Analysis of risk factors in diabetics resulted from polycystic ovary syndrome in women by EDA analysis and machine learning techniques

References

• Antony L, Azam S, Ignatious E, Quadir R, Beeravolu AR, Jonkman M, De Boer F. 2021. A comprehensive unsupervised framework for chronic kidney disease prediction. IEEE Access. 9:126481–126501. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3109168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arora N, Singh A, Al-Dabagh MZN, Maitra SK. 2022. A novel architecture for diabetes patients’ prediction using K-means clustering and SVM. Math Prob Eng. 2022:1–9. doi:10.1155/2022/4815521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashraf S, Nabi M, Rasool S, Rashid F, Amin S. 2019. Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovarian syndrome and role of CYP gene variants: a review. Egypt J Med Hum Genet. 20:25. doi:10.1186/s43042-019-0031-4.
   Google Scholar
• Burghen GA, Givens JR, Kitabchi AE. 1980. Correlation of hyperandrogenism with hyperinsulinism in polycystic ovarian disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 50(1):113–116. doi:10.1210/jcem-50-1-113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui S, Wang Y, Yin Y, Cheng TCE, Wang D, Zhai M. 2021. A cluster-based intelligence ensemble learning method for classification problems. Inf Sci. 560:386–409. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2021.01.061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dadachanji R, Shaikh N, Mukherjee S. 2018. Genetic variants associated with hyperandrogenemia in PCOS pathophysiology. Genet Res Int. 2018:7624912–7624932. doi:10.1155/2018/7624932.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das I. 2020. Polycystic ovary syndrome: dietary approaches to counteract insulin resistance. J Undergrad Life Sci. 14(1):3. doi:10.33137/juls.v14i1.35925.
   Google Scholar
• Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Dunaif A. 2012. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: an update on mechanisms and implications. Endocr Rev. 33(6):981–1030. doi:10.1210/er.2011-1034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geffner ME, Golde DW. 1988. Selective insulin action on skin, ovary, and heart in insulin-resistant states. Diabetes Care. 11(6):500–505. doi:10.2337/diacare.11.6.500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo S, Tal R, Jiang H, Yuan T, Liu Y. 2020. Vitamin D supplementation ameliorates metabolic dysfunction in patients with PCOS: a Systematic Review of RCTs and insight into the underlying mechanism. Int J Endocrinol. 2020:7850816. doi:10.1155/2020/7850816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo X, Xu Y, Sun J, Wang Q, Kong H, Zhong Z. 2022. Exploring the mechanism of Wenshen Huatan Quyu Decoction for PCOS based on network pharmacology and molecular docking verification. Stem Cells Int. 2022:3299091. doi:10.1155/2022/3299091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y, Hu W, Yang G, Guo H, Liu H, Li L. 2020. Adipose insulin resistance and circulating betatrophin levels in women with PCOS. Biomed Res Int. 2020:1253164. doi:10.1155/2020/1253164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman R, Sikonja J, Jensterle M, Janez A, Dolzan V. 2023. Insulin metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome: secretion, signaling, and clearance. Int J Mol Sci. 24(4):3140. doi:10.3390/ijms24043140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong Y, Zhou ZH, Dong Z, Yang DZ. 2023. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome under NIH criteria among the tenth-grade Chinese schoolgirls in Guangzhou area: a cross-sectional epidemiological survey. BMC Womens Health. 23(1):31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joksimovic Jovic J, Sretenovic J, Jovic N, Rudic J, Zivkovic V, Srejovic I, Mihajlovic K, Draginic N, Andjic M, Milinkovic M, et al. 2021. Cardiovascular properties of the androgen-induced PCOS model in rats: the role of oxidative stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021:8862878. doi:10.1155/2021/8862878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Julania S, Walls ML, Hart R. 2018. The Place of In Vitro Maturation in PCO/PCOS. Int J Endocrinol. 2018:5750298–5750298. doi:10.1155/2018/5750298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanna VV, Chadaga K, Sampathila N, Prabhu S, Bhandage V, Hegde GK. 2023. A distinctive explainable machine learning framework for detection of polycystic ovary syndrome. ASI. 6(2):32. doi:10.3390/asi6020032.
   Google Scholar
• Kodipalli A, Devi S. 2021. Prediction of PCOS and mental health using fuzzy inference and SVM. Front Public Health. 9:789569. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.789569.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koteeswaran S, Suganya R, Surianarayanan C, Neeba EA, Suresh A, Chelliah PR, Buhari SM. 2023. A supervised learning approach for the influence of comorbidities in the analysis of COVID-19 mortality in Tamil Nadu. Soft Comput. 1–15. doi:10.1007/s00500-023-08590-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Huang J, Jiang T, Tu L, Cui L, Cui J, Ma X, Yao X, Shi Y, Wang S, et al. 2022. A multi-step approach for tongue image classification in patients with diabetes. Comput Biol Med. 149:105935. doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livadas S, Anagnostis P, Bosdou JK, Bantouna D, Paparodis R. 2022. Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a state-of-the-art review. World J Diabetes. 13(1):5–26. doi:10.4239/wjd.v13.i1.5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lizano P, Lutz O, Xu Y, Rubin LH, Paskowitz L, Lee AM, Eum S, Keedy SK, Hill SK, Reilly JL, et al. 2021. Multivariate relationships between peripheral inflammatory marker subtypes and cognitive and brain structural measures in psychosis. Mol Psychiatry. 26(7):3430–3443. doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00914-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long C, Feng H, Duan W, Chen X, Zhao Y, Lan Y, Yue R. 2022. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 13:980405. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.980405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehedi Hassan M, Mollick S, Yasmin F. 2022. An unsupervised cluster-based feature grouping model for early diabetes detection. Healthcare Analytics. 2(100112):100112. doi:10.1016/j.health.2022.100112.
   Google Scholar
• Nagamani M, Van Dinh T, Kelver ME. 1986. Hyperinsulinemia in hyperthecosis of the ovaries. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 154(2):384–389. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(86)90676-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasim S, Almutairi MS, Munir K, Raza A, Younas F. 2022. A novel approach for polycystic ovary syndrome prediction using machine learning in bioinformatics. IEEE Access. 10:97610–97624. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3205587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisenblat V, Norman RJ. 2009. Androgens and polycystic ovary syndrome. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 16(3):224–231. doi:10.1097/MED.0b013e32832afd4d.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palmer MB, Abedini A, Jackson C, Blady S, Chatterjee S, Sullivan KM, Townsend RR, Brodbeck J, Almaani S, Srivastava A, et al. 2021. The role of glomerular epithelial injury in kidney function decline in patients with diabetic kidney disease in the TRIDENT cohort. Kidney Int Rep. 6(4):1066–1080. doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2021.01.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poretsky L. 1991. On the paradox of insulin-induced hyperandrogenism in insulin-resistant states. Endocr Rev. 12(1):3–13. doi:10.1210/edrv-12-1-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prashanthi B, Sowjanya G. 2020. Clustering techniques in medical analysis using deep representations. Int J Adv SciTechnol. 29(12s):2184–2189. http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/24400
   Google Scholar
• Rodgers RJ, Avery JC, Moore VM, Davies MJ, Azziz R, Stener-Victorin E, Moran LJ, Robertson SA, Stepto NK, Norman RJ, et al. 2019. Complex diseases and co-morbidities: polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Connect. 8(3):R71–R75. doi:10.1530/EC-18-0502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sam S. 2007. Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. Obes Manag. 3(2):69–73. doi:10.1089/obe.2007.0019.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sinha AA, Rajendran S. 2022. A novel two-phase location analytics model for determining operating station locations of emerging air taxi services. Decision Analytics Journal. 2(100013):100013. doi:10.1016/j.dajour.2021.100013.
   Google Scholar
• Sowndarya. 2023. Diabetic-dataset. GitHub. [accessed 2023 Feb 2]. https://github.com/Sowndarya-23/Diabetic-dataset-.
   Google Scholar
• Stridsklev S, Salvesen Ø, Salvesen KÅ, Carlsen SM, Vanky E. 2018. Uterine artery Doppler in pregnancy: women with PCOS compared to healthy controls. Int J Endocrinol. 2018:2604064. doi:10.1155/2018/2604064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun J, Sun JA. 2016. Real-time crash prediction on urban expressways: identification of key variables and a hybrid support vector machine model. IET Intell Transp Syst. 10(5):331–337. doi:10.1049/iet-its.2014.0288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syakur MA, Khotimah BK, Rochman EMS, Satoto BD. 2018. Integration K-means clustering method and elbow method for identification of the best customer profile cluster. IOP Conf Ser: mater Sci Eng. 336:012017. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/336/1/012017.
   Google Scholar
• Thakare AD, Lele PR; Department of Computer Engineering, Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune, India. 2020. Genetic clustering for polycystic ovary syndrome detection in women of reproductive age. IJEAT. 9(3):1356–1361. doi:10.35940/ijeat.C5457.029320.
   Google Scholar
• Uçkan K, Demir H, Turan K, Sarıkaya E, Demir C. 2022. Role of oxidative stress in obese and nonobese PCOS patients. Int J Clin Pract. 2022:4579831. doi:10.1155/2022/4579831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang J, Chen Z. 2018. Traffic state estimation of signalized intersections based on stacked denoising auto-encoder model. Wireless Pers Commun. 103(1):625–638. doi:10.1007/s11277-018-5466-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie Q, Xiong X, Xiao N, He K, Chen M, Peng J, Su X, Mei H, Dai Y, Wei D, et al. 2019. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate DHEA-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by inhibiting inflammation in mice. Stem Cells Int. 2019:9782373. doi:10.1155/2019/9782373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing L, Chen Y, He Z, He M, Sun Y, Xu J, Wang J, Zhuang H, Ren Z, Chen Y, et al. 2022. Acupuncture improves endometrial angiogenesis by activating PI3K/AKT pathway in a rat model with PCOS. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022:1790041. doi:10.1155/2022/1790041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Qiao J. 2022. Association of insulin resistance and elevated androgen levels with the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a review of the literature. J Healthc Eng. 2022:9240569. doi:10.1155/2022/9240569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu K, Wang R-X, Li M-H, Sun T-C, Zhou Y-W, Li Y-Y, Sun L-H, Zhang B-L, Lian Z-X, Xue S-G, et al. 2019. Melatonin reduces androgen production and upregulates heme oxygenase-1 expression in granulosa cells from PCOS patients with hypoestrogenia and hyperandrogenia. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019:8218650. doi:10.1155/2019/8218650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yufeng. 2022. Three performance evaluation metrics of clustering when ground truth labels are not available. Towards Data Science. [accessed 2023 Mar 7]. https://towardsdatascience.com/three-performance-evaluation-metrics-of-clustering-when-ground-truth-labels-are-not-available-ee08cb3ff4fb.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao H, Zhang J, Cheng X, Nie X, He B. 2023. Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome across various tissues: an updated review of pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment. J Ovarian Res. 16(1):9. doi:10.1186/s13048-022-01091-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigarelli A, Jia Z, Lee H. 2022. Machine-aided self-diagnostic prediction models for polycystic ovary syndrome: observational study. JMIR Form Res. 6(3):e29967. doi:10.2196/29967.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar