, Armour C, Murphy J, Houston JE, Adamson G. (2011). Evidence for a psychotic posttraumatic stress disorder subtype based on the National Comorbidity Survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 46:1069–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih JC, Chen K, Ridd MJ. (1999). Monoamine oxidase: from genes to behavior. Annu Rev Neurosci 22:197–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih JC, Chen K. (2004). Regulation of MAO-A and MAO-B gene expression. Curr Med Chem 11:1995–2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjoberg RL, Ducci F, Barr CS, Newman TK, Dell'osso L, Virkkunen M, Goldman D. (2008). A nonadditive interaction of a functional MAO-A VNTR and testosterone predicts antisocial behavior. Neuropsychophar-macology 33:425e30.
   Google Scholar
• Sobell JL, Lind TJ, Hebrink DD, Heston LL, Sommer SS. (1997). Screening the monoamine oxidase B gene in 100 male patients with schizophrenia: a cluster of polymorphisms in African-Americans but lack of functionally significant sequence changes. Am J Med Genet 74:44–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalenheim EG. (2004). Long-term validity of biological markers of psychopathy and criminal recidivism: follow-up 6–8 years after forensic psychiatric investigation. Psychiatry Res 121:281–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stetler DA, Davis C, Leavitt K, Schriger I, Benson K, Bhakta S, Wang LC, et al. (2014). Association of low-activity MAOA allelic variants with violent crime in incarcerated offenders. J Psychiatr Res 58:69–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taft CT, Kaloupek DG, Schumm JA, Marshall AD, Panuzio J, King DW, Keane TM. (2007a). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, physiological reactivity, alcohol problems, and aggression among military veterans. J Abnorm Psychol 116:498–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taft CT, Vogt DS, Marshall AD, Panuzio J, Niles BL. (2007b). Aggression among combat veterans: relationships with combat exposure and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, dysphoria, and anxiety. J Trauma Stress 20:135–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tikkanen R, Auvinen-Lintunen L, Ducci F, Sjöberg RL, Goldman D, Tiihonen J, Ojansuu I, Virkkunen M. (2011). Psychopathy, PCL-R, and MAOA genotype as predictors of violent reconvictions. Psychiatry Res 185:382–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volavka J. (2014). Aggression in psychoses. Adv Psychiatry 2014: 196281.
   Google Scholar
• Weathers FW, Keane TM, Davidson JR. (2001). Clinician-administered PTSD scale: a review of the first ten years of research. Depress Anxiety 13:132–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitfield JB, Pang D, Bucholz KK, Madden PA, Heath AC, Statham DJ, Martin NG. (2000). Monoamine oxidase: associations with alcohol dependence, smoking and other measures of psychopathology. Psychol Med 30:443–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widom CS, Brzustowicz LM. (2006). MAOA and the”cycle of violence”; childhood abuse and neglect, MAOA genotype, and risk for violent and antisocial behavior. Biol Psychiatry 60:684–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcox J, Briones D, Suess L. (1991). Auditory hallucinations, posttraumatic stress disorder, and ethnicity. Compr Psychiatry 32:320–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams LM, Gatt JM, Kuan SA, Dobson-Stone C, Palmer DM, Paul RH, Song L, et al. (2009). A polymorphism of the MAOA gene is associated with emotional brain markers and personality traits on an antisocial index. Neuropsychopharmacology 34:1797–809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf EJ, Miller MW, Krueger RF, Lyons MJ, Tsuang MT, Koenen KC. (2010). Posttraumatic stress disorder and the genetic structure of comorbidity. J Abnorm Psychol 119:320–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zammit S, Jones G, Jones SJ, Norton N, Sanders RD, Milham C, McCarthy GM, et al. (2004). Polymorphisms in the MAOA, MAOB, and COMT genes and aggressive behavior in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 128:19–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar