Liver function assessment with three ¹³C breath tests by two-point measurements

References

• Graham , D. Y. , Klein , P. D. , Evans , D. J. jr. , Evans , D. G. , Alpert , L. C. , Opekun , A. R. and Boutton , T. W. 1987 . Campylobacter pylori Detected Noninvasively by the 13C -Urea Breath Test . Lancet , 1 ( 1174 )
   Google Scholar
• Ohara , S. , Kato , M. , Asaka , M. and Toyota , T. 1998 . The UBiT-100 13CO2 Infrared Analyzer: Comparison between Infrared Spectrometric Analysis and Mass Spectrometric Analysis . Helicobacter , 3 ( 49 )
   Google Scholar
• Ohara , S. , Kato , M. , Asaka , M. and Toyota , T. 1998 . Studies of 13C -Urea Breath Test for Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Japan . J. Gastroenterol. , 33 ( 6 )
   Google Scholar
• Kato , M. , Asaka , M. , Saito , M. , Sekine , H. , Ohara , S. , Toyota , T. , Akamatsu , T. , Kaneko , T. , Kiyosawa , K. , Nishizawa , O. , Kumagai , T. , Katsuyama , T. , Abe , M. , Kosaka , M. , Hariya , S. , Minami , K. , Sanai , Y. , Sawamura , M. and Tachikawa , T. 2000 . Clinical Usefulness of Urine-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibody to Helicobacter pylori: A Collaborative Study in Nine Medical Institutions in Japan . Helicobacter , 5 ( 109 )
   Google Scholar
• Herbarth , O. , Krumbiegel , P. , Fritz , G. J. , Richter , M. , Schlink , U. , Müller , D. M. and Richter , T. 2001 . Helicobacter pylori Prevalences and Risk Factors among School Beginners in a German Urban Center and its Rural County . Environ. Health Perspect. , 109 ( 573 )
   Google Scholar
• Ohara , S. , Kato , M. , Saito , M. , Fukuda , S. , Kato , C. , Hamada , S. , Nagashima , R. , Obara , K. , Suzuki , M. , Honda , H. , Asaka , M. and Toyota , T. 2004 . Comparison between a New 13C -Urea Breath Test, Using a Film-Coated Tablet, and the Conventional 13C -Urea Breath Test for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori Infection . J. Gastroenterol. , 39 ( 621 )
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , G. S. , Bao , Z. J. , Zou , J. , Yin , S. M. , Huang , Y. Q. , Huang , H. and Qiu , D. K. 2010 . Clinical Research on Liver Reserve Function by 13C -Phenylalanine Breath Test in Aged Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases . BMC Geriatr. , 10 ( 23 )
   Google Scholar
• Moran , S. , Gallardo-Wong , I. , Rodriguez-Leal , G. , McCollough , P. , Mendez , J. , Castaneda , B. , Milke , P. , Jacobo , J. and Dehesa , M. 2009 . L-[1-13C ]Phenylalanine Breath Test in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease of Different Etiologies . Isot. Environ. Health Stud. , 45 ( 192 )
   Google Scholar
• Yan , W. L. , Sun , D. Y. , Lin , X. T. , Jiang , Y. B. and Sun , X. 2006 . L-[1-13C ]Phenylalanine Breath Test Results Reflect the Activity of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase in Carbon Tetrachloride Acute Injured Rat Liver . Life Sci. , 78 ( 838 )
   Google Scholar
• Yan , W. , Sun , D. , Lin , X. , Jiang , Y. and Sun , X. 2005 . [13C ]Phenylalanine Breath Test and Hepatic Phenylalanine Metabolism Enzymes in Cirrhotic Rats . Eur. J. Clin. Invest. , 35 ( 644 )
   Google Scholar
• Koeda , N. , Iwai , M. , Kato , A. and Suzuki , K. 2005 . Validity of 13C -Phenylalanine Breath Test to Evaluate Functional Capacity of Hepatocyte in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Acute Hepatitis . Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. , 21 ( 851 )
   Google Scholar
• Festi , D. , Capodicasa , S. , Sandri , L. , Colaiocco-Ferrante , L. , Staniscia , T. , Vitacolonna , E. , Vestito , A. , Simoni , P. , Mazzella , G. , Portincasa , P. , Roda , E. and Colecchia , A. 2005 . Measurement of Hepatic Functional Mass by Means of 13C -Methacetin and 13C -Phenylalanine Breath Tests in Chronic Liver Disease: Comparison with Child-Pugh Score and Serum Bile Acid Levels . World J. Gastroenterol. , 11 ( 142 )
   Google Scholar
• Giannini , E. G. and Testa , R. 2004 . 13C -Breath Tests and Liver Fibrosis . Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. , 8 ( 51 )
   Google Scholar
• Ishii , Y. , Suzuki , S. , Kohno , T. , Aoki , M. , Kohno , T. , Ito , A. , Takayama , T. and Asai , S. 2003 . L-[1-13C ]Phenylalanine Breath Test Reflects Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Activity of the Whole Liver . J. Surg. Res. , 112 ( 38 )
   Google Scholar
• Ishii , Y. , Suzuki , S. , Kohno , T. , Aoki , M. , Kohno , T. , Ito , A. , Takayama , T. and Asai , S. 2003 . L-[1-13C ]Phenylalanine Breath Test Reflects Histological Changes in the Liver . J. Surg. Res. , 114 ( 120 )
   Google Scholar
• Ishii , Y. , Suzuki , S. , Kohno , T. , Aoki , M. , Goto , I. , Kohno , T. , Ito , A. and Asai , S. 2003 . Patients with Severe Liver Cirrhosis Followed up by L-[1-13C ]Phenylalanine Breath Test . J. Gastroenterol. , 38 ( 1086 )
   Google Scholar
• Tugtekin , I. , Wachter , U. , Barth , E. , Weidenbach , H. , Wagner , D. A. , Adler , G. , Georgieff , M. , Radermacher , P. and Vogt , J. A. 2002 . Phenylalanine Kinetics in Healthy Volunteers and Liver Cirrhotics: Implications for the Phenylalanine Breath Test . Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. , 283 ( E1223 )
   Google Scholar
• Ishii , Y. , Asai , S. , Kohno , T. , Ito , A. , Iwai , S. and Ishikawa , K. 2002 . Recovery of Liver Function in Two-Third Partial Hepatectomized Rats Evaluated by L-[1-13C ]Phenylalanine Breath Test . Surgery , 132 ( 849 )
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi , T. , Kubota , K. , Imamura , H. , Hasegawa , K. , Inoue , Y. , Takayama , T. and Makuuchi , M. 2001 . Hepatic Phenylalanine Metabolism Measured by the [13C ]Phenylalanine Breath Test . Eur. J. Clin. Invest. , 31 ( 356 )
   Google Scholar
• Ito , A. , Kohno , T. , Hosoi , I. , Ohshima , J. , Ishii , Y. , Asai , S. , Ishikawa , K. and Shibata , K. 2001 . High Correlation between Results of the [1-13C ]Phenylalanine Breath Test and Phenylalanine Hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.1) Activity of the Liver in Rats . Digestion , 63 ( 130 )
   Google Scholar
• Ishii , T. , Furube , M. , Hirano , S. , Takatori , K. , Iida , K. and Kajiwara , M. 2001 . Evaluation of 13C -Phenylalanine and 13C -Tyrosine Breath Tests for the Measurement of Hepatocyte Functional Capacity in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis . Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) , 49 ( 1507 )
   Google Scholar
• Lara Baruque , S. , Razquin , M. , Jimenez , I. , Vazquez , A. , Gisbert , J. P. and Pajares , J. M. 2000 . 13C -Phenylalanine and 13C -Methacetin Breath Test to Evaluate Functional Capacity of Hepatocyte in Chronic Liver Disease . Dig. Liver Dis. , 32 ( 226 )
   Google Scholar
• Tugtekin , I. , Radermacher , P. , Wachter , U. , Barth , E. , Weidenbach , H. , Adler , G. , Georgieff , M. and Vogt , J. 1999 . Comparison between the Oral and Intravenous L-[1-13C ]Phenylalanine Breath Test for the Assessment of Liver Function . Isot. Environ. Health Stud. , 35 ( 147 )
   Google Scholar
• Ishii , Y. , Asai , S. , Kohno , T. , Suzuki , S. , Ishii , M. , Hosoi , I. , Fujii , M. , Iwai , S. and Ishikawa , K. 1999 . 13C O2 Peak Value of L-[1-13C ]Phenylalanine Breath Test Reflects Hepatopathy . J. Surg. Res. , 86 ( 130 )
   Google Scholar
• Burke , P. A. , Stack , J. A. , Wagner , D. , Lewis , D. W. , Jenkins , R. L. and Forse , R. A. 1997 . L-[1-13C ]Phenylalanine Oxidation as a Measure of Hepatocyte Functional Capacity in End-Stage Liver Disease . Am. J. Surg. , 173 ( 270 )
   Google Scholar
• Silva , S. , Wyse , C. A. , Goodfellow , M. R. , Yam , P. S. , Preston , T. , Papasouliotis , K. and Hall , E. J. 2010 . Assessment of Liver Function in Dogs Using the 13C -Galactose Breath Test . Vet. J. , 185 ( 152 )
   Google Scholar
• Holtmeier , J. , Leuschner , M. , Schneider , A. , Leuschner , U. , Caspary , W. F. and Braden , B. 2006 . 13C -Methacetin and 13C -Galactose Breath Tests Can Assess Restricted Liver Function Even in Early Stages of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis . Scand. J. Gastroenterol. , 41 ( 1336 )
   Google Scholar
• Giannini , E. G. , Fasoli , A. , Borro , P. , Botta , F. , Malfatti , F. , Fumagalli , A. , Testa , E. , Polegato , S. , Cotellessa , T. , Milazzo , S. , Risso , D. and Testa , R. 2005 . 13C -Galactose Breath Test and 13C -Aminopyrine Breath Test for the Study of Liver Function in Chronic Liver Disease . Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , 3 ( 279 )
   Google Scholar
• Saadeh , S. , Behrens , P. W. , Parsi , M. A. , Carey , W. D. , Connor , J. T. , Grealis , M. and Barnes , D. S. 2003 . The Utility of the 13C -Galactose Breath Test as a Measure of Liver Function . Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. , 18 ( 995 )
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki , S. , Ishii , Y. , Asai , S. , Kohno , T. , Mazaki , T. , Takahashi , Y. , Iwai , S. and Ishikawa , K. 2000 . [1-13C ]Galactose Breath Test for Quantitative Measurement of Liver Function in a Short Period . Digestion , 62 ( 194 )
   Google Scholar
• Shreeve , W. W. , Shoop , J. D. , Ott , D. G. and McInteer , B. B. 1976 . Test for Alcoholic Cirrhosis by Conversion of [14C]- or [13C ]Galactose to Expired CO2 . Gastroenterology , 71 ( 98 )
   Google Scholar
• Grattagliano , I. , Lauterburg , B. H. , Palasciano , G. and Portincasa , P. 2010 . 13C -Breath Tests for Clinical Investigation of Liver Mitochondrial Function . Eur. J. Clin. Invest. , 40 ( 843 )
   Google Scholar
• Berthold , H. K. , Giesen , T. A. and Gouni-Berthold , I. 2009 . The Stable Isotope Ketoisocaproic Acid Breath Test as a Measure of Hepatic Decarboxylation Capacity: A Quantitative Analysis in Normal Subjects after Oral and Intravenous Administration . Liver Int. , 29 ( 1356 )
   Google Scholar
• Candelli , M. , Cazzato , I. A. , Zocco , M. A. , Nista , E. C. , Fini , L. , Armuzzi , A. , Camise , V. , Santoro , M. , Miele , L. , Grieco , A. , Gasbarrini , G. and Gasbarrini , A. 2004 . 13C -Breath Tests in the Study of Mitochondrial Liver function . Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. , 8 ( 23 )
   Google Scholar
• Parra , D. , Gonzalez , A. , Garcia-Villarreal , L. and Martinez , J. A. 2003 . Methodological Characterization of the 2-Keto [1-13C ]Isocaproate Breath Test to Measure in vivo Human Mitochondrial Function, Application in Alcoholic Liver Disease Assessment . Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. , 27 ( 1293 )
   Google Scholar
• Mion , F. , Rousseau , M. , Brazier , J. L. and Minaire , Y. 1995 . Human Hepatic Macrovesicular Steatosis: A Noninvasive Study of Mitochondrial Ketoisocaproic Acid Decarboxylation . Metabolism , 44 ( 699 )
   Google Scholar
• Witschi , A. , Mossi , S. , Meyer , B. , Junker , E. and Lauterburg , B. H. 1994 . Mitochondrial Function Reflected by the Decarboxylation of [13C ]Ketoisocaproate is Impaired in Alcoholics . Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. , 18 ( 951 )
   Google Scholar
• Lauterburg , B. H. , Liang , D. , Schwarzenbach , F. A. and Breen , K. J. 1993 . Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alcoholic Patients as Assessed by Breath Analysis . Hepatology , 17 ( 418 )
   Google Scholar
• Banasch , M. , Frank , J. , Serova , K. , Knyhala , K. , Kollar , S. , Potthoff , A. , Brockmeyer , N. H. and Goetze , O. 2011 . Impact of Antiretroviral Treatment on 13C -Methionine Metabolism as a Marker of Hepatic Mitochondrial Function: A Longitudinal Study . HIV Med. , 12 ( 40 )
   Google Scholar
• Banasch , M. , Ellrichmann , M. , Tannapfel , A. , Schmidt , W. E. and Goetze , O. 2011 . The Non-Invasive 13C -Methionine Breath Test Detects Hepatic Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Marker of Disease Activity in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis . Eur. J. Med. Res. , 16 ( 258 )
   Google Scholar
• Sternfeld , T. , Lorenz , A. , Schmid , M. , Schlamp , A. , Demmelmair , H. , Koletzko , B. and Bogner , J. R. 2009 . [13C ]Methionine Breath Test as a Marker for Hepatic Mitochondrial Function in HIV-Infected Patients . AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses , 25 ( 1243 )
   Google Scholar
• Wutzke , K. D. , Forberger , A. and Wigger , M. 2008 . Effect of Alcohol Consumption on the Liver Detoxication Capacity as Measured by [13C ]Methacetin- and [Methyl-13C ]Methionine-Breath Tests . Isot. Environ. Health Stud. , 44 ( 219 )
   Google Scholar
• Candelli , M. , Miele , L. , Armuzzi , A. , Nista , E. C. , Pignataro , G. , Fini , L. , Cazzato , I. A. , Zocco , M. A. , Bartolozzi , F. , Gasbarrini , G. , Grieco , A. and Gasbarrini , A. 2008 . 13C -Methionine Breath Tests for Mitochondrial Liver Function Assessment . Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. , 12 ( 245 )
   Google Scholar
• Banasch , M. , Emminghaus , R. , Ellrichmann , M. , Schmidt , W. E. and Goetze , O. 2008 . Longitudinal Effects of Hepatitis C Virus Treatment on Hepatic Mitochondrial Dysfunction Assessed by C-Methionine Breath Test . Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. , 28 ( 443 )
   Google Scholar
• Spahr , L. , Negro , F. , Leandro , G. , Marinescu , O. , Goodman , K. J. , Rubbia-Brandt , L. , Jordan , M. and Hadengue , A. 2003 . Impaired Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidation Using the 13C -Methionine Breath Test in Patients with Macrovesicular Steatosis and Patients with Cirrhosis . Med. Sci. Monit. , 9 ( CR6 )
   Google Scholar
• Di Campli , C. , Angelini , G. , Armuzzi , A. , Nardo , B. , Zocco , M. A. , Candelli , M. , Santoliquido , A. , Cavallari , A. , Bernardi , M. and Gasbarrini , A. 2003 . Quantitative Evaluation of Liver Function by the Methionine and Aminopyrine Breath Tests in the Early Stages of Liver Transplantation . Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , 15 ( 727 )
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russmann , S. , Junker , E. and Lauterburg , B. H. 2002 . Remethylation and Transsulfuration of Methionine in Cirrhosis: Studies with L-[2H3-Methyl-1-13C ]Methionine . Hepatology , 36 ( 1190 )
   Google Scholar
• Spahr , L. , Negro , F. , Rubbia-Brandt , L. , Marinescu , O. , Goodman , K. , Jordan , M. , Frossard , J. L. and Hadengue , A. 2001 . Acute Valproate-Associated Microvesicular Steatosis: Could the [13C ]Methionine Breath Test be Useful to Assess Liver Mitochondrial Function? . Dig. Dis. Sci. , 46 ( 2758 )
   Google Scholar
• Ishii , Y. , Asai , S. , Kohno , T. , Takahashi , Y. , Nagata , T. , Suzuki , S. , Kohno , T. , Iwai , S. and Ishikawa , K. 2001 . Evaluation of Liver Regeneration Using the L-[1-13C ]Methionine Breath Test . J. Surg. Res. , 95 ( 195 )
   Google Scholar
• Armuzzi , A. , Marcoccia , S. , Zocco , M. A. , De Lorenzo , A. , Grieco , A. , Tondi , P. , Pola , P. , Gasbarrini , G. and Gasbarrini , A. 2000 . Non-Invasive Assessment of Human Hepatic Mitochondrial Function through the 13C -Methionine Breath Test . Scand. J. Gastroenterol. , 35 ( 650 )
   Google Scholar
• Shirin , H. , Aeed , H. , Shalev , T. , Sorin , V. , Stavinski , S. , Shahmurov , M. , Ilan , Y. and Avni , Y. 2008 . Utility of a 13C -Methacetin Breath Test in Evaluating Hepatic Injury in Rats . J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , 23 ( 1762 )
   Google Scholar
• Lalazar , G. , Pappo , O. , Hershcovici , T. , Hadjaj , T. , Shubi , M. , Ohana , H. , Hemed , N. and Ilan , Y. 2008 . A Continuous 13C Methacetin Breath Test for Noninvasive Assessment of Intrahepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic HCV Infection and Normal ALT . J. Viral Hepat. , 15 ( 716 )
   Google Scholar
• Dinesen , L. , Caspary , W. F. , Chapman , R. W. , Dietrich , C. F. , Sarrazin , C. and Braden , B. 2008 . 13C -Methacetin-Breath Test Compared to Also Noninvasive Biochemical Blood Tests in Predicting Hepatic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis in Chronic Hepatitis C . Dig. Liver Dis. , 40 ( 743 )
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , A. , Caspary , W. F. , Saich , R. , Dietrich , C. F. , Sarrazin , C. , Kuker , W. and Braden , B. 2007 . 13C -Methacetin Breath Test Shortened: 2-Point-Measurements after 15 Minutes Reliably Indicate the Presence of Liver Cirrhosis . J. Clin. Gastroenterol. , 41 ( 33 )
   Google Scholar
• Goetze , O. , Selzner , N. , Fruehauf , H. , Fried , M. , Gerlach , T. and Mullhaupt , B. 2007 . 13C -Methacetin Breath Test as a Quantitative Liver Function Test in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: Continuous Automatic Molecular Correlation Spectroscopy Compared to Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometry . Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. , 26 ( 305 )
   Google Scholar
• Braden , B. , Faust , D. , Sarrazin , U. , Zeuzem , S. , Dietrich , C. F. , Caspary , W. F. and Sarrazin , C. 2005 . 13C -Methacetin Breath Test as Liver Function Test in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection . Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. , 21 ( 179 )
   Google Scholar
• Petrolati , A. , Festi , D. , De Berardinis , G. , Colaiocco-Ferrante , L. , Di Paolo , D. , Tisone , G. and Angelico , M. 2003 . 13C -Methacetin Breath Test for Monitoring Hepatic Function in Cirrhotic Patients before and after Liver Transplantation . Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. , 18 ( 785 )
   Google Scholar
• Matsumoto , K. , Suehiro , M. , Iio , M. , Kawabe , T. , Shiratori , Y. , Okano , K. and Sugimoto , T. 1987 . [13C ]Methacetin Breath Test for Evaluation of Liver Damage . Dig. Dis. Sci. , 32 ( 344 )
   Google Scholar
• Krumbiegel , P. , Günther , K. , Faust , H. , Möbius , G. , Hirschberg , K. and Schneider , G. 1985 . Nuclear Medicine Liver Function Tests for Pregnant Women and Children. 1. Breath Tests with 14C-Methacetin and 13C -Methacetin . Eur. J. Nucl. Med. , 10 ( 129 )
   Google Scholar
• Ichida , F. , Tsuji , T. , Ichida , M. Omata T. , Inoue , K. , Kamimura , T. , Yamada , G. , Hino , K. , Yokosuka , O. and Suzuki , H. 1996 . New Inuyama Classification; New Criteria for Histological Assessment of Chronic Hepatitis . Int. Hepatol. Commun. , 6 ( 112 )
   Google Scholar
• Hanley , J. A. and McNeil , B. J. 1982 . The Meaning and Use of the Area under a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve . Radiology , 143 ( 29 )
   Google Scholar
• Wai , C. T. , Greenson , J. K. , Fontana , R. J. , Kalbfleisch , J. D. , Marrero , J. A. , Conjeevaram , H. S. and Lok , A. S. 2003 . A Simple Noninvasive Index Can Predict Both Significant Fibrosis and Cirrhosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C . Hepatology , 38 ( 518 )
   Google Scholar
• Shaheen , A. A. and Myers , R. P. 2007 . Diagnostic Accuracy of the Aspartate Aminotransferase-to-Platelet Ratio Index for the Prediction of Hepatitis C-Related Fibrosis: A Systematic Review . Hepatology , 46 ( 912 )
   Google Scholar
• Gressner , O. A. , Weiskirchen , R. and Gressner , A. M. 2007 . Biomarkers of Liver Fibrosis, Clinical Translation of Molecular Pathogenesis or Based on Liver-Dependent Malfunction Tests . Clin. Chim. Acta , 381 ( 107 )
   Google Scholar
• Adams , L. A. , Bulsara , M. , Rossi , E. , DeBoer , B. , Speers , D. , George , J. , Kench , J. , Farrell , G. , McCaughan , G. W. and Jeffrey , G. P. 2005 . Hepascore: An Accurate Validated Predictor of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection . Clin. Chem. , 51 ( 1867 )
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , W. M. , Voelker , M. , Thiel , R. , Becka , M. , Burt , A. , Schuppan , D. , Hubscher , S. , Roskams , T. , Pinzani , M. and Arthur , M. J. 2004 . Serum Markers Detect the Presence of Liver Fibrosis: A Cohort Study . Gastroenterology , 127 ( 1704 )
   Google Scholar
• Poniachik , J. , Bernstein , D. E. , Reddy , K. R. , Jeffers , L. J. , Coelho-Little , M. E. , Civantos , F. and Schiff , E. R. 1996 . The Role of Laparoscopy in the Diagnosis of Cirrhosis . Gastrointest. Endosc. , 43 ( 568 )
   Google Scholar