References
- Aliev, G., Smith, M.A., Seyidov, D., Neal, M.L., Lamb, B.T., Nunomura, A., Gasimov, E.K., Vinters, H.V., Perry, G., LaManna, J.C. and Friedland, R.P. (2002 ) “The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular lesions in Alzheimer’s disease”, Brain Pathology 12, 21–35.
- Anisman, H. (1975 ) “Dissociation of disinhibitory effects of scopolamine: stain and task factors”, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 3, 613–618.
- Arendash, G.W., King, D.L., Gordon, M.N., Morgan, D., Hatcher, J.M., Hope, C.E. and Diamond, D.M. (2001 ) “Progressive, age- related behavioral impairments in transgenic mice carrying both mutant amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 transgenes”, Brain Research 891, 42–53.
- Battaini, F., Pascale, A., Lucchi, L., Pasinetti, G.M. and Govoni, S. (1999 ) “Protein kinase C anchoring deficit in postmortem brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients”, Experimental Neurology 159, 559–564.
- Bickford, P.C., Shukitt-Hale, B. and Joseph, J. (1999 ) “Effects of aging on cerebellar noradrenergic function and motor learning: nutritional interventions”, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 111, 141–154.
- Butterfield, D.A., Butterfield, D., Castegna, A., Pocernich, C., Drake, J., Scapagnini, G. and Calabrese, V. (2002 ) “Nutritional approaches to combat oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease”, Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13, 444–461.
- Cagnin, A., Brooks, D.J., Kennedy, A.M., Gunn, R.N., Myers, R., Turkheimer, F.E., Jones, T. and Banati, R.B. (2001) “In-vivo measurement of activated microglia in dementia”, Lancet 11, 461–467.
- Commenges, D., Scotet, V., Renaud, S., Jacqmin-Gadda, H., Barberger-Gateau, P. and Dartigues, J.F. (2000 ) “Intake of flavonoids and risk of dementia”, European Journal of Epidemiology 16, 357–363.
- Cutler, R.G. and Mattson, M.P. (2001 ) “Sphingomyelin and ceramide as regulators of development and lifespan”, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 122, 895–908.
- Cutler, R., Joseph, J.A., Yamagami, K., Villalobos-Molina, R. and Roth, G.S. (1994 ) “Area specific alterations in muscarinic stimulated low KM GTPase activity in aging and Alzheimer’s disease: implications for altered signal transduction”, Brain Research 664, 54–60.
- DeFeudis, F.V. and Drieu, K. (2000 ) “Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) and CNS functions: basic studies and clinical applications”, Current Drug Targets 1, 25–58.
- Denisova, N.A., Erat, S.A., Kelly, J.F. and Roth, G.S. (1998 ) “Differential effect of aging on cholesterol modulation of carbachol stimulated Low-Km GTPase in striatal synapto- somes”, Experimental Gerontology 33, 249–265.
- Denisova, N.A., Fisher, D., Provost, M. and Joseph, J.A. (1999 ) “The role of glutathione, membrane sphingomyelin, and its metabolites in oxidative stress-induced calcium dysregulation in PC12 cells”, Free Radical Biology and Medicine 27, 1292–1301.
- Denisova, N.A., Cantuti-Castelvetri, I., Hassan, W., Paulson, E.K. and Joseph, J.A. (2001 ) “Membrane sphingomyelin-cholesterol domains and their role in regulation of vulnerability to oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Implication for aging”, Free Radical Biology and Medicine 30, 671–678.
- Deschamps, V., Barberger-Gateau, P., Peuchant, E. and Orgogozo, J.M. (2001 ) “Nutritional factors in cerebral aging and dementia: epidemiological arguments for a role of oxidative stress”, Neuroepidemiology 20, 7–15.
- Devan, B.D., Goad, E.H. and Petri, H.L. (1996 ) “Dissociation of hippocampal and striatal contributions to spatial navigation in the water maze”, Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 66, 305–323.
- Dineley, K.T., Westerman, M., Bui, D., Bell, K., Ashe, K.H. and Sweatt, J.D. (2001 ) “Beta-amyloid activates the mitogen- activated protein kinase cascade via hippocampus alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: in vitro and in vivo mechanisms related to Alzheimer’s disease”, Journal of Neuroscience 21, 4125–4133.
- Dodart, J.C., Bales, K.R., Gannon, K.S., Greene, S.J., DeMattos, R.B., Mathis, C., DeLong, C.A., Wu, S., Wu, X., Holtzman, D.M. and Paul, S.M. (2002 ) “Immunization reverses memory deficits without reducing brain Abeta burden in Alzheimer’s disease model”, Nature Neuroscience 5, 452–457.
- Duff, K., Eckman, C., Zehr, C., Yu, X., Prada, C.M., Perez-tur, J., Hutton, M., Buee, L., Harigaya, Y., Yager, D., Morgan, D., Gordon, M.N., Holcomb, L., Refolo, L., Zenk, B., Hardy, J. and Younkin, S. (1996 ) “Increased amyloid-beta 42(43) in brains of mice expressing mutant presenilin 1”, Nature 383, 710–713.
- Farooqui, A.A. and Horrocks, L.A. (2001 ) “Plasmalogens: workhorse lipids of membranes in normal and injured neurons and glia”, Neuroscientist 7, 232–245.
- Feldman, E.B. (2001 ) “Fruits and vegetables and the risk of stroke”, Nutrition Review 59, 24–27.
- Giem, P., Beeson, W.L. and Fraser, G.E. (1993 ) “The incidence of dementia and intake of animal products: preliminary findings from the Adventist Health Study”, Neuroepidemiology 12, 28–36.
- Gordon, M.N., Holcomb, L.A., Jantzen, P.T., DiCarlo, G., Wilcock, D. , Boyett, K.W., Connor, K., Melachrino, J., O’Callaghan, J.P. and Morgan, D. (2002) “Time course of the development of Alzheimer-like pathology in the doubly transgenic PS1 + APP mouse”, Experimental Neurology 173, 183–195.
- Irizarry, M.C., McNamara, M., Fedorchak, K., Hsiao, K. and Hyman, B.T. (1997 ) “APPSw transgenic mice develop age- related A beta deposits and neuropil abnormalities, but no neuronal loss in CA1”, Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 56, 965–973.
- Joseph, J.A., Denisova, N., Fisher, D., Bickford, P., Prior, R. and Cao, G. (1998a ) “Age-related neuro-degeneration and oxidative stress: putative nutritional intervention”, Neurologic Clinics of North America: The Neurology of Aging 16, 747–755.
- Joseph, J.A., Denisova, N., Fisher, D., Shukitt-Hale, B., Bickford, P., Prior, R. and Cao, G. (1998b ) “Membrane and receptor modifications of oxidative stress vulnerability in aging: nutritional considerations”, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 854, 268–276.
- Joseph, J.A., Shukitt-Hale, B., Denisova, N.A., Bielinski, D., Martin, A., McEwen, J.J. and Bickford, P.C. (1999) “Reversals of age- related declines in neuronal signal transduction, cognitive and motor behavioral deficits with blueberry, spinach or strawberry dietary supplementation”, Journal of Neuroscience 19, 8114–8121.
- Joseph, J.A., Shukitt-Hale, B., Denisova, N.A., Martin, A., Perry, G. and Smith, M.A. (2001 ) “Copernicus revisited: amyloid beta in Alzheimer’s disease”, Neurobiology of Aging 22, 131–146.
- Joseph, J.A., Fisher, D.R. and Strain, J. (2002 ) “Muscarinic receptor subtype determines vulnerability to oxidative stress in COS-7 cells”, Free Radical Biology and Medicine 32, 153–161.
- Kalmijn, S., Launer, L.J., Ott, A., Witteman, J.C., Hofman, A. and Breteler, M.M. (1997 ) “Dietary fat intake and the risk of incident dementia in the Rotterdam Study”, Annals of Neurology 42, 776–782.
- Lazaris, A., Cassel, S., Stemmelin, J., Cassel, J.-C. and Kelche, C. (2003 ) “Intrastriatal infusions of methoctramine improve memory in cognitively impaired aged rats”, Neurobiology of Aging 24, 379–383.
- Le Bars, P.L., Kieser, M. and Itil, K.Z. (2000 ) “A 26-week analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia”, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 11, 230–237.
- Manev, H. and Uz, T. (1999 ) “Primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells as a model to study neuronal 5-lipoxygenase and FLAP gene expression”, Annals of the New York Academy Science 890, 183–190.
- McDonald, R.J. and White, N.M. (1994 ) “Parallel information processing in the water maze: evidence for independent memory systems involving dorsal striatum and hippocampus”, Behavioral and Neural Biology 61, 260–270.
- McFarland, D. (1989 ) “Effects of scopolamine, D-amphetamine, and apomorphine on alternation and position biases”, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 32, 723–726.
- McGrath, L.T. (2001 ) “Increased oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease as assessed with 4-hydroxynonenal but not malon- dialdehyde”, QJM: Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians 94, 485–490.
- Mendelson, K.G., Contois, L.R., Tevosian, G.G., Davis, R.J. and Paulson, K.E. (1996 ) “Independent regulation of JNK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases by metabolic oxidative stress in the liver”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93, 12908–12913.
- Micheau, J. and Riedel, G. (1999 ) “Protein kinases: which one is the memory molecule?”, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 55, 534–548.
- Mucke, L., Masliah, E., Yu, G.Q., Mallory, M., Rockenstein, E.M., Tatsuno, G., Hu, K., Kholodenko, D., Johnson-Wood, K. and McConlogue, L. (2000 ) “High-level neuronal expression of abeta 1–42 in wild-type human amyloid protein precursor transgenic mice: synaptotoxicity without plaque formation”, Journal ofNeuroscience 1, 4050–4058.
- Nenadic, I., Gaser, C., Volz, H-P., Rammsayer, T., Hager, F. and Sauer, H. (2003 ) “Processing of temporal information and the basal ganglia: new evidence from fMRI”, Experimental Brain Research 148, 238–246.
- Nunomura, A., Perry, G., Aliev, G., Hirai, K., Takeda, A., Balraj, E. K., Jones, P.K., Ghanbari, H., Wataya, T., Shimohama, S., Chiba, S., Atwood, C.S., Petersen, R.B. and Smith, M.A. (2001 ) “Oxidative damage is the earliest event in Alzheimer disease”, Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 60, 759–767.
- Packard, M. and Knowlton, B.J. (2002 ) “Learning and memory functions of the basal ganglia”, Annual Review of Neuroscience 25, 563–593.
- Richardson, J.A. and Burns, D.K. (2002 ) “Mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease: a quest for plaques and tangles”, ILAR Journal/National Research Council, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources 43, 89–99.
- Sano, M., Ernesto, C., Thomas, R.G., Klauber, M.R., Schafer, K., Grundman, M., Woodbury, P., Growdon, J., Cotman, C.W., Pfeiffer, E., Schneider, L.S. and Thal, L.J. (1997 ) “A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. The Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study (see comments)”, New England Journal of Medicine 336, 1216–1222.
- Selcher, J.C., Atkins, C.M., Trzaskos, J.M., Paylor, R. and Sweatt, J.D. (1999 ) “A necessity for MAP kinase activation in mammalian spatial learning”, Learning and Memory 6, 478–490.
- Serrano, P.A., Beniston, D.S., Oxonian, M.G., Rodriguez, W.A., Rosenzweig, M.R. and Bennett, E.L. (1994 ) “Differential effects of protein kinase inhibitors and activators on memory formation in the 2-day-old chick”, Behavioral and Neural Biology 61, 60–72.
- Shen, Y., Lue, L., Yang, L., Roher, A., Kuo, Y., Strohmeyer, R., Goux, W.J., Lee, V., Johnson, G.V., Webster, S.D., Cooper, N.R., Bradt, B. and Rogers, J. (2001) “Complement activation by neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease”, Neuroscience Letters 15, 165–168.
- Sirinathsinghji, D.J.S. (1998 ) “Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease”, Biochemical Society Transactions 26, 504–508.
- Smith, M.A., Rudnicka-Nawrot, M., Richey, P.L., Praprotnik, D., Mulvihill, P., Miller, C.A., Sayre, L.M. and Perry, G. (1995 ) “Carbonyl-related posttranslational modification of neurofilament protein in the neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer’s disease”, Journal of Neurochemistry 64, 2660–2666.
- Sweatt, J.D. (2001 ) “The neuronal MAP kinase cascade: a biochemical signal integration system subserving synaptic plasticity and memory”, Journal of Neurochemistry 76, 1–10.
- Weisburger, J.H. (2000 ) “Eat to live, not live to eat”, Nutrition 16, 767–773.
- Yamagami, K., Joseph, J.A. and Roth, G.S. (1992 ) “Decrement in muscarinic-receptor stimulated low KM GTPase in striata and hippocampus from aged rat”, Brain Research 576, 327–331.
- Youdim, K.A., Shukitt-Hale, B., Martin, A., Wang, H., Denisova, N., Bickford, P.C. and Joseph, J.A. (2000 ) “Short-term dietary supplementation of blueberry polyphenolics: beneficial effects on aging brain performance and peripheral tissue function”, Nutrition Neuroscience 3, 383–397.
- Zhang, L. and Jope, R.S. (1999 ) “Oxidative stress differentially modulates phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and CREB induced by NGF or EGF in PC12 cells”, Neurobiology of Aging 20, 271–278.
- Zhen, X., Uryu, K., Cai, G., Johnson, G.P. and Friedman, E. (1999) “Age-associated impairment in brain MAPK signal pathways and the effect of restriction in Fischer 344 rats”, The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 54, B539–B548.