Stimulated release of tissue plasminogen activator from artery wall sympathetic nerves: Implications for stress-associated wall damage

References

• Albrechtsen OK. 1959. Fibrinolytic activity in the organism. Acta Physiol Scand 47(Suppl. 165).
   Google Scholar
• Astrupt, Permin PM. 1947. Fibrinolysis in the animal organism. Nature 159:681–683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bashkov GV, Sergeev C, Medvedeva NA. 1993. Role of sympathetic cholinergic pathway in the neurogenous control of tissue-type plasminogen activator release into the blood. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 4:993–998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggs R, MacFarlane R, Pilling J. 1947. Observation on fibrinolysis experimental activity produced by exercise or adrenaline. Lancet i:402–405.
   Google Scholar
• Blinc A, Fras Z, Stegnar M, Keber D. 1999. Research in fibrinolysis and proteolysis is focusing on extracellular matrix degradation and vascular biology. Fibrinolysis Proteolysis 13:47–48.
   Google Scholar
• Bobik A, Trachuk V. 2003. Metalloproteinases and plasminogen activators in vessel remodeling. Curr Hypertens Rep 5:466–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnstock G. 1975. Innervation of vascular smooth muscle: Histochemistry and electron microscopy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2(Suppl.):7–20.
   Google Scholar
• Egan B, Paris R, Hinderliter A, Schork N, Julius S. 1987. Mechanism of increased alpha adrenergic vasoconstriction in human essential hypertension. J Clin Investig 80:812–817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ven den Eijnden-Schrauwen Y, Kooistra T, de Vries REM, Emeis JJ. 1995. Studies on the acute release of tissue plasminogen activator from human endotheial cells in vitro and in rats in vivo; evidence for a dynamic storagepool. Blood 85:3510–3517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenhofer G, Lambie DG, Johnson RH. 1985. b-adrenoceptor responsiveness and plasma catecholamines as determinants of cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress. Clin Sci 69: 483–492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emeis JJ, van den Eijnden-Schrauwen KT. 1996. Tissue-type plasminogen activator and the vessel wall: Synthesis, storage and sercretion. In: Hinsberg VMN, editor. Vascular Control of Haemostasis. Newark, NJ: Gordon and Breach Inc. p 187–206.
   Google Scholar
• Floras J, Vann Jones J, Osman Hassan M, et al. 1986. Failure of plasma norephinephrine to consistently reflect sympathetic activity in humans. Hypertension 8:641–649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkow B, DiBona GF, Hjemdahl P, Toren PH, Walling BG. 1983. Measurements of plasma norepinephrine concentrations in human primary hypertension. A word of caution on their applicability for assessing neurogenic contributions. Hypertension 5:399–403.
   Google Scholar
• Galis ZS. 1999. Metalloproteases in remodeling of vascular extracellular matrix. Fibrinolysis 13:54–65.
   Google Scholar
• Gerin W, Pickering TG, Glynn L, Christenfeld N, Schwa Carroll D, Davidson K. 2000. An historical context for behavior models of hypertension. J Psychosom Res 48:369–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gualandris A, Jones TE, Strickland S, Tsirka SE. 1996. Membrane depolarization induces calcium-dependent secretion of tissue plasminogen activator. J Neurosci 16:2220–2225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman BB, Lefkowitz RJ, Taylor P. 1996. Neurotransmission: The autonomic and somatic motor nervous systems. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, editors. Goodman and Gilman’s, the pharmacological basis of theraputics. New York: Mc Graw Hill. p 105–140.
   Google Scholar
• Jern C, Selin L, Jern S. 1994. In vivo release of tissue-type plasminogen activator across the human forearm during mental stress. Thromb Haemost 72:285–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang X, Wang Y, Hand AR, Gillies C, Cone RE, O’Rourke J. 2000. Presence of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in the adventitial sympathetic nerves that innervate small arteries: Morphologic evidence for a neural fibrinolysis. Fibrinolysis Proteolysis 14:35–46.
   Google Scholar
• Jiang X,Wang Y, Hand AR, Gillies C, Cone RE, Kirk J, O’Rourke J. 2002. Storage and release of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) by sympathetic axons in resistance vessel walls. Microvasc Res 64:438–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang X, Han AR, Shen S, Cone RE, O’Rourke J. 2003. Enhanced tissue plasminogen activator sympathetic by the sympathetic neurons that innervate ageing vessels. J Neurosci Res 71:567–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovin IS, Muller-Berghaus G. 2004. Interrelationships between the fibrinolytic system and lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of cornary atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 174:225–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamarck TW, Lovallo WR. 2003. Cardiovascular reactivity to psychological challenge: Conceptual and measurement considerations. Psychosom Med 65:9–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristensen P, Hougaard DM, Nielsen LS, Dano K. 1986. Tissuetype plasminogen activator in rat adrenal medulla. Histochemistry 85:431–436.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lijnen HR. 2000. Molecular interactions between the plasminogen/ plasmin and matrix metalloproteinase systems. Fibrinolysis Proteolysis 14:175–181.
   Google Scholar
• Lochner JE, Kingma M, Kuhn S. 1985. Real-time imaging of the axonal transport of granules containing a tissue plasminogen activator/green fluorescent protein hybrid. Mol Biol Cell 9:2463–2476.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovallo WR, Gerin W. 2003. Psychophysiological reactivity: Mechanisms and pathways to cardiovascular disease. Psychosom Med 65:36–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luff SE. 1991. The ultrastructure of arterioles. In: Bevan JA, Halpern W, Mulvany MJ, editors. The resistance vasculature. Towata NJ: Humana Press. p 93–113.
   Google Scholar
• Mancia G, Ferrari A, Gregorini L, et al. 1983. Plasma catecholamines do not invariably reflect sympathetically induced changes in blood pressure in man. Clin Sci 65:227–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mole RH. 1948. Fibrinolysis and the fluidity of the blood postmortem. J Pathol Bacteriol 360:413–427.
   Google Scholar
• Pamer RJ, Mahata M, Mahata S, Sebald MT, O’Connor DT, Miles LA. 1997. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is targeted to the regulated secretory pathway: Catecholamine storage vesicles as a reservoir for the rapid release of t-PA. J Biol Chem 272:1976–1982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pawlak R, Magarinos AM, Melchor J, Mc Ewan B, Strictland S. 2003. Tissue plasminogen activator in the amygdala is critical for stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. Nat Neurosci 6:168–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng T, Jiang X, Wang Y, Hand AR, Gillies C, Cone RE, O’Rourke J. 1991. Sympathectomy decreases and adrenergic stimulation increases the release of tissue plasminogen activator from blood vessels. J Neurosci Res 56:680–692.
   Google Scholar
• Pepper MS. 2001. Role of the matrix metalloproteinase and plasminogen activator-plasmin systems in angiogenesis. Atheroscler Thromb Vasc Biol 21:1104–1117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering TG, Gerin W. 1990. Cardiovascular reactivity in the laboratory and the role of behavioral factors in hypertension: A critical review. Ann Behav Med 12:3–16.
   Google Scholar
• Pittman R, Buettner HM. 1989. Degradation of extracellular matrix by neuronal proteases. Dev Neurosci 11:361–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrauwen Y, de Vris REM, Kooistra T. 1994. Acute release of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) from the endothelium. Fibrinolysis 8:8–12.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz AR, Gerin W, Davidson KW, Pickering TG, Brosschot, et al. 2003. Toward a causal model of cardiovascular responses to stress and the development of cardiovascular disease. Psychosom Med 65:22–35.
   Google Scholar
• Shen S, Jiang X, Cone RE, O’Rourke J. 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Nicotine intensifies choroidal plasminogenesis and matrix destruction. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44, ARVO e-abstract 1618 online http:/// www.iovs.org 2003. Sherry S, Lindenmeyer R, Fletcher AP, Alkjaersig N. 1959. Studies on enhanced fibrinolytic activity in man. J Clin Investig 38:810–822.
   Google Scholar
• Stein CM, Brown N, et al. 1998. Regulation of local tissue-type plasminogen activator. J Am Coll Cardiol 32:117–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syrovets T, Simmet T. 2004. Novel aspects and new roles for the serine protease plasmin. Cell Mol Sci 61:873–885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treiber FA, Kamarck T, Schneiderman N, Sheffield D, Kapuku G, Taylor T. 2003. Cardiovascular reactivity and development of preclinical and clinical disease states. Psychsom Med 65:46–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hinsbergh VWM. 1988. Synthesis and secretion of tissue plasmnogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor by endothelial cells. In: Kluft C, editor. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA): Physiologicaland clinical aspects. Vol. 2. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p 3–20.
   Google Scholar
• Van Hinsbergh ZWM, Kooistra, et al. 1991. Regulation of plasminogen activator production by endothelial cells: Role in fibrinolysis and local proteolysis. Int J Radiat Biol 60:261–272.
   Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Gillies C, Cone RE, O’Rourke J. 1995. Extravascular secretion of t-PA by the intact superfused choroid. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 36:1625–1632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Hand AR, Gillies C, Grunnet M, Cone RE, O’Rourke J. 1997. Morphologic evidence for a preferential storage of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in perivascular axons of the rat uvea. Exp Eye Res 65:105–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Hand AR,Wang YH, Mina M, Gillies C, Peng T, Cone RE, O’Rourke J. 1998. Functional and morphologic evidence of the presence of tissue-plasminogen activator in vascular nerves: Implications for a neurologic control of vessel wall fibrinolysis and rigidity. J Neurosci Res 53:443–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Gillies C, Cone RE, O’Rourke J. 2002. Additional evidence that the sympathetic nervous system regulates the vessel wall release of tissue plasminogen activator. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 13:471–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weidman P, Beretta-Piccoli C, Link L, et al. 1983. Cardiovascular counterregulation during sympathetic inhibition in normal subjects and patients with mild hypertension. Hypertension 5:873–880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar