Loneliness, social support and cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stress

References

• Allen K, Blascovich J, Mendes WB. Cardiovascular reactivity and the presence of pets, friends, and spouses: The truth about cats and dogs. Psychosom Med 2002; 64: 727–739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonucci TC, Ernest HJ. Conceptualization and methods in social support theory and research as related to cardiovascular disease. Social support and cardiovascular disease, SA Shumaker, SM Czajkowski. Plenum Press, New York 1994; 21–39
   Google Scholar
• Asendorpf JB, Mucke D. Double dissociation between implicit and explicit personality self-concept: The case of shy behavior. J Pers Soc Psychol 2002; 83: 380–393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrera M, Jr. A method for the assessment of social support networks in community survey research. Connections 1980; 3: 8–13
   Google Scholar
• Barrera M, Jr., Balls P. Assessing social support as a prevention resource: An illustrative study. Prev Hum Serv 1983; 2: 59–74
   Google Scholar
• Berkman LF, Glass T, Brissette I, Seeman TE. From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Soc Sci Med 2000; 51: 843–857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borys S, Perlman D, Goldenberg S. Gender differences in loneliness. 1985; 11: 63–74
   Google Scholar
• Boyce TW, Chesterman E. Life events, social support, and cardiovascular reactivity in adolescence. Dev Behav Pediat 1990; 11: 105–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns JW. Interactive effects of traits, states, and gender on cardiovascular reactivity during different situations. J Behav Med 1995; 18: 279–303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cacioppo JT, Ernst JM, Burleson MH, McClintock MK, Malarkey WB, Hawkley LC, et al. Lonely traits and concomitant physiological processes: The MacArthur social neuroscience studies. Int J Psychophysiol 2000; 35: 143–154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cacioppo JT, Hawkley LC, Crawford LE, Ernst JM, Burleson MH, Kowalewski RB, et al. Loneliness and health: Potential mechanisms. Psychosom Med 2002; 64: 407–417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr M, Schellenbach C. Reflective monitoring in lonely adolescents. Adolescence 1993; 28: 737–747
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christenfeld N, Gerin W. Social support and cardiovascular reactivity. Biomed Pharmacother 2000; 54: 251–257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christenfeld N, Gerin W, Linden W, Sanders M, Mathur J, Deich JD, et al. Social support effects on cardiovascular reactivity: Is a stranger as effective as a friend?. Psychosom Med 1997; 59: 388–398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Wills TA. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull 1985; 98: 310–335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig FW, Deichert NT. Can male-provided social support buffer the cardiovascular responsivity to stress in men? It depends on the nature of the support provided. International J Men's Health 2002; 1: 105–118
   Google Scholar
• Craig FW, Lynch JJ, Quartner JL. The perception of available social support is related to reduced cardiovascular reactivity in phase II cardiac rehabilitation patients. Integr Physiol Behav Sci 2000; 35: 272–283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutrona CE, Peplau LA. A longitudinal study of loneliness. Paper presented at the UCLA Conference held in May, Los Angeles 1979
   Google Scholar
• de Jong-Gierveld J. Developing and testing a model of loneliness. J Pers Soc Psychol 1987; 53: 119–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickens CM, McGowan L, Percival C, Douglas J, Tomenson B, Cotter L, et al. Lack of a close confidant, but not depression, predicts further cardiac events after myocardial infarction. Heart 2005; 90: 518–522
   Google Scholar
• Domes G, Heinrichs M, Reichwald U, Hautzinger M. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to psychological stress and memory in middle-aged women: High responders exhibit enhanced declarative memory performance. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2002; 27: 843–853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egloff B, Schmukle SC. Predictive validity of an implicit association test for assessing anxiety. J Pers Soc Psychol 2002; 83: 1441–1455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egloff B, Wilhelm FH, Neubauer DH, Mauss IB, Gross JJ. Implicit anxiety measure predicts cardiovascular reactivity to an evaluated speaking task. Emotion 2002; 2: 3–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans JStBT. In two minds: Dual-process accounts of reasoning. Trends Cogn Sci 2003; 7: 454–459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everson-Rose SA, Lewis TT. Psychological factors and cardiovascular diseases. Annu Rev Public Health 2005; 26: 469–500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazio RH, Olson MA. Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and use. Annu Rev Psychol 2003; 54: 297–327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontana AM, Diegman T, Villeneuve A, Lepore SJ. Nonevaluative social support reduces cardiovascular reactivity in young women during acutely stressful performance situations. J Behav Med 1999; 22: 75–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerin W, Milner D, Chawla S, Pickering TG. Social support as moderator of cardiovascular reactivity in women: A test of the direct effects and buffering hypotheses. Psychosom Med 1995; 57: 16–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gidron Y, Danzinger S, Gurski E, Heldman E, Gurman G. Cognitive correlates of burnout and cortisol levels in anesthetists. 2005, Tel-Aviv. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of Anesthesiology held in September.
   Google Scholar
• Greenwald AG, Farnham SD. Using the implicit association test to measure self-esteem and self-concept. J Pers Soc Psychol 2000; 79: 1022–1038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwald AG, McGhee DE, Schwartz JLK. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. J Pers Soc Psychol 1998; 74: 1464–1480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwald AG, Nosek BA, Banaji MR. Understanding and using the implicit association test: 1. An improved scoring algorithm. J Pers Soc Psychol 2003; 85: 197–216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann W, Gawronski B, Gschwendner T, Le H, Schmitt M. A meta-analysis on the correlation between the implicit association test and explicit self-report measures. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2005; 31: 1369–1385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtgraves T. Social desirability and self-reports: Testing models of socially desirable responding. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2004; 30: 161–172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jirka J, Schuett S, Foxall MJ. Loneliness and social support in infertile couples. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1996; 25: 55–60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kamarck TW, Manuck SB, Jennings JR. Social support reduces cardiovascular reactivity to psychological challenge: A laboratory model. Psychosom Med 1990; 52: 42–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlin WA, Brondolo E, Schwartz J. Workplace social support and ambulatory cardiovascular activity in New York city traffic agents. Psychosom Med 2003; 65: 167–176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim O. Mediation effect of social support between ethnic attachment and loneliness in older Korean immigrants. Res Nurs Health 1999; 22: 169–175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim O, Baik S. Loneliness, social support and family function among elderly Korean women. Paper presented at the Symposium on Health Care for the Elderly, Ewha Women's University, Seoul, Korea 2002, June
   Google Scholar
• Kirschbaum C, Pirke KM, Hellhammer DH. The ‘trier social stress test’—a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology 1993; 28: 76–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox SS. Perception of social support and blood pressure in young men. Percept Mot Skills 1993; 77: 132–134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox SS, Uvnas-Moberg K. Social isolation and cardiovascular disease: An atherosclerotic pathway?. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1998; 23: 877–890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krantz DS, Manuck SB. Acute physiologic reactivity and risk of cardiovascular disease: A review and methodologic critique. Psychol Bull 1984; 96: 435–464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary MR. A brief version of the fear of negative evaluation scale. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 1983; 9: 371–375
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepore SJ, Mata Allen KA, Evans GW. Social support lowers cardiovascular reactivity to an acute stressor. Psychosom Med 1993; 55: 518–524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linden W, Chambers L, Maurice J, Lenz JW. Sex differences in social support, self-deception, hostility, and ambulatory cardiovascular activity. Health Psychol 1993; 12: 376–380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupien SJ, Gaudreau S, Tchiteya BM, Maheu F, Sharma S, Nair NPV, et al. Stress-induced declarative memory impairment in healthy elderly subjects: Relationship to cortisol reactivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 2070–2075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch JJ. The broken heart: The medical consequences of loneliness. Basic Books, New York 1977
   Google Scholar
• Manuck SB. Cardiovascular reactivity in cardiovascular disease: ‘once more unto the breach’. Int J Behav Med 1994; 1: 4–31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Markovitz JH, Matthews KA. Platelets and coronary heart disease—potential psychophysiological mechanisms. Psychosom Med 1991; 53: 643–668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menotti A, Giampaoli S. A single risk factor measurement predicts 35-year mortality from cardiovascular disease. G Ital Cardiol 1998; 28: 1354–1362
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nosek BA. Moderators of the relationship between implicit and explicit evaluation. J Exp Psychol (General) 2005; 134: 565–584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nosek BA, Banaji MR, Greenwald AG. Harvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration website. Group Dynamics 2002; 6: 101–115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelps EA, O'Connor KJ, Cunningham WA, Funayama ES, Gatenby JC, Gore JC, et al. Performance on indirect measures of race evaluation predicts amygdale activation. J Cogn Neurosci 2000; 12: 729–738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poehlman TA, Uhlmann E, Greenwald AG, Banaji MR. Understanding and using the implicit association test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Manuscript submitted for publication. 2005
   Google Scholar
• Roy MP, Steptoe A, Kirschbaum C. Life events and social support as moderators of individual differences in cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity. J Pers Soc Psychol 1998; 75: 1273–1281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozanski A, Blumenthal JA, Kaplan J. Impact of psychological factors on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and implications for therapy. Circulations 1999; 99: 2192–2217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell DW. UCLA loneliness scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. J Pers Assess 1996; 66: 20–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarason IG, Sarason BR, Shearin EN. Social support as an individual difference variable: Its stability, origins, and relational aspects. J Pers Soc Psychol 1986; 50: 845–855
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheffield D, Carroll D. Social support and cardiovascular reactions to active laboratory stressors. Psychol Health 1995; 9: 305–316
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorkin D, Rook KS, Lu JL. Loneliness, lack of emotional support, lack of companionship, and the likelihood of having a heart condition in an elderly sample. Ann Behav Med 2002; 24: 290–298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steptoe A, Owen N, Kunz-Ebrecht SR, Brydon L. Loneliness and neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and inflammatory stress responses in middle-aged men and women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2004; 29: 593–611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thesaurus.com. Retrieved December 15, from < http://www.thesaurus.reference.com>
   Google Scholar
• Treiber FA, Kamarck T, Schneiderman N, Sheffield D, Kapuku G, Taylor T. Cardiovascular reactivity and development of preclinical and clinical disease states. Psychosom Med 2003; 65: 46–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchino BN, Garvey TS. The availability of social support reduces cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress. J Behav Med 1997; 20: 15–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchino BN, Holt-Lunstad J, Uno d, Flinders JB. Heterogeneity in the social networks of young and older adults: Prediction of mental health and cardiovascular reactivity during acute stress. J Behav Med 2001; 24: 361–382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchino BN, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Cacioppo JT. Age-related changes in cardiovascular response as a function of a chronic stressor and social support. J Pers Soc Psychol 1992; 63: 839–846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uno D, Uchino BN, Smith TW. Relationship quality moderates the effect of social support given by close friends on cardiovascular reactivity in women. Int J Behav Med 2002; 9: 243–262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar