References
- Baratta R, Solomonow M, Zhou BH, Letson D, Chuinard R, D'Ambrosia R. 1988. Muscular coactivation. The role of the antagonist musculature in maintaining knee stability. Am J Sports Med. 16(2):113–122.
- Brereton LC, McGill SM. 1998. Frequency response of spine extensors during rapid isometric contractions: effects of muscle length and tension. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 8(4):227–232.
- Brookham RL, Dickerson CR. 2014. Empirical quantification of internal and external rotation muscular co-activation ratios in healthy shoulders. Med Biol Eng Comput. 52(3):257–264.
- Brookham RL, Middlebrook EE, Grewal TJ, Dickerson CR. 2011. The utility of an empirically derived co-activation ratio for muscle force prediction through optimization. J Biomech. 44(8):1582–1587.
- Chen TL, Wong DW, Xu Z, Tan Q, Wang Y, Luximon A, Zhang M. 2018. Lower limb muscle co-contraction and joint loading of flip-flops walking in male wearers. PLoS One. 13(3):e0193653.
- Colebatch JG, Govender S. 2018. Axial reflexes are present in older subjects and may contribute to balance responses. Exp Brain Res. 236(4):1031–1039.
- Damiano DL, Martellotta TL, Sullivan DJ, Granata KP, Abel MF. 2000. Muscle force production and functional performance in spastic cerebral palsy: Relationship of cocontraction. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 81(7):895–900.
- Dankaerts W, O’Sullivan PB, Burnett AF, Straker LM, Danneels LA. 2004. Reliability of EMG measurements for trunk muscles during maximal and sub-maximal voluntary isometric contractions in healthy controls and CLBP patients. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 14(3):333–342.
- De Luca CJ, Erim Z. 1994. Common drive of motor units in regulation of muscle force. Trends Neurosci. 17(7):299–305.
- Don R, Ranavolo A, Cacchio A, Serrao M, Costabile F, Iachelli M, Camerota F, Frascarelli M, Santilli V. 2007. Relationship between recovery of calf-muscle biomechanical properties and gait pattern following surgery for achilles tendon rupture. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 22(2):211–220.
- Drake JDM, Callaghan JP. 2006. Elimination of electrocardiogram contamination from electromyogram signals: An evaluation of currently used removal techniques. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 16(2):175–187.
- Duchateau J, Baudry S. 2014. The neural control of coactivation during fatiguing contractions revisited. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 24(6):780–788.
- Falconer K, Winter DA. 1985. Quantitative assessment of co-contraction at the ankle joint in walking. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 25:135–149.
- Frost G, Dowling J, Dyson K, Bar-Or O. 1997. Cocontraction in three age groups of children during treadmill locomotion. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 7(3):179–186.
- Gottschalk F, Kourosh S, Leveau B. 1989. The functional anatomy of tensor fasciae latae and gluteus medius and minimus. J Anat. 166:179–189.
- Hahn D, Herzog W, Schwirtz A. 2014. Interdependence of torque, joint angle, angular velocity and muscle action during human multi-joint leg extension. Eur J Appl Physiol. 114(8):1691–1702.
- Hirokawa S, Solomonow M, Luo Z, Lu Y, D'Ambrosia R. 1991. Muscular co-contraction and control of knee stability. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 1(3):199–208.
- Kellis E, Arabatzi F, Papadopoulos C. 2003. Muscle co-activation around the knee in drop jumping using the co-contraction index. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 13(3):229–238.
- Le P, Aurand A, Walter BA, Best TM, Khan SN, Mendel E, Marras WS. 2018. Development of a lumbar EMG-based coactivation index for the assessment of complex dynamic tasks. Ergonomics. 61(3):381–389.
- Le P, Best TM, Khan SN, Mendel E, Marras WS. 2017. A review of methods to assess coactivation in the spine. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 32:51–60.
- Lewek MD, Rudolph KS, Snyder-Mackler L. 2004. Control of frontal plane knee laxity during gait in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil. 12(9):745–751.
- Mawston GA, McNair PJ, Boocock MG. 2007. The effects of prior warning and lifting-induced fatigue on trunk muscle and postural responses to sudden loading during manual handling. Ergonomics. 50(12):2157–2170.
- Mello RGT, Oliveira LF, Nadal J. 2007. Digital Butterworth filter for subtracting noise from low magnitude surface electromyogram. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 87(1):28–35.
- Mohr M, Lorenzen K, Palacios-Derflingher L, Emery C, Nigg BM. 2018. Reliability of the knee muscle co-contraction index during gait in young adults with and without knee injury history. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 38:17–27.
- Nagai K, Yamada M, Tanaka B, Uemura K, Mori S, Aoyama T, Ichihashi N, Tsuboyama T. 2012. Effects of balance training on muscle coactivation during postural control in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 67(8):882–889.
- Nelson-Wong E, Callaghan JP. 2010. Is muscle co-activation a predisposing factor for low back pain development during standing? A multifactorial approach for early identification of at-risk individuals. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 20(2):256–263.
- Psek JA, Cafarelli E. 1993. Behavior of coactive muscles during fatigue. J Appl Physiol. 74(1):170–175.
- Ranavolo A, Mari S, Conte C, Serrao M, Silvetti A, Iavicoli S, Draicchio F. 2015. A new muscle co-activation index for biomechanical load evaluation in work activities. Ergonomics. 58(6):966–914.
- Reeves NP, Everding VQ, Cholewicki J, Morrisette DC. 2006. The effects of trunk stiffness on postural control during unstable seated balance. Exp Brain Res. 174(4):694–700.
- Rudolph KS, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. 2000. Dynamic stability after ACL injury: who can hop? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 8(5):262–269.
- Sousa ASP, Macedo R, Santos R, Tavares JMRS. 2013. Influence of wearing an unstable shoe construction on compensatory control of posture. Hum Mov Sci. 32(6):1353–1364.
- Tennant LM, Maly MR, Callaghan JP, Acker SM. 2014. Analysis of muscle activation patterns during transitions into and out of high knee flexion postures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 24(5):711–717.
- Tsuang YH, Novak GJ, Schipplein OD, Hafezi A, Trafimow JH, Andersson GBJ. 1993. Trunk muscle geometry and centroid location when twisting. J Biomech. 26(4–5):537–546.
- van Dieën JH, Cholewicki J, Radebold A. 2003. Trunk muscle recruitment patterns in patients with low back pain enhance the stability of the lumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 28(8):834–841.
- Viggiani D, Callaghan JP. 2016. A hip abduction exercise prior to prolonged standing increased movement while reducing cocontraction and low back pain perception in those initially reporting low back pain. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 31:63–71.
- Winter DA, Prince F, Frank JS, Powell C, Zabjek KF. 1996. Unified theory regarding A/P and M/L balance in quiet stance. J Neurophysiol. 75(6):2334–2343.