References
- Anderson FC, Pandy MG. 2001a. Dynamic optimization of human walking. J Biomed Eng. 123:381–390.
- Anderson FC, Pandy MG. 2001b. Static and dynamic optimization solutions for gait are practically equivalent. J Biomech. 34(2):153–161. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00155-X.
- Andersen MS, Damsgaard M, Rasmussen J. 2009. Kinematic analysis of over-determinate biomechanical systems. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. 12(4):371–384. doi:10.1080/10255840802459412.
- Arnold AS, Anderson FC, Pandy MG, Delp SL. 2005. Muscular contributions to hip and knee extension during the single limb stance phase of normal gait: a framework for investigating the causes of crouch gait. J Biomech. 38(11):2181–2189. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.09.036.
- Buchanan TS, Lloyd DG, Manal K, Besier TF. 2004. Neuromusculoskeletal modeling: estimation of muscle forces and joint moments and movements from measurements of neural command. J Appl Biomech. 20:367–395.
- Colacino FM, Emiliano R, Mace BR. 2012. Subject-specific musculoskeletal parameters of wrist flexors and extensors estimated by an EMG-driven musculoskeletal model. Med Eng Phys. 34(5):531–540. doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2011.08.012.
- Crago PE, Peckham PH, Thrope GB. 1980. Modulation of muscle force by recruitment during intramuscular stimulation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. BME-27(12):679–684. doi:10.1109/TBME.1980.326592.
- Craig JJ. 1989. Introduction to robotics: mechanics and control. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Addison-Wesley.
- Crowninshield RD, Brand RA. 1981. A physiologically based criterion of muscle force prediction in locomotion. J Biomech. 14(11):793–801. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(81)90035-X.
- Curtis N, Kupczik K, O'Higgins P, Moazen M, Fagan MJ. 2008. Predicting skull loading: applying multibody dynamics analysis to a Macaque skull. Anat Rec. 291(5):491–501. doi:10.1002/ar.20689.
- Davy DT, Audu ML. 1987. A dynamic optimization technique for predicting muscle forces in the swing phase of gait. J Biomech. 20(2):187–201. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(87)90310-1.
- Delp SL, Loan JP, Hoy MG, Zajac FE, Topp EL, Rosen JM. 1990. An interactive graphics-based model of the lower extremity to study orthopaedic surgical procedures. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 37(8):757–767. doi:10.1109/10.102791.
- De Sapio V. 2007. Task-level strategies for constrained motion control and human motion synthesis. Stanford (CA): Stanford University.
- Erdemir A, McLean S, Herzog W, Van Den Bogert AJ. 2007. Model-based estimation of muscle forces exerted during movements. Clin Biomech. 22(2):131–154. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.09.005.
- Fleming BC, Beynnon BD. 2004. In vivo measurement of ligament/tendon strains and forces: a review. Ann Biomed Eng. 32(3):318–328. doi:10.1023/B:ABME.0000017542.75080.86.
- Fraysse F, Dumas R, Cheze L, Wang X. 2009. Comparison of global and joint-to-joint methods for estimating the hip joint load and the muscle forces during walking. J Biomech. 42(14):2357–2362. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.06.056.
- Gonzalez RV. 1994. A computational musculoskeletal model of the human elbow and forearm in the analysis of ballistic movements. [Ph.D. thesis]. Austin (TX): The University of Texas at Austin; p. 44–45.
- Gudarzi M, Ehsani H, Rostami M, et al. 2011. Deriving a closed form of equations of motion of musculoskeletal system of human body: using Lagrangian dynamics. In: 18th Iranian conference on biomedical engineering; 14–16 December 2011; Tehran, Iran: IEEE; p. 209–214.
- Halloran JP, Erdemir A, van den Bogert AJ. 2009. Adaptive surrogate modeling for efficient coupling of musculoskeletal control and tissue deformation models. J Biomed Eng. 131(1):1–7.
- Holzbaur KRS. 2005. Upper limb biomechanics: musculoskeletal modeling, surgical simulation and scaling of muscle size and strength. [Ph.D thesis]. Stanford (CA): Stanford University; p. 107–160.
- Jordan MI, Rumelhart DE. 1992. Forward models: supervised learning with a distal teacher. Cogn Sci. 16(3):307–354. doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1603_1.
- Kaplan ML, Heegaard JH. 2001. Predictive algorithms for neuromuscular control of human locomotion. J Biomech. 34(8):1077–1083. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00057-4.
- Karniel A, Inbar GF. 2000. Human motor control: learning to control a time-varying, nonlinear, many-to-one system. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part C Appl Rev. 30(1):1–11. doi:10.1109/5326.827449.
- Martelli S, Calvetti D, Somersalo E, Viceconti M, Taddei F. 2013. Computational tools for calculating alternative muscle force patterns during motion: a comparison of possible solutions. J Biomech. 46(12):2097–2100. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.05.023.
- McKay JL, Ting LH. 2012. Optimization of muscle activity for task-level goals predicts complex changes in limb forces across biomechanical contexts. PLoS Comput Biol. 8(4):1–17. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002465.
- Menegaldo LL, Fleury AT, Weber HI. 2006. A ‘cheap’ optimal control approach to estimate muscle forces in musculoskeletal systems. J Biomech. 39(10):1787–1795. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.05.029.
- Mittal RK, Nagrath IJ. 2003. Robotics and control. Delhi: Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company.
- Moazen M, Curtis N, Evans SE, O’Higgins P, Fagan MJ. 2008. Rigid-body analysis of a lizard skull: modelling the skull of Uromastyx hardwickii. J Biomech. 41(6):1274–1280. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.01.012.
- Moissenet F, Chèze L, Dumas R. 2012. Potential of the pseudo-inverse method as a constrained static optimization for musculo-tendon forces prediction. J Biomed Eng. 134(6):1–7.
- Neptune RR. 1999. Optimization algorithm performance in determining optimal controls in human movement analyses. J Biomed Eng. 121:249–252.
- Neptune RR, Hull ML. 1998. Evaluation of performance criteria for simulation of submaximal steady-state cycling using a forward dynamic model. J Biomed Eng. 120:334–341.
- Oberhofer K, Stott N, Mithraratne K, Anderson I. 2010. Subject-specific modelling of lower limb muscles in children with cerebral palsy. Clin Biomech. 25(1):88–94. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.09.007.
- Peck CC, Langenbach GEJ, Hannam AG. 2000. Dynamic simulation of muscle and articular properties during human wide jaw opening. Arch Oral Biol. 45(11):963–982. doi:10.1016/S0003-9969(00)00071-6.
- Pedotti A, Krishnan V, Stark L. 1978. Optimization of muscle-force sequencing in human locomotion. Math Biosci. 38(1-2):57–76. doi:10.1016/0025-5564(78)90018-4.
- Piazza SJ, Delp SL. 2001. Three-dimensional dynamic simulation of total knee replacement motion during a step-up task. J Biomed Eng. 123:599–606.
- Riley PO, Kerrigan DC. 1998. Torque action of two-joint muscles in the swing period of stiff-legged gait. J Biomech. 31(9):835–840. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(98)00107-9.
- Seireg A, Arvikar R. 1973. A mathematical model for evaluation of forces in lower extremities of the musculo-skeletal system. J Biomech. 6(3):313–326. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(73)90053-5.
- Sellers WI, Crompton RH. 2004. Using sensitivity analysis to validate the predictions of a biomechanical model of bite forces. Ann Anat. 186(1):89–95. doi:10.1016/S0940-9602(04)80132-8.
- Thelen DG, Anderson FC. 2006. Using computed muscle control to generate forward dynamic simulations of human walking from experimental data. J Biomech. 39(6):1107–1115. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.02.010.
- Thelen DG, Anderson FC, Delp SL. 2003. Generating dynamic simulations of movement using computed muscle control. J Biomech. 36(3):321–328. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(02)00432-3.
- Yamaguchi GT, Moran DW, Si J. 1995. A computationally efficient method for solving the redundant problem in biomechanics. J Biomech. 28(8):999–1005. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(94)00145-T.
- Yamaguchi GT, Zajac FE. 1990. Restoring unassisted natural gait to paraplegics via functional neuromuscular stimulation: a computer simulation study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 37(9):886–902. doi:10.1109/10.58599.
- Zajac FE. 1993. Muscle coordination of movement: a perspective. J Biomech. 26:109–124. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(93)90083-Q.
- Zajac FE. 2002. Understanding muscle coordination of the human leg with dynamical simulations. J Biomech. 35(8):1011–1018. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(02)00046-5.