Psychological, endocrine and polygenic predictors of emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in a longitudinal birth cohort

References

• Achterberg, M., Dobbelaar, S., Boer, O. D., & Crone, E. A. (2021). Perceived stress as mediator for longitudinal effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on wellbeing of parents and children. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81720-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, E. L., Smith, D., Caccavale, L. J., & Bean, M. K. (2021). Parents are stressed! Patterns of parent stress across COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 626456. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agorastos, A., & Chrousos, G. P. (2022). The neuroendocrinology of stress: The stress-related continuum of chronic disease development. Molecular Psychiatry, 27(1), 502–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01224-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahrens, K. F., Neumann, R. J., von Werthern, N. M., Kranz, T. M., Kollmann, B., Mattes, B., Puhlmann, L. M. C., Weichert, D., Lutz, B., Basten, U., Fiebach, C. J., Wessa, M., Kalisch, R., Lieb, K., Chiocchetti, A. G., Tüscher, O., Reif, A., & Plichta, M. M. (2022). Association of polygenic risk scores and hair cortisol with mental health trajectories during COVID lockdown. Translational Psychiatry, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02165-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bignardi, G., Dalmaijer, E. S., Anwyl-Irvine, A. L., Smith, T. A., Siugzdaite, R., Uh, S., & Astle, D. E. (2020). Longitudinal increases in childhood depression symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 106(8), 791–797. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-320372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bussières, E. L., Malboeuf-Hurtubise, C., Meilleur, A., Mastine, T., Hérault, E., Chadi, N., Montreuil, M., Généreux, M., & Camden, C. (2021). Consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s mental health: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 691659. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.691659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buthmann, J. L., Miller, J. G., & Gotlib, I. H. (2022). Maternal–prenatal stress and depression predict infant temperament during the COVID-19 pandemic. Development and Psychopathology, 2022, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579422001055
   Google Scholar
• Chang, C. C., Chow, C. C., Tellier, L. C., Vattikuti, S., Purcell, S. M., & Lee, J. J. (2015). Second-generation PLINK: Rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets. GigaScience, 4(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13742-015-0047-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choi, S. W., & O’Reilly, P. F. (2019). PRSice-2: Polygenic Risk Score software for biobank-scale data. GigaScience, 8(7), giz082. https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giz082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobham, V. E., McDermott, B., Haslam, D., & Sanders, M. R. (2016). The role of parents, parenting and the family environment in children’s post-disaster mental health. Current Psychiatry Reports, 18(6), 53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0691-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cusinato, M., Iannattone, S., Spoto, A., Poli, M., Moretti, C., Gatta, M., & Miscioscia, M. (2020). Stress, resilience, and well-being in italian children and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 8297. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly, M., Sutin, A. R., & Robinson, E. (2022). Longitudinal changes in mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Psychological Medicine, 52(13), 2549–2558. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720004432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day, F. R., Ong, K. K., & Perry, J. R. B. (2018). Elucidating the genetic basis of social interaction and isolation. Nature Communications, 9(1), 2457. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04930-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Los Reyes, A., & Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: A critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study. Psychological Bulletin, 131(4), 483–509. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.4.483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duguay, G., Garon-Bissonnette, J., Lemieux, R., Dubois-Comtois, K., Mayrand, K., & Berthelot, N. (2022). Socioemotional development in infants of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of prenatal and postnatal maternal distress. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 16(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00458-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fancourt, D., Steptoe, A., & Bu, F. (2021). Trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms during enforced isolation due to COVID-19 in England: A longitudinal observational study. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 8(2), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30482-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Minor, B. L., Elliott, V., Fernandez, M., O’Neal, L., McLeod, L., Delacqua, G., Delacqua, F., Kirby, J., & Duda, S. N. (2019). The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 95, 103208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haucke, M., Golde, S., Saft, S., Hellweg, R., Liu, S., & Heinzel, S. (2022). The effects of momentary loneliness and COVID-19 stressors on hypothalamic–pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis functioning: A lockdown stage changes the association between loneliness and salivary cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 105894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard, D. M., Adams, M. J., Clarke, T.-K., Hafferty, J. D., Gibson, J., Shirali, M., Coleman, J. R. I., Hagenaars, S. P., Ward, J., Wigmore, E. M., Alloza, C., Shen, X., Barbu, M. C., Xu, E. Y., Whalley, H. C., Marioni, R. E., Porteous, D. J., Davies, G., Deary, I. J., … McIntosh, A. M. (2019). Genome-wide meta-analysis of depression identifies 102 independent variants and highlights the importance of the prefrontal brain regions. Nature Neuroscience, 22(3), 343–352. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0326-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jopling, E., Rnic, K., Tracy, A., & LeMoult, J. (2021). Impact of loneliness on diurnal cortisol in youth. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 132, 105345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudielka, B. M., Hellhammer, D. H., & Wüst, S. (2009). Why do we respond so differently? Reviewing determinants of human salivary cortisol responses to challenge. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(1), 2–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwong, A. S. F., Morris, T. T., Pearson, R. M., Timpson, N. J., Rice, F., Stergiakouli, E., & Tilling, K. (2021). Polygenic risk for depression, anxiety and neuroticism are associated with the severity and rate of change in depressive symptoms across adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 62(12), 1462–1474. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, R., & Diener, E. (1992). Review of Personality and Social Psychology, No. 13. Emotion.
   Google Scholar
• Levinson, D. F. (2006). The genetics of depression: A review. Biological Psychiatry, 60(2), 84–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masten, A. S., & Motti-Stefanidi, F. (2020). Multisystem resilience for children and youth in disaster: Reflections in the context of COVID-19. Adversity and Resilience Science, 1(2), 95–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42844-020-00010-w
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McIntosh, A. M., Sullivan, P. F., & Lewis, C. M. (2019). Uncovering the genetic architecture of major depression. Neuron, 102(1), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meesters, Y., & Gordijn, M. (2016). Seasonal affective disorder, winter type: Current insights and treatment options. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 9, 317–327. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S114906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merikangas, K., Milham, M., & Stringaris, A. (2020). The CoRonavIrus Health Impact Survey (CRISIS). Retrieved November 17, 2021 from http://www.crisissurvey.org/download/
   Google Scholar
• Nikolaidis, A., Paksarian, D., Alexander, L., Derosa, J., Dunn, J., Nielson, D. M., Droney, I., Kang, M., Douka, I., Bromet, E., Milham, M., Stringaris, A., & Merikangas, K. R. (2021). The Coronavirus Health and Impact Survey (CRISIS) reveals reproducible correlates of pandemic-related mood states across the Atlantic. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 8139. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87270-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor, D. B., Thayer, J. F., & Vedhara, K. (2021). Stress and health: A review of psychobiological processes. Annual Review of Psychology, 72(1), 663–688. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-062520-122331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okbay, A., Baselmans, B. M., De Neve, J. E., Turley, P., Nivard, M. G., Fontana, M. A., Meddens, S. F., Linnér, R. K., Rietveld, C. A., Derringer, J., Gratten, J., Lee, J. J., Liu, J. Z., de Vlaming, R., Ahluwalia, T. S., Buchwald, J., Cavadino, A., Frazier-Wood, A. C., Furlotte, N. A., … Cesarini, D. (2016). Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses. Nature Genetics, 48(6), 624–633. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, N. B., Donzella, B., Troy, M. F., & Barnes, A. J. (2022). Mother and child hair cortisol during the COVID-19 pandemic: Associations among physiological stress, pandemic-related behaviors, and child emotional-behavioral health. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 137, 105656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner, J., Russell, J. A., & Peterson, B. S. (2005). The circumplex model of affect: An integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 17(3), 715–734. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579405050340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Provenzi, L., Grumi, S., Altieri, L., Bensi, G., Bertazzoli, E., Biasucci, G., Cavallini, A., Decembrino, L., Falcone, R., Freddi, A., Gardella, B., Giacchero, R., Giorda, R., Grossi, E., Guerini, P., Magnani, M. L., Martelli, P., Motta, M., Nacinovich, R., … Borgatti, R. (2023). Prenatal maternal stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and infant regulatory capacity at 3 months: A longitudinal study. Development and Psychopathology, 35(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421000766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pruessner, J. C., Kirschbaum, C., Meinlschmid, G., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2003). Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28(7), 916–931. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00108-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Racine, N., Hetherington, E., McArthur, B. A., McDonald, S., Edwards, S., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. (2021). Maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: A longitudinal analysis. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 8(5), 405–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00074-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravens-Sieberer, U., Kaman, A., Otto, C., Adedeji, A., Devine, J., Erhart, M., Napp, A. K., Becker, M., Blanck-Stellmacher, U., Löffler, C., Schlack, R., & Hurrelmann, K. (2020). Mental health and quality of life in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic-results of the Copsy Study. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 117(48), 828–829. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2020.0828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raw, J. A. L., Waite, P., Pearcey, S., Shum, A., Patalay, P., & Creswell, C. (2021). Examining changes in parent-reported child and adolescent mental health throughout the UK’s first COVID-19 national lockdown. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 62(12), 1391–1401. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ripke, S., Neale, B. M., Corvin, A., Walters, J. T., Farh, K.-H., Holmans, P. A., Lee, P., Bulik-Sullivan, B., Collier, D. A., & Huang, H. (2014). Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature, 511(7510), 421–427. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, E., Sutin, A. R., Daly, M., & Jones, A. (2022). A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies comparing mental health before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Journal of Affective Disorders, 296, 567–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, B. S., Hutchison, M., Tambling, R., Tomkunas, A. J., & Horton, A. L. (2020). Initial challenges of caregiving during COVID-19: Caregiver burden, mental health, and the parent-child relationship. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 51(5), 671–682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01037-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Send, T. S., Bardtke, S., Gilles, M., Wolf, I. A. C., Sütterlin, M. W., Kirschbaum, C., Laucht, M., Witt, S. H., Rietschel, M., Streit, F., & Deuschle, M. (2019). Stress reactivity in preschool-aged children: Evaluation of a social stress paradigm and investigation of the impact of prenatal maternal stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 101, 223–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Send, T. S., Bardtke, S., Gilles, M., Wolf, I. A. C., Sütterlin, M. W., Wudy, S. A., Wang, R., Laucht, M., Witt, S. H., Rietschel, M., Streit, F., & Deuschle, M. (2019). Prenatal maternal stress is associated with lower cortisol and cortisone levels in the first morning urine of 45-month-old children. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 103, 219–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Send, T. S., Gilles, M., Codd, V., Wolf, I., Bardtke, S., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Frank, J., Schendel, D., Sütterlin, M. W., Denniff, M., Laucht, M., Samani, N. J., Deuschle, M., Rietschel, M., & Witt, S. H. (2017). Telomere length in newborns is related to maternal stress during pregnancy. Neuropsychopharmacology , 42(12), 2407–2413. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Pastore, M., & Fasolo, M. (2020). Parents’ stress and children’s psychological problems in families facing the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1713. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, S., Armstrong, L. L., Bradford, Y., Carlson, C. S., Crawford, D. C., Crenshaw, A. T., de Andrade, M., Doheny, K. F., Haines, J. L., Hayes, G., Jarvik, G., Jiang, L., Kullo, I. J., Li, R., Ling, H., Manolio, T. A., Matsumoto, M., McCarty, C. A., McDavid, A. N., … Ritchie, M. D. (2011). Quality control procedures for genome-wide association studies. Current Protocols in Human Genetics, 68(1), 1.19.11–11.19.18. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142905.hg0119s68
   Google Scholar
• van den Bergh, B. R. H., van den Heuvel, M. I., Lahti, M., Braeken, M., de Rooij, S. R., Entringer, S., Hoyer, D., Roseboom, T., Räikkönen, K., King, S., & Schwab, M. (2020). Prenatal developmental origins of behavior and mental health: The influence of maternal stress in pregnancy. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 117, 26–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wray, N. R., Lee, S. H., Mehta, D., Vinkhuyzen, A. A., Dudbridge, F., & Middeldorp, C. M. (2014). Research review: Polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 55(10), 1068–1087. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar