Comparison of frequency and magnitude of head impacts experienced by Peewee boys and girls in games of youth ice hockey

References

• Agel J, Harvey EJ. 2010. A 7-year review of men's and women's ice hockey injuries in the NCAA. Can J Surg. 53(5):319–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bain AC, Meaney DF. 2000. Tissue-level thresholds for axonal damage in an experimental model of central nervous system white matter injury. J Biomech Eng. 122(6):615–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazarian JJ, Zhu T, Blyth B, Borrino A, Zhong J. 2012. Subject-specific changes in brain white matter on diffusion tensor imaging after sports-related concussion. Magn Reson Imaging. 30(2):171–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brainard LL, Beckwith JG, Chu JJ, Crisco JJ, McAllister TW, Duhaime AC, Maerlender AC, Greenwald RM. 2012. Gender differences in head impacts sustained by collegiate ice hockey players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 44(2):297–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breedlove EL, Robinson M, Talavage TM, Morigaki KE, Yoruk U, O'Keefe K, King J, Leverenz LJ, Gilger JW, Nauman EA, et al. 2012. Biomechanical correlates of symptomatic and asymptomatic neurophysiological impairment in high school football. J Biomech. 45(7):1265–1272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatelin S, Constantinesco A, Willinger R. 2010. Fifty years of brain tissue mechanical testing: from in vitro to in vivo investigations. Biorheology. 47(5–6):255–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W, Post A, Karton C, Gilchrist MD, Robidoux M, Hoshizaki TB. 2020. A comparison of frequency and magnitude of head impacts between Pee Wee and Bantam youth ice hockey. Sport Biomech. 1–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choe MC, Babikian T, DiFiori J, Hovda DA, Giza CC. 2012. A pediatric perspective on concussion pathophysiology. Curr Opin Pediatr. 24(6):689–695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick RW. 2009. Is there a gender difference in concussion incidence and outcomes? Br J Sports Med. 43(Suppl 1):i46–i50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckner JT, O’Connor KL, Broglio SP, Ashton-Miller JA. 2018. Comparison of head impact exposure between male and female high school ice hockey athletes. Am J Sports Med. 46(9):2253–2262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkin BS, Morrison B. 2007. Region-specific tolerance criteria for the living brain. Stapp Car Crash J. 51:127–138.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Emery CA, Meeuwisse WH. 2006. Injury rates, risk factors, and mechanisms of injury in minor hockey. Am J Sports Med. 34(12):1960–1969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forward KE, Seabrook JA, Lynch T, Lim R, Poonai N, Sangha GS. 2014. A comparison of the epidemiology of ice hockey injuries between male and female youth in Canada. Paediatr Child Health. 19(8):418–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fryar CD, Gu Q, Ogden CL. 2012. Anthropometric reference data for children and adults: United States 2007–2010. Vital Health Stat. 11(252):1–48.
   Google Scholar
• Gennarelli TA, Thibault LE, Adams JH, Graham DI, Thompson CJ, Marcincin RP. 1982. Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate. Ann Neurol. 12(6):564–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giza CC, Hovda DA. 2014. The new neurometabolic cascade of concussion. Neurosurgery. 75(Suppl 4):S24–S33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hardy WN, Foster CD, Mason MJ, Yang KH, King AI, Tashman S. 2001. Investigation of head injury mechanisms using neutral density technology and high-speed biplanar X-ray. Stapp Car Crash J. 45:337–368.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horgan TJ, Gilchrist MD. 2003. The creation of three-dimensional finite element models for simulating head impact biomechanics. IJCrash. 8(4):353–366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jadischke R, Viano DC, Dau N, King AI, McCarthy J. 2013. On the accuracy of the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) system used in football helmets. J Biomech. 46(13):2310–2315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karton C, Blaine Hoshizaki T, Gilchrist MD. 2020. A novel repetitive head impact exposure measurement tool differentiates player position in National Football League. Sci Rep. 10(1):1200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karton C, Hoshizaki TB. 2018. Concussive and subconcussive brain trauma: the complexity of impact biomechanics and injury risk in contact sport. Handb Clin Neurol. 158:39–49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kendall M. 2016. Comparison and characterization of different concussive brain injury events. Ottawa: University of Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• Kleiven S. 2007. Predictors for traumatic brain injuries evaluated through accident reconstructions. Stapp Car Crash J. 51:81–114.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koo TK, Li MY. 2016. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med. 15(2):155–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margulies SS, Thibault LE. 1992. A proposed tolerance criterion for diffuse axonal injury in man. J Biomech. 25(8):917–923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mennes M, Jenkinson M, Valabregue R, Buitelaar JK, Beckmann C, Smith S. 2014. Optimizing full-brain coverage in human brain MRI through population distributions of brain size. Neuroimage. 98:513–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahum A, Smith R, Ward C. 1977. Intracranial pressure dynamics during head impact. 21st Stapp Car Crash Conference; New Orleans.
   Google Scholar
• Neselius S, Brisby H, Theodorsson A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Marcusson J. 2012. CSF-biomarkers in Olympic boxing: diagnosis and effects of repetitive head trauma. PLoS One. 7(4):e33606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor KL, Rowson S, Duma SM, Broglio SP. 2017. Head-impact-measurement devices: A systematic review. J Athl Train. 52(3):206–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oeur A. 2018. The effect of reconstructed head impact event parameters on risk of sport related concussion. Ottawa: University of Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• Padgaonkar AJ, Krieger KW, King AI. 1975. Measurement of angular acceleration of a rigid body using linear accelerometers. J Appl Mech. 42(3):552–556.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post A, De Grau S, Ignacy T, Meehan A, Zemek R, Hoshizaki B, Gilchrist MD. 2016. Comparison of helmeted head impact in youth and adult ice hockey. International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact (IRCOBI); September 14–16; Malaga, Spain.
   Google Scholar
• Post A, Hoshizaki TB, Karton C, Clark JM, Dawson L, Cournoyer J, Taylor K, Oeur RA, Gilchrist MD, Cusimano MD, et al. 2019. The biomechanics of concussion for ice hockey head impact events. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. 22(6):631–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post A, Hoshizaki TB. 2015. Rotational acceleration, brain tissue strain, and the relationship to concussion. J Biomech Eng. 137(3):30801.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post A, Karton C, Robidoux M, Gilchrist MD, Hoshizaki TB. 2019. An examination of the brain trauma in Novice and Midget ice hockey: Implications for helmet innovation. The 42nd Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Conference; Ottawa, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Post A, Koncan D, Kendall M, Cournoyer J, Michio Clark J, Kosziwka G, Chen W, de Grau Amezcua S, Blaine Hoshizaki T. 2018. Analysis of speed accuracy using video analysis software. Sports Eng. 21(3):235–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed N, Taha T, Keightley M, Duggan C, McAuliffe J, Cubos J, Baker J, Faught B, McPherson M, Montelpare W, et al. 2010. Measurement of head impacts in youth ice hockey players. Int J Sports Med. 31(11):826–833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robidoux MA, Kendall M, Laflamme Y, Post A, Karton C, Hoshizaki TB. 2020. Comparing concussion rates as reported by Hockey Canada with head contact events as observed across minor ice-hockey age categories. J Concussion. 4:205970022091128.
   Google Scholar
• Roth S, Vappou J, Raul J-S, Willinger R. 2009. Child head injury criteria investigation through numerical simulation of real world trauma. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 93(1):32–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rousseau P, Hoshizaki TB, Gilchrist MD, Post A. 2010. Estimating the influence of neckform compliance on brain tissue strain during a Helmeted impact. Stapp Car Crash J. 54:37–48.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rousseau P, Hoshizaki TB. 2015. Defining the effective impact mass of elbow and shoulder strikes in ice hockey. Sports Biomech. 14(1):57–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahim P, Zetterberg H, Tegner Y, Blennow K. 2017. Serum neurofilament light as a biomarker for mild traumatic brain injury in contact sports. Neurology. 88(19):1788–1794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slobounov SM, Walter A, Breiter HC, Zhu DC, Bai X, Bream T, Seidenberg P, Mao X, Johnson B, Talavage TM, et al. 2017. The effect of repetitive subconcussive collisions on brain integrity in collegiate football players over a single football season: A multi-modal neuroimaging study. Neuroimage: Clinical. 14:708–718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh ES, Kendall M, Post A, Meehan A, Hoshizaki TB. 2018. Comparative analysis of the Hybrid III 50th neckform and an unbiased neckform. Sports Eng. 21(4):479–485.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcox BJ, Beckwith JG, Greenwald RM, Chu JJ, McAllister TW, Flashman LA, Maerlender AC, Duhaime A-C, Crisco JJ. 2014. Head impact exposure in male and female collegiate ice hockey players. J Biomech. 47(1):109–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcox BJ, Machan JT, Beckwith JG, Greenwald RM, Burmeister E, Crisco JJ. 2014. Head-impact mechanisms in men's and women's collegiate ice hockey. J Athl Train. 49(4):514–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zemek R, Barrowman N, Freedman SB, Gravel J, Gagnon I, McGahern C, Aglipay M, Sangha G, Boutis K, Beer D, et al. 2016. Clinical risk score for persistent postconcussion symptoms among children with acute concussion in the ED. JAMA. 315(10):1014–1025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zetterberg H, Hietala MA, Jonsson M, Andreasen N, Styrud E, Karlsson I, Edman A, Popa C, Rasulzada A, Wahlund L-O, et al. 2006. Neurochemical aftermath of amateur boxing. Arch Neurol. 63(9):1277–1280.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang L, Yang KH, King AI. 2004. A proposed injury threshold for mild traumatic brain injury. J Biomech Eng. 126(2):226–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar