The complex isotopologue space of glucose as a framework for the study of human intermediary metabolism

References

• Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults 1999–2000. JAMA. 2002;288:1723–1727. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.14.1723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinbrook R. Facing the diabetes epidemic—mandatory reporting of glycosylated hemoglobin values in New York City. New Engl J Med. 2006;354:545–548. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp068008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris MI, Flegal KM, Cowie CC, Eberhardt MS, Goldstein DE, Little RR, Wiedmeyer HM, Byrd-Holt DD. Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. The third national health and nutrition examination survey 1988–1994. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:518–524. doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.4.518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietz WH, Robinson TN. Overweight children and adolescents. New Engl J Med. 2005;352:2100–2109. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp043052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahyoun NR, Anderson AL, Kanaya AM, Koh-Banerjee P, Kritchevsky SB, de Rekeneire N, Tylavsky FA, Schwartz AV, Lee JS, Harris TB. Dietary glycemic index and load, measures of glucose metabolism, and body fat distribution in older adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82:547–552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadén J, Tikkanen H, Forsblom C, Fagerudd J, Pettersson-Fernholm K, Lakka T, Riska M, Groop PH, FinnDiane Study Group. Leisure time physical activity is associated with poor glycemic control in type 1 diabetic women: the FinnDiane study. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:777–782. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.4.777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalderon B, Gopher A, Lapidot A. Metabolic pathways leading to liver glycogen repletion in vivo, studied by GC–MS and NMR. FEBS Lett. 1986;204:29–32. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)81381-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalderon B, Korman SH, Gutman A, Lapidot A. Estimation of glucose carbon recycling in children with glycogen storage disease: a 13C NMR study using [U-13C]glucose. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86:4690–4694. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.12.4690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tayek JA, Katz J. Glucose production, recycling, Cori cycle, and gluconeogenesis in humans: relationship to serum cortisol. Am J Physiol. 1997;272:E476–E484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tayek JA, Katz J. Glucose production, recycling, and gluconeogenesis in normals and diabetics: a mass isotopomer [U-13C]glucose study. Am J Physiol. 1996;270:E709–E717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tigas SK, Sunehag AL, Haymond MW. Impact of duration of infusion and choice of isotope label on isotope recycling in glucose homeostasis. Diabetes. 2002;51:3170–3175. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.51.11.3170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunehag AL, Toffolo G, Treuth MS, Butte NF, Cobelli C, Bier DM, Haymond MW. Effects of dietary macronutrient content on glucose metabolism in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:5168–5178. doi: 10.1210/jc.2002-020674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz J, Paul Lee W-N, Walst PA, Bergner EA. Studies of glycogen synthesis and the Krebs cycle by mass isotopomer analysis with U-13C-glucose in rats. J Biol Chem. 1989;264:12994–13001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellerstein MK, Neese RA. Mass isotopomer distribution analysis: a technique for measuring biosynthesis and turnover of polymers. Am J Physiol. 1992;263:E998–E1001.
   Google Scholar
• Des Rosiers C, Di Donato L, Comte B, Laplante A, Marcoux C, David F, Fernandez CA, Brunengraber H. Isotopomer analysis of citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis in rat liver. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:10027–10036. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.17.10027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choukem S-P, Gautier J-F. How to measure hepatic insulin resistance? Diabetes Metab. 2008;34:664–673. doi: 10.1016/S1262-3636(08)74602-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wutte A, Plank J, Bodenlenz M, Magnes C, Regittnig W, Sinner F, Rønn B, Zdravkovic M, Pieber TR. Proportional dose-response relationship and lower within-patient variability of insulin Detemir and NPH insulin in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2007;115:461–467. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-976512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones JG, Solomon MA, Cole SM, Sherry AD, Malloy CR. An integrated 2H and 13C NMR study of gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle flux in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001;281:E848–E856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones JG, Solomon MA, Sherry AD, Jeffrey FM, Malloy CR. 13C NMR measurements of human gluconeogenic fluxes after ingestion of [U-13C]propionate, phenylacetate, and acetaminophen. Am J Physiol. 1998;275:E843–E852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunny NE, Parks EJ, Browning JD, Burgess SC. Excessive hepatic mitochondrial TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis in humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Metab. 2011;14:804–810. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Befroy DE, Perry RJ, Jain N, Dufour S, Cline GW, Trimmer JK, Brosnan J, Rothman DL, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Direct assessment of hepatic mitochondrial oxidative and anaplerotic fluxes in humans using dynamic 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nature Med. 2014;20:98–102. doi: 10.1038/nm.3415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenreich W, Menhard B, Hylands PJ, Zenk MH, Bacher A. Studies on the biosynthesis of taxol: the taxane carbon skeleton is not of mevalonoid origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:6431–6436. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glawischnig E, Tomas A, Eisenreich W, Spiteller P, Bacher A, Gierl A. Auxin biosynthesis in maize kernels. Plant Physiol. 2000;123:1109–1120. doi: 10.1104/pp.123.3.1109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glawischnig E, Gierl A, Tomas A, Bacher A, Eisenreich W. Starch biosynthesis and intermediary metabolism in maize kernels. Quantitative analysis of metabolite flux by nuclear magnetic resonance. Plant Physiol. 2002;130:1717–1727. doi: 10.1104/pp.006726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ettenhuber C, Spielbauer G, Margl L, Hannah LC, Gierl A, Bacher A, Genschel U, Eisenreich W. Changes in flux pattern of the central carbohydrate metabolism during kernel development in maize. Phytochemistry. 2005;66:2632–2642. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adam P, Gütlich M, Oschkinat H, Bacher A, Eisenreich W. Studies of the intermediary metabolism in cultured cells of the insect Spodoptera frugiperda using 13C- or 15N-labelled tracers. BMC Biochemistry. 2005;6:24. doi: 10.1186/1471-2091-6-24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eisenreich W, Ettenhuber C, Laupitz R, Theus C, Bacher A. Isotopolog perturbation techniques for metabolic networks: metabolic recycling of nutritional glucose in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101:6764–6769. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0400916101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert A, Silvestre V, Robins RJ, Remaud GS. Accurate quantitative isotopic 13C NMR spectroscopy for the determination of the intramolecular distribution of 13C in glucose at natural abundance. Anal Chem. 2009;81:8978–8985. doi: 10.1021/ac901441g
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossmann A, Butzenlechner M, Schmidt H-L. Evidence for a nonstatistical carbon isotope distribution in natural glucose. Plant Physiol. 1991;96:609–614. doi: 10.1104/pp.96.2.609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar