Fractionation of Carbon Isotopes During Carbohydrate Fermentation in Ruminants

References

• Bickerstaffe , R. , Annison , E. F. and Linzell , J. L. 1974 . The metabolism of glucose, acetate, lipids and amino acids in lactating dairy cows. . J. agric. Sci. Camb. , 82 : 71 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Schulze , E. , Diop , H. , Breves , G. and Giese , W. 1992 . Effect of energy metabolism on 13-C/12-C-ratios in milk fat and lactose of cows. . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 103B : 913 – 916 .
   Google Scholar
• De Niro , M. J. and Epstein , S. 1977 . Mechanism of carbon isotope fractionation associated with lipid synthesis. . Science , 197 : 261 – 263 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , B. N. and Epstein , S. 1971 . Two categories of 13-C/12-C ratios for higher plants. . Plant Physiology. , 7 : 380 – 384 .
   Google Scholar
• De Niro , M. J. and Epstein , S. 1978 . Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals. . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , 42 : 495 – 506 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northrop , D. B. 1975 . Steady-state analysis of kinetic isotope effects in enzymatic reactions. . Biochemistry , 14 : 12 2644 – 2651 .
   Google Scholar
• Monson , K. D. and Hayes , J. M. 1980 . Biosynthetic control of the natural abundance of carbon-13 at specific positions within fatty acids in Escherichia coli. . Journal of Biological Chemistry , 5 : 11435 – 11441 .
   Google Scholar
• Baldwin , R. L. , Wood , W. A. and Emery , R. S. 1963 . Conversion of glucose-14-C to propionate by the rumen microbiota. . J. Bacteriol. , 85 : 1346 – 1349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig , H. 1957 . Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen correction factors for mass-spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide. . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , 12 : 133 – 149 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulze , E. , Fuhrmann , H. , Neitzel , E. S. , Giese , W. W. and Sallmann , H. P. 1991 . Glucose entry rate in dairy cattle as determined by stable isotope 13-C labelled glucose at different stages of reproduction. . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 100B : 167 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Bigeleisen , J. and Wolfsberg , M. 1958 . Theoretical and experimental aspects of isotope effects in chemical kinetics , 16 – 76 . New York : Interscience Publishers Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , R. J. , Ludlow , M. M. , Troughton , J. H. and Blunt , C. G. 1979 . Estimination of the proportion of C-3 and C-4 plant species in the diet of animals from the ratio of natural C-12 and C-13 isotopes in the faeces. . J. Agric. Sci., Camb. , 92 : 91 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Giese , W. 1993 . Preparation of natural 13-C-rich free fatty acids (FFA) from corn oil and their application in metabolic studies of lactating cows. . Isotopenpraxis Environ. Health Stud. , 29 : 149 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar