References
- Alams, J.D., Jr., Klaidman, L.K., Odunze, I.N., Shen, H.C. and Miller, C.A. (1991 ) “Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, brain levels of glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and vitamin E”, Molecular Chemical Neuropathology 14, 213–225.
- Bidlack, W.T. and Tappel, A.L. (1973 ) “Damage to microsomal membrane by lipid peroxidation”, Lipids 8, 177–182.
- Bradford, M.M. (1976 ) “A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding”, Analytical Biochemistry 72, 248–254.
- Chan, P.H. (1994 ) “Oxygen radicals in focal cerebral ischemia”, Brain Pathology 4, 59–65.
- Coyle, J.T. and Puttfarcken, P. (1993 ) “Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disease”, Science 262, 689–695.
- Floreani, M., Skaper, D.S., Facci, L., Lipartiti, M. and Giusti, P. (1997 ) “Melatonin maintains glutathione homeostasis in kainic acid-exposed rat tissues”, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal 11, 1309–1315.
- Gupta, Y.K., Briyal, S. and Chaudhary, G. (2002 ) “Protective effect of trans-resveratrol against kainic acid-induced seizures and oxidative stress in rats”, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 71, 253–257.
- Halliwell, B. (1978 ) “Biochemical mechanisms accounting for the toxic action of oxygen on living organisms: the key role of superoxide dismutase”, Cell Biology International Reports 2, 113–128.
- Han, B.H. and Park, M.H. (1978 ) “Studies on the antioxidant components of Korean ginseng (II)”, Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy 9, 169–171.
- Han, B.H., Park, M.H. and Han, Y.N. (1985 ) “Studies on the antioxidant components of Korean ginseng (V): the mechanism of antioxidant activity of maltol and phenolic acid”, Korean Biochemical Journal 18, 337–340.
- Kim, H.C., Choi, D.Y., Jhoo, W.K., Lee, D.W., Koo, C.H. and Kim, C. (1997) “Aspapatone, a new antiplatelet agent, attenuates the neurotoxicity induced by kainic acid in the rat”, Life Sciences 61, PL373–PL381.
- Kim, H.C., Moon, K.D., Oh, S.Y., Kim, S.P. and Lee, S.R. (2001 ) “Ether fraction of methanol extracts of Gastrodia elata, a traditional medicinal herb, protects against kainic acid- induced neuronal damage in the mouse hippocampus”, Neuroscience Letters 314, 65–68.
- Kondo, T., Sharp, F.R., Honkaniemi, J., Mikawa, S., Epstein, C.J. and Chan, P.H. (1997 ) “DNA fragmentation and prolonged expression of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp 70 in kainic acid-induced neuronal cell death in transgenic mice overexpressing human CuZu-superoxide dismutase”, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 17, 241–256.
- Kontos, H.A. (1985 ) “George E. Brown Memorial Lecture: oxygen radicals in cerebral vascular injury”, Circulation Research 57, 508–516.
- LeBlanc, D.T. and Akers, H.A. (1989 ) “Maltol and ethyl maltol: from the larch tree to successful food additive”, Food Technology 43, 78–79.
- Lee, K.-G., Mitchell, A.E. and Shibamoto, T. (2000 ) “Determination of antioxidant properties of volatile extracts from various beans”, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48, 4817–4820.
- Meister, A. and Anderson, M.E. (1983 ) “Glutathione”, Annual Review of Biochemistry 52, 711–760.
- Meister, A. (1995 ) “Strategies for increasing cellular glutathione ”, In: Packer, L. and Cardenas, E., eds, Biothiols in Health and Disease (Dekker Press, New York ), pp 165–188.
- NIH Committee on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (1985 ) Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Institute of Health Publication No. 85–23.
- Olney, J.W., Rhee, V. and Ho, O.L. (1974 ) “Kainic acid: a powerful neurotoxic analogue of glutamate”, Brain Research 77, 507–512.
- Reiter, R.J. (1995 ) “Oxidative processes and antioxidative defense mechanism in the aging brain”, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal 9, 526–533.
- Roberts, J.C. and Francetic, D.J. (1993 ) “The importance of sample preparation and storage in glutathione determination analysis”, Analytical Biochemistry 211, 183–187.
- SAS (1997 ) SAS user’s Guide Statistics version 6.12, (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).
- Saija, A., Princi, P., Pisani, A., Lanza, M., Scalese, M., Aramnejad, E., Cesarani, R. and Costa, G. (1997 ) “Protectivef effect of glutathione on kainic acid-induced neuropathological changes in rat brain”, General Pharmacology 25, 97–102.
- Schauwecker, P.E. and Steward, O. (1997 ) “Genetic determinants of susceptibility to excitotoxic cell death: implications for gene targeting approaches”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94, 4103–4108.
- Sian, J., Dexter, D.T., Lees, A.J., Daniel, S., Agid, Y., Javoyagid, F., Jenner, P. and Marsden, C.D. (1994 ) “Alterations in glutathione levels in Parkinson’s disease and other neuro- degenerative disorders affecting basal ganglia”, Annals of Neurology 36, 348–355.
- Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H. (1960) Principle and Procedures of Statistics (McGraw- Hill, New York).
- Tan, D., Manchester, L.C., Reiter, R.J., Qi, W., Kim, S.J. and El-Sokkary, G.H. (1998 ) “Melatonin protects hippocampal neurons in vivo against kainic acid- induced damage in mice”, Journal of Neuroscience Research 54, 382–389.
- Tappel, A.L. (1978) “Glutathione peroxidase”, In: Fleischer, S. and Packer, L., eds, Methods in Enzymology (Academic Press, New York) Vol. 52, pp 506–523.
- Turjanski, A.G., Rosenstein, R.E. and Estrin, D.A. (1998 ) “Reaction of melatonin and related indoles with free radicals: a computational study”, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 41, 3684–3689.
- Wei, A., Mura, K. and Shibamoto, T. (2001 ) “Antioxidative activity of volatile chemicals extracted from beer”, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49, 4097–4101.